scholarly journals Beyond Microcystins: Cyanobacterial Extracts Induce Cytoskeletal Alterations in Rice Root Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Pappas ◽  
Manthos Panou ◽  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis ◽  
Spyros Gkelis ◽  
Emmanuel Panteris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Plant Cytoskeleton

Microcystins (MCs) are cyanobacterial toxins and potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), which are involved in plant cytoskeleton (microtubules and F-actin) organization. Therefore, studies on the toxicity of cyanobacterial products on plant cells have so far being focused on MCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracts from 16 (4 MC-producing and 12 non-MC-producing) cyanobacterial strains from several habitats, on various enzymes (PP1, trypsin, elastase), on the plant cytoskeleton and H2O2 levels in Oryza sativa (rice) root cells. Seedling roots were treated for various time periods (1, 12 and 24h) with aqueous cyanobacterial extracts and underwent either immunostaining for α-tubulin or staining of F-actin with fluorescent phalloidin. DCF-DA staining was performed for H2O2 imaging. The enzyme assays confirmed the bioactivity of the extracts of not only MC-rich (MC+), but also MC-devoid (MC-) extracts, which induced major time-dependent alterations on both components of the plant cytoskeleton. These findings suggest that a broad spectrum of bioactive cyanobacterial compounds, apart from MCs or other known cyanotoxins (such as cylindrospermopsin), can affect plants by disrupting the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Beyond Microcystins: Cyanobacterial Extracts Induce Cytoskeletal Alterations in Rice Root Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9649
Author(s):  
Dimitris Pappas ◽  
Manthos Panou ◽  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis ◽  
Spyros Gkelis ◽  
Emmanuel Panteris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Plant Cytoskeleton

Microcystins (MCs) are cyanobacterial toxins and potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), which are involved in plant cytoskeleton (microtubules and F-actin) organization. Therefore, studies on the toxicity of cyanobacterial products on plant cells have so far been focused on MCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracts from 16 (4 MC-producing and 12 non-MC-producing) cyanobacterial strains from several habitats, on various enzymes (PP1, trypsin, elastase), on the plant cytoskeleton and H2O2 levels in Oryza sativa (rice) root cells. Seedling roots were treated for various time periods (1, 12, and 24 h) with aqueous cyanobacterial extracts and underwent either immunostaining for α-tubulin or staining of F-actin with fluorescent phalloidin. 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining was performed for H2O2 imaging. The enzyme assays confirmed the bioactivity of the extracts of not only MC-rich (MC+), but also MC-devoid (MC−) extracts, which induced major time-dependent alterations on both components of the plant cytoskeleton. These findings suggest that a broad spectrum of bioactive cyanobacterial compounds, apart from MCs or other known cyanotoxins (such as cylindrospermopsin), can affect plants by disrupting the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Myosin-dependent endoplasmic reticulum motility and F-actin organization in plant cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (15) ◽  
pp. 6894-6899 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ueda ◽  
E. Yokota ◽  
N. Kutsuna ◽  
T. Shimada ◽  
K. Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Actin Organization

Actin organization during the cell cycle in meristematic plant cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Clayton ◽  
Clive W. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Actin Organization

scholarly journals Cytogenetic impact of sodium chloride stress on root cells of Vigna radiata L. seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabeen Farheen ◽  
Simeen Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Metaphase Stage ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

AbstractObjectivesThe high salinization stress to seedling is the substantial ecological problem in the ongoing era. It negatively influences the growth that retard mitotic division by enhancing aberrations in nuclear chromatin. In the light of these views, the current work was designed to investigate the response of Vigna seedlings root tip cells to the presence of NaCl ions.Materials and methodsNM-92 and NM19-19 seeds were imbibed separately in distilled water for 24 h and allowed to grow into 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mM NaCl solution for 24 h. Excised root tips were stained, and slides were scored at 100× objective for the mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations.ResultsOur data demonstrated that as NaCl molarity increased, the MI was declined along with various chromatin abnormalities. The 150 mM of NaCl showed more lagging (69%) of chromosomes during anaphase in NM19-19. The highest stickiness at metaphase stage (68%) was found in 250 mM NaCl in variety NM19-19. However, both varieties were differed non-significantly for c-mitosis that was recorded 99% at 350 mM NaCl concentration.ConclusionsThe NaCl ions toxicity induced various cytological anomalies in seedling roots that adversely affect the growth of Vigna seedlings.

