scholarly journals Use of Stem Implanted Bioherbicide Capsules to Manage an Infestation of Parkinsonia aculeata in Northern Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Joseph Galea
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Parkinsonia Aculeata ◽  
Untreated Plant

An infestation of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) located on Alexandria Station, Northern Territory, Australia was successfully treated with a bioherbicide using stem implanted capsules. The bioherbicide containing three endemic endophytic fungi (Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina and Neoscytalidium novaehollan-diae) is the first Australian registered woody weed bioherbicide. The product was effectively administered to the plant stems using a mechanical device, resulting in subsequent development of a dieback event, which, after a period of establishment, has moved through the adjacent untreated plant population resulting in significant decline in infestation vigour and reduced recruitment. This is the first report of large-scale management of parkinsonia by this method.

scholarly journals Use of Stem Implanted Bioherbicide Capsules to Manage an Infestation of Parkinsonia aculeata in Northern Australia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Victor J. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Parkinsonia Aculeata ◽  
First Report

An infestation of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) located on Alexandria Station, Northern Territory, Australia, was successfully treated with a bioherbicide using stem-implanted capsules. The bioherbicide (Di-Bak Parkinsonia®), containing three endemic endophytic fungi (Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae), is the first Australian registered woody weed bioherbicide. The product was effectively administered to the plant stems using a mechanical device, resulting in the subsequent development of a dieback event. After a period of establishment, it progressed through an adjacent untreated population, resulting in a significant decline in infestation vigour and preventing recruitment from the seedbank. This is the first report of large-scale management of parkinsonia by this method.

scholarly journals The Acquisition of Murrinhpatha (Northern Australia)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Forshaw ◽  
Lucinda Davidson ◽  
Barbara Kelly ◽  
Rachel Nordlinger ◽  
Gillian Wigglesworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Complex Predicate ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
River Region

This chapter reports on initial findings of an ongoing large-scale research project into the acquisition of Murrinhpatha, a polysynthetic language of the Daly River region of the Northern Territory of Australia with complex morphology. The complex verbal structures in Murrinhpatha, which can contain a large number of morphemes and bipartite stem morphology discontinuously distributed throughout the verbal template, raise a multitude of questions for acquisition. In this chapter we focus particularly on the acquisition of the complex predicate system in the verb, and the acquisition of subject-marking categories and tense/aspect/mood. Our findings are based on the language development of five Murrinhpatha acquiring children aged from 2;7–4;11 years.

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Lightning Strikes and Their Relationship with Vegetation Type, Elevation, and Fire Scars in the Northern Territory

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Kilinc ◽  
Jason Beringer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Lightning Strikes

Abstract In this paper the authors explore the spatial and temporal patterns of lightning strikes in northern Australia for the first time. In particular, the possible relationships between lightning strikes and elevation, vegetation type, and fire scars (burned areas) are examined. Lightning data provided by the Bureau of Meteorology were analyzed for a 6-yr period (1998–2003) over the northern, southern, and coastal regions of the Northern Territory (NT) through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of lightning strikes. It was determined that the highest densities of lightning strikes occurred during the monsoon transitional period (dry to wet) and during the active monsoon periods, when atmospheric moisture is highest. For the period of this study, lightning was far more prevalent over the northern region (1.21 strikes per km2 yr−1) than over the southern (0.58 strikes per km2 yr−1) and coastal regions (0.71 strikes per km2 yr−1). Differences in vegetation cover were suggested to influence the lightning distribution over the northern region of the NT, but no relationship was found in the southern region. Lightning strikes in the southern region showed a positive relationship with elevations above 800 m, but no relationship was found in the northern region, which could be due to the low-lying topography of the area. A comparison of lightning densities between burned and unburned areas showed high variability; however, the authors suggest that, under ideal atmospheric conditions, large-scale fire scars (>500 m) could produce lightning strikes triggered by either enhanced free convection or mesoscale circulations.

