scholarly journals A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and is Deleterious to a New Host

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cornejo ◽  
Sakae Hisano ◽  
Helena Bragança ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Segmented Genome

Cryphonectria is a fungal genus associated with economically significant disease of trees. Herein we characterized a novel double-stranded RNA virus from the fungal species Cryphonectria naterciae, a species unexplored as a virus host. De novo assembly of RNA-seq data and Sanger sequencing of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) clones gave the complete, non-segmented genome (10,164 bp) of the virus termed Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus (CnFGV1) that was phylogenetically placed within the previously proposed viral family Fusagraviridae. Of 31 field-collected strains of C. naterciae, 40% tested CnFGV1-positive. Co-cultivation resulted in within-species transmission of CnFGV1 to virus-free strains of C. naterciae. Comparison of the mycelium phenotype and the growth rate of CnFGV1-infected and virus-free isogenic strains revealed frequent sectoring and growth reduction in C. naterciae. Co-culturing also led to cross-species transmission of CnFGV1 to Cryphonectria carpinicola and Cryphonectria radicalis, but not to Cryphonectria parasitica. The virus-infected C. naterciae and the experimentally infected Cryphonectria spp. readily transmitted CnFGV1 through asexual spores to the next generation. CnFGV1 strongly reduced conidiation and in some cases vegetative growth of C. carpinicola, which is involved in the European hornbeam disease. This study is the first report of a fusagravirus in the family Cryphonectriaceae and lays the groundwork for assessing a hypovirulence effect of CnFGV1 against the hornbeam decline in Europe.

scholarly journals A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae Is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and Is Deleterious to a New Host

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Carolina Cornejo ◽  
Sakae Hisano ◽  
Helena Bragança ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Segmented Genome

Cryphonectria is a fungal genus associated with economically significant disease of trees. Herein we characterized a novel double-stranded RNA virus from the fungal species Cryphonectria naterciae, a species unexplored as a virus host. De novo assembly of RNA-seq data and Sanger sequencing of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) clones gave the complete, non-segmented genome (10,164 bp) of the virus termed Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus (CnFGV1) that was phylogenetically placed within the previously proposed viral family Fusagraviridae. Of 31 field-collected strains of C. naterciae, 40% tested CnFGV1-positive. Cocultivation resulted in within-species transmission of CnFGV1 to virus-free strains of C. naterciae. Comparison of the mycelium phenotype and the growth rate of CnFGV1-infected and virus-free isogenic strains revealed frequent sectoring and growth reduction in C. naterciae upon virus infection. Co-culturing also led to cross-species transmission of CnFGV1 to Cryphonectria carpinicola and Cryphonectria radicalis, but not to Cryphonectria parasitica. The virus-infected C. naterciae and the experimentally infected Cryphonectria spp. readily transmitted CnFGV1 through asexual spores to the next generation. CnFGV1 strongly reduced conidiation and in some cases vegetative growth of C. carpinicola, which is involved in the European hornbeam disease. This study is the first report of a fusagravirus in the family Cryphonectriaceae and lays the groundwork for assessing a hypovirulence effect of CnFGV1 against the hornbeam decline in Europe.

scholarly journals Evidence of Intragenic Recombination in African Horse Sickness Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Ngoveni ◽  
Antoinette van Schalkwyk ◽  
J.J. Otto Koekemoer
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Attenuated Viruses

Intragenic recombination has been described in various RNA viruses as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity, resulting in increased virulence, expanded host range, or adaptability to a changing environment. Orbiviruses are no exception to this, with intragenic recombination previously detected in the type species, bluetongue virus (BTV). African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Oribivirus genus in the family Reoviridae. Genetic recombination through reassortment has been described in AHSV, but not through homologous intragenic recombination. The influence of the latter on the evolution of AHSV was investigated by analyzing the complete genomes of more than 100 viruses to identify evidence of recombination. Segment-1, segment-6, segment-7, and segment-10 showed evidence of intragenic recombination, yet only one (Segment-10) of these events was manifested in subsequent lineages. The other three hybrid segments were as a result of recombination between field isolates and the vaccine derived live attenuated viruses (ALVs).

