Role of Ascorbate Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase in Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and Stress Tolerance in Plants

2010 ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Hong Pang ◽  
Bao-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

scholarly journals Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Palma ◽  
Fátima Terán ◽  
Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity has been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California type fruits, and three autochthonous Spanish varieties were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in pericarp and placenta from fruits showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profile of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD, total and isoenzymatic), the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with the capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidant, the role of an Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione content were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsacinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

scholarly journals The role of glutathione reductase in maintaining human granulocyte function and sensitivity to exogenous H2O2

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Cohen ◽  
EH Tape ◽  
J Novak ◽  
ME Chovaniec ◽  
P Liegey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Granulocyte Function ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Exogenous H2o2

Abstract Human granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species while undergoing phagocytosis. To examine the role of the glutathione cycle in metabolizing H2O2, we incubated PMN with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU). Incubation of PMN with BCNU results in a dose-dependent inhibition of PMN glutathione reductase (GRED), with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 2 micrograms/mL BCNU. PMN hexose monophosphate shunt activity stimulated with an exogenous H2O2-generating system was inhibited only when the GRED activity was reduced to less than 30% of control. BCNU-treated cells contained lower levels of reduced sulfhydryls and reduced glutathione, which decreased even more in the presence of an exogenous H2O2-generating system. The effect of BCNU and exogenous H2O2 on various aspects of phagocytosis were examined. Exposure of BCNU-treated PMN to an H2O2-generating system resulted in an inhibition of chemotactic peptide-induced shape changes and degranulation. The ability of BCNU-treated cells to produce O2- was diminished only when the PMN were incubated with an H2O2-generating system in the presence of cyanide. Ingestion of opsonized bacteria by BCNU-treated PMN was unaffected by incubation in an H2O2-generating system even in the presence of cyanide. We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Palma ◽  
Fátima Terán ◽  
Alba Contreras-Ruiz ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity have been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California-type fruits and three autochthonous Spanish varieties which have different pungency levels were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in the pericarp and placenta from fruits, showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profiles of catalase, total and isoenzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidants, the role of Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione contents were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsaicinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.

scholarly journals The role of glutathione reductase in maintaining human granulocyte function and sensitivity to exogenous H2O2

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
HJ Cohen ◽  
EH Tape ◽  
J Novak ◽  
ME Chovaniec ◽  
P Liegey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Granulocyte Function ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Exogenous H2o2

Human granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species while undergoing phagocytosis. To examine the role of the glutathione cycle in metabolizing H2O2, we incubated PMN with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU). Incubation of PMN with BCNU results in a dose-dependent inhibition of PMN glutathione reductase (GRED), with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 2 micrograms/mL BCNU. PMN hexose monophosphate shunt activity stimulated with an exogenous H2O2-generating system was inhibited only when the GRED activity was reduced to less than 30% of control. BCNU-treated cells contained lower levels of reduced sulfhydryls and reduced glutathione, which decreased even more in the presence of an exogenous H2O2-generating system. The effect of BCNU and exogenous H2O2 on various aspects of phagocytosis were examined. Exposure of BCNU-treated PMN to an H2O2-generating system resulted in an inhibition of chemotactic peptide-induced shape changes and degranulation. The ability of BCNU-treated cells to produce O2- was diminished only when the PMN were incubated with an H2O2-generating system in the presence of cyanide. Ingestion of opsonized bacteria by BCNU-treated PMN was unaffected by incubation in an H2O2-generating system even in the presence of cyanide. We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system.

Role of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle in Paraquat Tolerance of Rice

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-You Tseng ◽  
Jen-Fu Ou ◽  
Ching-Yuh Wang
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Mutant Lines

Out of 1,343 mutant lines of rice mutated by sodium azide from the parental Japonica-type variety ‘Tainung 67’ (TNG67), a paraquat-susceptible line 1192 and a paraquat-tolerant line 72 were selected using whole seedlings at the four-leaf stage and leaf segments at the tillering stage as test materials. Further selection from progenies of these two mutant lines yielded the susceptible 1192-11 (S) and tolerant 72-16 (T), which were studied herein. Chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation were measured for leaf segments of rice following treatment with 0.1 mM paraquat. A comparison of these responses among the three rice lines (TNG67, 72-16, and 1192-11), revealed a higher tolerance to paraquat in the tolerant mutant line 72-16 and the parental variety TNG67 than in the susceptible mutant 1192-11. Analysis of the antioxidative system in paraquat-treated leaf segments showed that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of GSH to total glutathione increased by 3.5-fold within 6 h after treatment (HAT) and up to 5-fold 9 HAT in the T line, as compared with the S line. In view of the high activities of both dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in paraquat-treated leaves of TNG67 and the T line, the antioxidative effect of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle is hereby proposed to play an essential role in paraquat tolerance of rice. Pretreatment of rice segments with spermine enhanced DHAR and GR activities as well as paraquat tolerance of the S line. These results suggest that the activity of ascorbate–glutathione cycle induced by spermine is involved in rice tolerance to this herbicide. Although kinetics studies showed no significant difference among the three rice lines in paraquat inhibition of GR, a lower affinity of enzyme to substrate (Km) in TNG67 and the T line and a higher maximal reaction rate (Vmax) in the T line for the oxidized glutathione substrate (GSSG) were detected. These observations further implicate the importance of glutathione reductase in paraquat tolerance of rice.

Emerging Role of Polyamines in Plant Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Khajuria ◽  
Nandni Sharma ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj ◽  
Puja Ohri
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Beyond Arabidopsis: BBX Regulators in Crop Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2906
Author(s):  
Urszula Talar ◽  
Agnieszka Kiełbowicz-Matuk
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Unique Domain ◽  
Clock Mechanism

B-box proteins represent diverse zinc finger transcription factors and regulators forming large families in various plants. A unique domain structure defines them—besides the highly conserved B-box domains, some B-box (BBX) proteins also possess CCT domain and VP motif. Based on the presence of these specific domains, they are mostly classified into five structural groups. The particular members widely differ in structure and fulfill distinct functions in regulating plant growth and development, including seedling photomorphogenesis, the anthocyanins biosynthesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and hormonal pathways. Several BBX proteins are additionally involved in biotic and abiotic stress response. Overexpression of some BBX genes stimulates various stress-related genes and enhanced tolerance to different stresses. Moreover, there is evidence of interplay between B-box and the circadian clock mechanism. This review highlights the role of BBX proteins as a part of a broad regulatory network in crop plants, considering their participation in development, physiology, defense, and environmental constraints. A description is also provided of how various BBX regulators involved in stress tolerance were applied in genetic engineering to obtain stress tolerance in transgenic crops.

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