Description and paleobiogeographic significance of a rare Cenomanian molluscan faunule from Bathurst Island, northern Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Stilwell ◽  
Robert A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Deposit Feeding

A middle Cenomanian faunule from the Moonkinu Formation of Bathurst Island in Northern Australia contains the best-preserved suite of benthic Mollusca known from the Cretaceous of the Australian region. Twenty-four species of bivalves, gastropods, and scaphopods, many exquisitely preserved with original aragonitic nacre, are recognized. Thirteen are new: Nucula s.l. meadinga n. sp. (Nuculidae), Nuculana bathurstensis n. sp. (Nuculanidae), Jupiteria? n. sp. A (Nuculanidae), Varicorbula cretaustrina n. sp. (Corbulidae), Vanikoropsis demipleurus n. sp. (Vanikoridae), Euspira n. sp. A (Naticidae), Amuletum praeturriformis n. sp. (Turridae), Granosolarium cretasteum n. sp. (Architectonicidae), Echinimathilda moonkinua n. sp. (Mathildidae), Acteon bathurstensis n. sp. (Acteonidae), Biplica antichthona n. sp. (Ringiculidae), Goniocylichna australocylindricata n. sp. (Cylichnidae), and Dentalium (Dentalium) n. sp. A (Dentaliidae). Nominal species of Nuculana, Grammatodon, Cylichna, and Laevidentalium also are present. The occurrence of ammonites, including taxa that occur in the type Cenomanian, securely establishes the fauna as middle Cenomanian (Acanthoceras rhotomagense Zone). The Moonkinu Formation and its faunule were deposited in a high-energy, shallow-shelfal setting, as part of a large-scale regressive cycle recognized as the Money Shoals Platform of northern Australia. The assemblage represents a parauthochthonous suite which experienced little or no post mortem transport. Epifaunal and infaunal suspension feeders (some 60 percent) dominate the bivalve fauna with a subordinate representation of deposit-feeding infaunal burrowers (some 40 percent). Nearly all of the gastopods were carnivores with the aporrhaid Latiala mountnorrisi (Skwarko), probably a deposit feeder, the only exception. The scaphopods were probably micro-carnivores. Concentrations of the ammonite Sciponoceras glaessneri are likely the result of mass kills in surface waters. The cosmopolitan nature of the Bathurst Island fauna at the genus-level reflects unrestricted oceanic circulation patterns and an equitable climate on a global scale during the Cenomanian. The retreat and disappearance of the Australian epicontinental sea at the close of the Albian coincided with reduced endemism in the molluscan faunas, after which time the continental shelves hosted a rich suite of cosmopolitan affinity. The high number of endemic species in the Moonkinu Formation probably represents an early stage of broad-scale genetic separation among Southern Hemisphere molluscan stocks, a trend that became increasingly pronounced through the Late Cretaceous. The new records of Varicorbula, Amuletum, Granosolarium, Echinimathilda, and Goniocylichna represent the oldest occurrences recorded for these genera and are suggestive of Southern Hemisphere origins.

Parameters of Kava Used as a Challenge to Alcohol

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cawte
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Surprising Effect ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
High Level

The kava bowl, a traditional feature of Pacific Island societies, has been adopted and adapted by a number of Aboriginal (Yolngu) communities of northern Australia, where it was introduced in the hope that it would challenge alcohol. This paper reports a study of its usage at Elcho Island, Northern Territory. At the high level of intake in this community, medical effects hitherto unreported are being observed. Some, such as a condition of detachment, reminiscent of the archetypal ‘blissful indolence’ of the lotus-eaters of Greek tradition as limned by the poet Homer, are obvious to the lay observer. Other effects are apparently advantageous for the management of alcohol abuse and some forms of psychosis. A surprising effect is the occurrence of a pellagrinous reaction. These observations indicate that further studies of the clinical effects and the human metabolism of high dosage kava are needed. Looming over all are questions of pharmacology. Do the kava pyrones possess anxiolytic or antipsychotic properties? Do they indeed have the property for which Pacific missionaries introduced them to Australia, as an alternative to alcoholism?

