scholarly journals Designing in the Cultural Rural Landscape. A Teaching Opportunity to Experiment a Research-by-Design Process Applied to an Italian UNESCO Wine Site

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dezio ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Yilan Zhang ◽  
Davide Marino
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Unesco Site

Rural landscapes all over the world are subject to great transformations, first of all the continuous and slow depopulation of land and villages. It is a dramatic phenomenon that causes devastating consequences for environmental systems and for the tangible and intangible heritage of entire territories. The situation becomes more ambiguous when it comes to cultural landscapes, especially those internationally recognized as exceptional (i.e. inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List). In this case, the risk is to abandon agricultural production in favor of consumerist tourist economies, which can damage the territorial authenticity. In this paper we question the role of the landscape project in strengthening territorial resilience. In particular, a composite and interdependent action is proposed between landscape design and implementation of a multifunctional agriculture model, oriented towards teaching and tourism. To undertake this investigation, a master's thesis work on Landscape Architecture is examined, as an opportunity for a research-by-design method. The application case is the Italian UNESCO site of Vignale Monferrato, a depopulated rural village, characterized by abandoned land and buildings. The paper concludes by outlining replicability application scenarios for the proposed model.

scholarly journals The Role of Landscape Design in Cultural Rural Areas. A Didactic Exercise to Experiment a Research-by-Design Process Applied to an Italian UNESCO Wine Site

Architecture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Catherine Dezio ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Yilan Zhang ◽  
Davide Marino
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Unesco Site

Rural landscapes all over the world are subject to great transformations, first being the continuous and slow depopulation of towns and villages. It is a dramatic phenomenon that causes devastating consequences for environmental systems and for the tangible and intangible heritage of entire territories. The situation becomes more ambiguous when it comes to cultural landscapes, especially those internationally recognized as exceptional (i.e., inscribed on the UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List). In this case, the risk is to abandon agricultural production in favor of consumerist tourist economies, which can damage the territorial authenticity. In this paper, we question the role of the landscape design in strengthening territorial resilience. In particular, a composite and interdependent action has been proposed between landscape design and implementation of a multifunctional agriculture model, oriented towards tourism. To undertake this investigation, a master’s thesis work on Landscape Architecture has been examined as an opportunity to test the research-by-design method through the didactic process. The application case is the Italian UNESCO site of Vignale Monferrato, a depopulated rural village, characterized by abandoned land and buildings. The paper concludes by outlining replicability application scenarios for the proposed model.

scholarly journals High Nature Value Farming Systems and Protected Areas: Conservation Opportunities or Land Abandonment? A Study Case in the Madrid Region (Spain)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
María F. Schmitz ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Social Ecological

European rural landscapes contain high nature value farmlands that, in addition to being the main economic activity in many rural areas, host habitats and species of great conservation value. The maintenance of these farming systems largely depends on traditional ecological knowledge and the rural lifestyles of the local populations. However, they have not been sufficiently appreciated and protected, and as a result, they are currently threatened. In this study, which was performed in the Madrid region (central Spain), we analyse the social-ecological changes of the rural landscape after the establishment of a protected natural area network. The obtained results highlight a significant loss of these high nature value farming systems and a marked increase in the rewilding processes characterised by scrub–forest transition and the development of forest systems. These processes are linked to the disruption of the transmission of traditional ecological knowledge, which may imply negative consequences for both the high biocultural diversity that these systems host and the cultural identity and the socioeconomics of the rural populations that live there. A useful methodological tool is provided for social–ecological land planning and the design of effective management strategies for the conservation of rural cultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Rural Landscape Changes in the Piedmont Region (Italy). A Method for the Interpretation of Possible Effects of CAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13062
Author(s):  
Enrico Gottero
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Piedmont Region

As a result of various regulatory reforms, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has gradually achieved value and environmental awareness. However, the most recent studies carried out in the fields of environmental assessment and spatial planning seem to indicate that agricultural policies have not been very effective in achieving landscape aims. Understanding how the CAP affects the landscape can help us to improve its effectiveness and foster a more efficient territorial and targeted approach. This paper aims to show a replicable method for evaluating rural landscape changes and understanding the possible role of CAP as one of the main driving forces. The analysis was conducted in the Piedmont Region (Italy) at the supra-local and local scales by observing land use changes and landscape changes. The main results show that the CAP seems quite effective in maintaining the territorial presence on rural landscapes and in preventing the spread of forests. However, it seems less effective in limiting urban and peri-urban sprawl. The research also shows that in areas with high CAP support, factors that produce negative effects on landscape have increased. In conclusion, the author shows a possible way for the CAP to achieve the landscape purposes.

