scholarly journals A Seasonal Field Investigation to Perceive Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Thermal Adaption at Malacca Tourist Area- A Pilot Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnoosh Manteghi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Different Seasons

Season plays a key role in the development of outdoor spaces for pedestrians in hot humid cities. This research studies the influence of seasonal variations on pedestrian thermal comfort on the pedestrian level by means of meteorology and field observations of selected footpaths in the major tourist area of Malacca. This experiment was carried out on selected clear calm days indicative of each season during the development of a research project, and hourly meteorological transects from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm and questioned 200 respondents on their thermal awareness, comfort, and preferences were conducted. Adaptation, thermal comfort vote, thermal preference, age, season and hour of the day were significant non-meteorological factors, apart from meteorological information. The findings of analyzes showed that the thermal experience and expectation existed and in different seasons people changed perceptions for the outside thermal environment. Almost 80% local tourist and 55 % international tourist was accepted Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) range affected by the local climate and thermal adaptation. The subjective thermal sensation on physiological equivalent temperature generated an acceptable physiological equivalent temperature of 32.6°C to 36.8°C based on the seasonal variations for Malacca tourist zone in Malaysia. These findings shed light on the optimal design of outdoor spaces for increasing the utilization rate. The seasonal variation must be taken into account so that the outdoor landscape design provides more opportunities for different seasons to communicate with the atmosphere and so enhance thermal comfort and utilization.

A Pilot Test to Analyse the Differences of Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Between Locals and Internationals in Malacca Heritage Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-341
Author(s):  
Golnoosh Manteghi ◽  
Tasneem Mostofa ◽  
Hasanuddin Bin Lamit
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Outdoor Spaces

The present study aims to establish a correlation between the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and subjective thermal sensation in the Tropics, assessing their impact on local as well as international pedestrians. The pilot test was conducted in six scenarios in the Malacca region of Malaysia. The RayMan model calculated the PET, which is further used to synthetically evaluate the thermal environment for six scenarios, each with a different river width and pavement material. The independent t-test and regression analysis determined the correlation between human thermal comfort acceptability and the thermal environment indices of outdoor spaces. Most of the outdoor thermal comfort assessments have been carried out focusing on local urban residents, while the same assessments on tourists are limited. This research provides necessary insight into the perception of outdoor microclimatic conditions in the Malacca heritage area and also identifies the perception on a few important psychological factors of these two demographic groups. An awareness of such issues would be fruitful for architects, planners and urban designers engaged in the process of designing and planning tourist destinations.

scholarly journals In-situ Measurement of Pedestrian Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Universities Campus of Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurnida Elmira Othman ◽  
Sheikh Ahmad Zaki ◽  
Nurul Huda Ahmad ◽  
Azli Razak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Sky View Factor

The present study is intended to evaluate an outdoor thermal comfort at two universities campus in Malaysia. Field measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted simultaneously to assess the microclimatic condition and pedestrian thermal sensation. A total of 3033 samples were collected at seven different sky view factor (SVF) values that range from 0.2 to 0.9. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was estimated to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. It was observed that at a highly shaded area (SVF < 0.35) the respondent’s thermal sensation vote (TSV) are neutral (> 25%), acceptable for thermal acceptance vote (TAV) (> 50%) and no change (> 50%) for thermal preference vote (TPV). For moderate shaded (0.35 ≤ SVF ≤ 0.70) TSV was voted as hot (> 25%), acceptable for TAV (40%), and prefer slightly cooler for TPV (>50%). For less shaded area (0.70 < SVF ≤ 1), TSV was voted as hot and very hot (> 25%), acceptable for TAV (>40%) and prefer slightly cooler for TPV (> 40%). Moreover, the PET value increases simultaneously with the increase of SVF. Results thus suggest that at any given activities such as sitting, walking, and standing also caused effects slightly on the way people thermally perceive it during the on-campus daytime.

scholarly journals Forecasting of outdoor thermal comfort index in urban open spaces: The Nis fortress case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic ◽  
Ana Vukadinovic ◽  
Jasmina Radosavljevic ◽  
Meysam Alizamirc ◽  
Mihajlo Mitkovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Learning Machine

Outdoor thermal environment is affected by variables like air temperature, wind velocity, humidity, temperature of the radiant surfaces, and solar radiation, which can be expressed by a single number - the thermal index. Since these variables are subject to annual and diurnal variations, prediction of thermal comfort is of special importance for people to plan their outdoor activities. The purpose of this research was to develop and apply the extreme learning machine for forecasting physiological equivalent temperature values. The results of the extreme learning machine model were compared with genetic programming and artificial neural network. The reliability of the computational models was accessed based on simulation results and using several statistical indicators. According to obtained results, it can be concluded that extreme learning machine can be utilized effectively in short term forecasting of physiological equivalent temperature.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Coupling Microclimatic Parameters with Subjective Thermal Assessment to Design Urban Performative Spaces

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Elnabawi ◽  
Neveen Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Shading Devices