Flooded rice soils of Northern Australia. 1. Changes in salinity

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Ion Species ◽  
Total Salinity

Soil salinity, pH, and Eh were determined in two soil types on the Adelaide River plains (Northern Territory) throughout the growing period of a rice crop. Both the total salinity, as indicated by specific conductivity values of the soil solution, and individual ion species were followed at 30 sites in each soil. The results demonstrated the existence of salt gradients within the soil profiles and these gradients, together with the total salt concentration and ion ratios, remained relatively constant throughout the growing season. The results are discussed in terms of experimental methods commonly employed for determining the effects of soil solution properties on rice culture.

A plethora of planigales: genetic variability and cryptic species in a genus of dasyurid marsupials from northern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Westerman ◽  
Mark J. Blacket ◽  
Ashley Hintz ◽  
Kyle Armstrong ◽  
Patricia A. Woolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Genetic Lineages

Multiple mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences reveal substantial genetic variation within the dasyurid marsupial genus Planigale, suggesting greater taxonomic diversity than is currently recognised. To further investigate planigale relationships 116 new mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, including 16 new specimens, were added to our database. We confirm the presence of an unrecognised species (Planigale ‘species 1’) limited to the Pilbara region of Western Australia and suggest that the ‘Mt Tom Price’ animals may be closely related to Planigale ingrami subtilissima. We also confirm that at least four distinct genetic lineages make up what is currently recognised as P. maculata. This complex of closely related taxa represents a radiation of sibling species rather than a single, genetically diverse one. Three of these lineages (M1 + M2, M3 and M4) are distributed sympatrically across the Top End of Australia and one (M5 = P. maculata sensu stricto) is localised to the eastern coast of Australia. Within the Planigale ingrami complex, Planigale ‘Mt Tom Price’ (lineage Ing. 1) occurs in the Pilbara in sympatry with Planigale ‘species 1’ and lineage Ing. 2 is found in the Northern Territory in sympatry with species of the P. maculata complex. There is thus a plethora of northern Australian planigales, many of which are formally undescribed and whose geographic ranges require careful re-evaluation.

Community-Based Strategies in Aboriginal Criminal Justice: The Northern Territory Experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Correctional Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Justice

Recent attempts to involve the remote and small town communities of Northern Australia in their own policing and correctional services have often been held up as a model for developing Aboriginal criminal justice policies. Such a proposal raises important questions as to both the construction of the post-colonial ‘community’ in remote and settled Australia and the sociological principles by which these criminal justice schemes (eg night patrols, community wardens, community corrections) have been constituted. The paper explores the constructions of the Aboriginal community over the past two decades (ethnographic, politico-administrative and postmodernist) as a background to the development and implementation of community-based criminal justice schemes in the Northern Territory. A typology of post-colonial criminal justice strategies is developed which identifies four ‘ideal types’ in which the initiatives may be positioned. These are the mediative (community wardens, night patrols), the educative (community justice programs), the neo-colonialist (new forms of imposed European laws and policing) and the incorporative (pervasive and totalising forms of control). The possibility of transposing these Northern Territory schemes to other Aboriginal situations is then critically evaluated in the light of differing socio-political constructions of ‘community’.

Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman C. Duke ◽  
John M. Kovacs ◽  
Anthony D. Griffiths ◽  
Luke Preece ◽  
Duncan J. E. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation

This study records and documents the most severe and notable instance ever reported of sudden and widespread dieback of mangrove vegetation. Between late 2015 and early 2016, extensive areas of mangrove tidal wetland vegetation died back along 1000km of the shoreline of Australia’s remote Gulf of Carpentaria. The cause is not fully explained, but the timing was coincident with an extreme weather event; notably one of high temperatures and low precipitation lacking storm winds. The dieback was severe and widespread, affecting more than 7400ha or 6% of mangrove vegetation in the affected area from Roper River estuary in the Northern Territory, east to Karumba in Queensland. At the time, there was an unusually lengthy period of severe drought conditions, unprecedented high temperatures and a temporary drop in sea level. Although consequential moisture stress appears to have contributed to the cause, this occurrence was further coincidental with heat-stressed coral bleaching. This article describes the effect and diagnostic features of this severe dieback event in the Gulf, and considers potential causal factors.

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