scholarly journals Dynamic continuity of cytoplasmic and membrane compartments between plant cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Baron-Epel ◽  
D Hernandez ◽  
L W Jiang ◽  
S Meiners ◽  
M Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Communication ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Compartments ◽  
Intercellular Movement ◽  
Soybean Cell

Fluorescence photobleaching was employed to examine the intercellular movement of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein between contiguous soybean root cells (SB-1 cell line) growing in tissue culture. Results of these experiments demonstrated movement of these fluorescent probes between cytoplasmic (symplastic) compartments. This symplastic transport was inhibited with Ca2+ in the presence of ionophore A23187, and also with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Both of these agents have previously been demonstrated to inhibit gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication in animal cells. In a companion experiment, a fluorescent phospholipid analogue, N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC), was incorporated into soybean cell membranes to examine whether dynamic membrane continuity existed between contacting cells, a transport route not existing between animal cells. Photobleaching single soybean cells growing in a filamentous strand demonstrated that phospholipid did exchange between contiguous cells.

Cosmological Models in Lyra Geometry with Linearly Varying Deceleration Parameter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani Desikan
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Displacement Field ◽  
Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Lyra Geometry ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Linearly Varying Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Frw Model ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Universe

Cosmological models with linearly varying deceleration parameter in the cosmological theory based on Lyra’s geometry have been discussed. Exact solutions have been obtained for a spatially flat FRW model by considering a time dependent displacement field. We have also obtained the time periods during which the universe undergoes decelerated and accelerated expansions for a matter-dominated universe.

scholarly journals Studies in The Metabolism of Plant Cells

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Weeks ◽  
RN Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Oxidase System

It has been established with the use of the enzyme inhibitor carbon monoxidethat the cyanide-sensitive salt respiration in carrot root cells is mediatedby the cytochrome-cytochrome oxidase system. The cyanide-stable ground respirationis not mediated by the cytochrome-cytochfome oxidase system.

scholarly journals 564 Screening Commercial Peat and Peat-based Products for the Presence of Ericoid Mycorrhizae

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 493B-493
Author(s):  
Mark Starrett
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Ericoid Fungi

A study was conducted to investigate the presence of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in select peat and peat-based products. Vaccinium corymbosum, a known host of ericoid fungi, was used as a model plant. Peat and peat-based products were obtained from all major sources that supply the northeastern United States. Seedling roots were examined and average percent colonization was determined for each sample. Results indicate that these fungi are present in the majority of peat and peat-based media tested. Seedlings grown in some of the selected media exhibited an increased percentage of colonized root cells. Mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots of test plants were isolated. These fungi exhibited typical ericoid fungal growth characteristics.

scholarly journals Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17399-17408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Durand-Smet ◽  
Tamsin A. Spelman ◽  
Elliot M. Meyerowitz ◽  
Henrik Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Persistence Length ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Cytoskeletal Organization ◽  
Actin Organization

The cytoskeleton plays a key role in establishing robust cell shape. In animals, it is well established that cell shape can also influence cytoskeletal organization. Cytoskeletal proteins are well conserved between animal and plant kingdoms; nevertheless, because plant cells exhibit major structural differences to animal cells, the question arises whether the plant cytoskeleton also responds to geometrical cues. Recent numerical simulations predicted that a geometry-based rule is sufficient to explain the microtubule (MT) organization observed in cells. Due to their high flexural rigidity and persistence length of the order of a few millimeters, MTs are rigid over cellular dimensions and are thus expected to align along their long axis if constrained in specific geometries. This hypothesis remains to be testedin cellulo. Here, we explore the relative contribution of geometry to the final organization of actin and MT cytoskeletons in single plant cells ofArabidopsis thaliana. We show that the cytoskeleton aligns with the long axis of the cells. We find that actin organization relies on MTs but not the opposite. We develop a model of self-organizing MTs in three dimensions, which predicts the importance of MT severing, which we confirm experimentally. This work is a first step toward assessing quantitatively how cellular geometry contributes to the control of cytoskeletal organization in living plant cells.

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