Thermal comfort plays a main role in encouraging people to use outdoor spaces, specifically in hot arid and humid climates. The reconciliation of climatic aspects during the urban design phase is limited in implementation, due to the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between desperate scientific fields of climatology, urban planning, and urban environmental modelling. This paper aims to create an integrated interface between the microclimate, outdoor thermal comfort, and design guidelines. The investigation combines subjective and objective approaches, including on-site field measurements, a structured questionnaire using the seven-point American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE 55) thermal sensation votes, and a correlation study of these votes and the microclimatic parameters. Pedestrian thermal comfort was then examined under six shading scenarios, addressing the form and opening of shading devices using computational fluid dynamics. Modelling is based on four dependent variables: wind velocity, ventilation flow rate, air temperature, and the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index. Findings indicate that the form and location of apertures of the shading devices were the dominant factors in achieving thermal comfort on the urban scale, and led to a reduction in air temperature and a physiological equivalent temperature of 2.3–2.4 °C. Subjective votes indicate that people who live in hot arid climates have a wider range of adaptation and tolerance to local climatic conditions Accordingly, a psychometric chart, for the case study outdoor thermal comfort was developed.

scholarly journals Assessing The Thermal Comfort Conditions In Open Spaces: A Transversal Field Survey On The University Campus In India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) promotes the usage frequency of public places, recreational activities, and people's wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in OTC research in the past decade, less attention has been paid to OTC research in cold weather, especially in arid regions. The present study investigates the OTC conditions in open spaces at the campus area in the arid region. The study was conducted by using subjective surveys(questionnaire) and onsite monitoring (microclimate parameters). The study was conducted at the Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana-India campus during the cold season of 2019. The timings of surveys were between 9:00 and 17:00 hours. The authors processed the 185 valid questionnaire responses of the respondents to analyze OTC conditions. Only 8.6% of the respondents marked their perceived sensation "Neutral." Regression analysis was applied between respondents' thermal sensations and microclimate parameters to develop the empirical thermal sensation model. The air temperature was the most dominant parameter affecting the sensations of the respondents. The empirical model indicated that by increasing air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, the thermal sensations also increased while wind speed had an opposite effect. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied for assessing the OTC conditions; the neutral PET range was found to be 18.42-25.37°C with a neutral temperature of 21.89°C. The preferred temperature was 21.99 °C by applying Probit analysis. The study's findings could provide valuable information in designing and planning outdoor spaces for educational institutions in India's arid regions

Outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical coastal tourist resort in Haikou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjing Shang ◽  
Xinyu Huang ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Maoquan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Considering the importance of thermal comfort in decision-making in tourism, a transverse study involving micrometeorological measurements and questionnaires was performed at a popular coastal destination during the seasons of spring, autumn and winter. We examined the thermal sensation and thermal acceptability using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET). The results indicate that tourists’ thermal sensations varied with the season and the neutral PETs were 19.2°C, 23.8°C and 23.3°C in winter, spring and autumn. The 90% acceptable ranges of the PET affected by the local climate were 19.6–29.5°C during the entire three-season survey period, 21.4–27.1°C in the spring, 19.2–32°C in the autumn and more than 15.9°C in the winter. The analysis of microclimate parameters that affect thermal comfort in three seasons reveals that people expected weaker solar radiation, stronger wind and lower humidity with the air temperature rising, and vice versa. The acceptable range of wind speed was 0.6–2.5 m/s in winter, 0.6–3.5 m/s in spring and autumn. The acceptable range of solar radiation was 0–150 W/m2 in autumn and 0–250 W/m2 in winter. These findings contribute to the better designs for coastal facilities and the thermal comfort of tropical areas.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort at a University Campus: Studies from Personal and Long-Term Thermal History Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9284
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Shu Nuke Sani ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Winter Climate

Thermally comfortable outdoor spaces have contributed to high-quality urban living. In order to provide a further understanding of the influences of gender and long-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort, this study conducted field surveys at a university campus in Shanghai, China by carrying out microclimatic monitoring and subjective questionnaires from May to October, 2019. The analysis of collected data found that, during our survey, 57% of the occupants felt comfortable overall and 40–60% of them perceived the microclimate variables (air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed) as “neutral”. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) provided a better correlation with occupant thermal sensation than the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Females were more sensitive to the outdoor thermal environment than males. Older age led to lower thermal sensation, but the thermal sensitivities for age groups of <20, 20–50, and >50 were similar. Occupants who had resided in Shanghai for a longer period showed higher overall comfort rating and lower thermal sensation. Interviewees who came from hot summer and cold winter climate regions were less effected by the change of UTCI than those from severe cold or cold climate regions.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Farhadur Reza ◽  
◽  
Shoichi Kojima ◽  
Wataru Ando
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
University Spaces

Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.

Improvement of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort by Water Spraying in a High-Density Urban Environment under the Influence of a Future (2050) Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7811
Author(s):  
Ka-Ming Wai ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Tanya Zheng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
The Impact

Adaptation to prepare for adverse climate change impacts in the context of urban heat islands and outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) is receiving growing concern. However, knowledge of quantitative microclimatic conditions within the urban boundary layer in the future is still lacking, such that the introduction of adequate adaptation measures to increase OTC is challenging. To investigate the cooling performance of a water spraying system in a sub-tropical compact and high-rise built environment in summer under the influence of future (2050) climatic conditions, results from two validated models (Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) and ENVI-met models) have been used and analyzed. Our results indicate that the spraying system provides cooling of 2–3 °C for ambient air temperature at the pedestrian-level of the urban canyons considered here, which benefits pedestrians. However, improvement of the OTC in terms of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET—a better indicator of human thermal sensation) was noticeable (e.g., <42 °C or from very hot to hot) when the urban canyon was orientated parallel to the prevailing wind direction only. This implies that in order to improve city resilience in terms of heat stress, more holistic adaptation measures in urban planning are needed. This includes the introduction of more breezeways and building disposition to facilitate the urban ventilation, as well as urban tree arrangement and sunshades to reduce direct solar radiation to plan for the impact of future climate change.

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