scholarly journals Methods of Historical Landscape Structures Identification and Implementation into Landscape Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Slámová ◽  
Peter Jančura ◽  
Dušan Daniš
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractSlamova M., Jančura P., Daniš D.: Methods of historical landscape structures identification and implementation into landscape studies. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 3, p. , 267-276, 2013. Valuable historical rural landscapes are found in the sub-mountainous and mountainous regions of the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia. Authors contributed to the research about historical landscape structures (HLS) by several methods. Method of ‘identification and assessment of characteristic landscape’ was developed in order to provide maintenance to about HLS and improve application of responsibilities resulting from the European Landscape Convention (Florence, 2000) into practice of landscape planning. We bring a new perspective on landscape’s value identification in the field of landscape ecology. The main aim of the paper is identification of HLS as components of land cover structures in the cadastral area of Budina (agrarian terraces) and as micro-relief forms in Nižna Boca (mines). Studied areas represent two different rural landscape types which contain different values related to HLS and they are not especially protected by laws. We evaluate attributes of relief, visual-optometric parameters of landscape, landscape types, land cover structures and types of HLS. Maintenance about HLS in landscape is important for the preservation of unique types of cultural landscapes. Finally, we compare realisations of the visions, suggested in previous landscape studies, which concentrated on development of tourism in the studied areas.

Levende cultuurlandschappen als Werelderfgoed

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-184
Author(s):  
HANS RENES
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World

Continuing landscapes as World Heritage The World Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO in 1972, in a period of growing awareness of the international dimensions of environment and heritage. However, it was also a period in which European visions of heritage were still dominant, for example on themes such as authenticity and the distinction between nature and culture. The World Heritage List, resulting from the Convention, put the initiative for inscriptions by state parties, leading to a bias towards unproblematic and tourism-oriented objects. In all these aspects, almost half a century of discussions brought changing ideas. The European emphasis on material authenticity and the division between nature and culture were challenged by practices from Asia and Africa. The role of the nation state became less important by global exchanges of ideas and by local and regional initiatives. The protection of cultural landscapes, particularly that of ‘living’ or ‘continuing’ landscapes, was only possible by a movement from protection towards ‘management of change’. The problem of management of such landscapes is illustrated in five case studies of cultural landscapes that are, or prepare to be, World Heritage Sites: Dresden, the rice terraces of the Cordilleras, the Beemster polder, the Altes Land near Hamburg and the Dutch/Belgian Colonies of Benevolence. The conclusion is that change within World Heritage Sites is possible but needs to be done with caution and with a sense of quality, preferably by involving landscape architects. Rather than the authentic remains of an original situation, the argument should be based on ideas such as layeredness of landscapes and path dependency in developments.

Social Networking Sites Continuance: An Application of Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Moderating Role

Social networking sites (SNSs) have become popular in India with the proliferation of Internet. SNSs have gained the interests of academicians and researchers. The current study is an endeavor to understand the continuance of social networking sites in India. The study applies an extended version of theory of planned behavior. Additional factors privacy concerns and habits were incorporated into the standard theory of planned behaviour. A survey was conducted in a Central University in India. Overall, data was collected from 150 respondents. PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed model. All the hypotheses except the moderating role of habits between intentions and continued use of social networking sites, were supported by the results. Habits were found to affect continued use of social networking sites indirectly through continued intentions.

Light-Induced Metastable Defects in a-Si:H: Towards an Understanding

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stutzmann ◽  
Warren B. Jackson ◽  
Chuang Chuang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Kinetic Behaviour ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

AbstractThe dependence of the creation and the annealing of metastable dangling bonds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon on various material parameters will be discussed in the context of a recently proposed model. After a brief review of the kinetic behaviour governing defect creation and annealing in undoped a- Si:H, a number of special cases will be analyzed: the influence of alloying with O, N, C, and Ge, changes introduced by doping and compensation, and the role of mechanical stress. Finally, possibilities to increase the stability of a-Si:H based devices will be examined.

The End of Sharecropping in Central Italy after 1945: The Role of Mechanisation in the Changing Relationship between Peasant Families and Land

Rural History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
STUART OGLETHORPE
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Push Factor

Abstract:This article focuses on the mechanisation of agriculture in central Italy in the thirty years or so after 1945. This provides a particular way of examining the major changes in the rural landscape in this period, especially the end of the sharecropping system. Land in these regions had for centuries been predominantly farmed under sharecropping contracts, but for political, economic, and demographic reasons this system, which had inhibited modernisation, entered a rapid decline. Whereas labour supply had previously exceeded demand, the reverse became the case, allowing sharecropping families more freedom in how they operated. Mechanisation was not a ‘push’ factor, but as the agricultural labour force contracted it was a necessary response. The article uses individual testimony to illustrate how tenant farmers started to work outside the sharecropping contract, some becoming outside contractors with other farms and supplying tractor hire. The mechanisation of agriculture was slow and uneven, but marked an irreversible change in the relationship between farming families and their land.

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