Galaxy Formation, Evolution and Rotation as a 4D Relativistic Cloud-World Embedded in a 4D Conformal Bulk: From String to Cloud Theory
The recent observation of the G2 gas cloud orbit around the galactic centre has challenged the model of a mere supermassive black hole that should have destroyed it. In addition, the Planck Legacy 2018 (PL18) release has preferred a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level exceeding 99%. In this study, the formation of a galaxy from the collapse of a supermassive gas cloud in the early Universe is modelled based on extended field equations as a 4D relativistic cloud-world that flows and spins through a 4D conformal bulk of an initial positive curvature considering the preference of the PL18 release. Owning to the curved background, this scenario of galaxy formation reveals that the core of the galaxy undergoes a forced vortex formation with a central event horizon leading to opposite vortices (traversable wormholes) that are spatially shrinking through evolving in the conformal time. It indicates that the galaxy and its core are formed at the same process where the surrounding gas clouds form the spiral arms due to the frame-dragging induced by the fast-rotating core. Further, the bulk conformal curvature evolution demonstrates the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to external fields exerted on galaxies as they travel through conformally curved space-time. Accordingly, the G2 gas cloud that only faced the drag effects could be explained if its orbit is around the vortex but at a distance from the central event horizon. These findings could explain the fast orbital speed of outer stars where the galaxy formation and its core simultaneously could explain the formation of the supermassive compact galaxy cores with a mass of ~109 M⊙ at just 6% of the current Universe age and thus could resolve the black hole hierarchy problem.