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Fusarium graminearum Double-Stranded RNA Virus in a Newly Proposed Family, Alternaviridae

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao He ◽  
Xiaoguang Chen ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Dewen Qiu ◽  
Lihua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT We describe here a double-stranded RNA mycovirus, termed Fusarium graminearum alternavirus 1 (FgAV1/AH11), from the isolate AH11 of the phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum . Phylogenetic analysis showed that FgAV1/AH11 belongs to a newly proposed family, Alternaviridae . This is the first report of a mycovirus in the family Alternaviridae that infects F. graminearum .

scholarly journals Immune Response to Rotavirus and Gluten Sensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Puccetti ◽  
Daniele Saverino ◽  
Roberta Opri ◽  
Oretta Gabrielli ◽  
Giovanna Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family

Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of Reoviridae. The virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route and infects intestinal cells causing gastroenteritis. Rotaviruses are the main cause of severe acute diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. In our previous work we have shown a link between rotavirus infection and celiac disease. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is emerging as new clinical entity lacking specific diagnostic biomarkers which has been reported to occur in 6–10% of the population. Clinical manifestations include gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms which recede with gluten withdrawal. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. Aim of this work is to clarify some aspects of its pathogenesis using a gene array approach. Our results suggest that NCGS may have an autoimmune origin. This is based both on gene expression data (i.e., TH17-interferon signatures) and on the presence of TH17 cells and of serological markers of autoimmunity in NCGS. Our results also indicate a possible involvement of rotavirus infection in the pathogenesis of nonceliac gluten sensitivity similarly to what we have previously shown in celiac disease.

A novel double-stranded RNA virus detected in Primula malacoides is a plant-isolated partitivirus closely related to partitivirus infecting fungal species

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Li ◽  
Qinghua Tian ◽  
Zhiyou Du ◽  
Greg J. Duns ◽  
Jishuang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

scholarly journals Association of RNA Polymerase Complexes of the Parasitic Protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum with Virus-Like Particles: Heterogeneous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 5788-5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Khramtsov ◽  
Steve J. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Parasitic Protozoan ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rna Polymerase Activity

ABSTRACT RNA polymerase complexes were purified from Cryptosporidium parvum, a parasitic protozoan known to infect many species of mammals including humans. Western blot analysis revealed the association of the complexes with two different proteins, encoded by large and small segments of viral double-stranded RNAs. Each complex was found to contain only double-stranded RNA, both double- and single-stranded RNA, or only single-stranded RNA. Maximum RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was observed within the complexes containing both double- and single-stranded RNAs. These complexes possessed both transcriptase and replicase polymerase activities. Virus-like particles with a diameter of 31 nm were copurified with RNA polymerase complexes, and buoyant density and polymerase studies suggest that C. parvum harbors a putative double-stranded RNA virus which separately encapsidates the large and small RNA segments. The mechanism of replication and other characteristics of this virus are similar to those of the viruses of the family Partitiviridae, previously identified only in fungi and plants.

scholarly journals Discovery of new mycoviral genomes within publicly available fungal transcriptomic datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrigan B. Gilbert ◽  
Emily E. Holcomb ◽  
Robyn L. Allscheid ◽  
James C. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Computational Pipeline ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Transcriptomic Data

AbstractThe distribution and diversity of RNA viruses in fungi is incompletely understood due to the often cryptic nature of mycoviral infections and the focused study of primarily pathogenic and/or economically important fungi. As most viruses that are known to infect fungi possess either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA genomes, transcriptomic data provides the opportunity to query for viruses in diverse fungal samples without any a priori knowledge of virus infection. Here we describe a systematic survey of all transcriptomic datasets from fungi belonging to the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Using a simple but effective computational pipeline that uses reads discarded during normal RNA-seq analyses, followed by identification of a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) motif in de novo assembled contigs, 59 viruses from 44 different fungi were identified. Among the viruses identified, 89% were determined to be new species and 68% are, to our knowledge, the first virus described from the fungal species. Comprehensive analyses of both nucleotide and inferred protein sequences characterize the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and the known set of mycoviral sequences and support the classification of up to four new families and two new genera. Thus the results provide a deeper understanding of the scope of mycoviral diversity while also increasing the distribution of fungal hosts. Further, this study demonstrates the suitability of analyzing RNA-seq data to facilitate rapid discovery of new viruses.

scholarly journals Purified Recombinant Bluetongue Virus VP1 Exhibits RNA Replicase Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 3994-4002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Boyce ◽  
Josa Wehrfritz ◽  
Rob Noad ◽  
Polly Roy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Capping Enzyme ◽  
Dsrna Viruses

ABSTRACT The polymerase protein of all known double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses is located within a complex subviral core particle that is responsible for transcription of the viral genome. For members of the family Reoviridae, this particle allows messenger sense RNA synthesis while sequestering the viral genome away from cellular dsRNA surveillance systems during infection of eukaryotic cells. The core particle of bluetongue virus (BTV) consists of the major structural proteins VP3 and VP7 and the minor enzymatic proteins VP1 (polymerase), VP4 (capping enzyme), and VP6 (helicase). In this report we have characterized fully processive dsRNA synthesis by VP1 from a viral plus-strand RNA template in the absence of the other proteins of the BTV core. This replicase activity consists of de novo initiation of synthesis, followed by elongation of the minus strand. Purified VP1 exhibits little sequence specificity for BTV plus-strand template, suggesting that the choice of viral over nonviral RNA template comes from its association with other proteins within the viral core.

scholarly journals Major impacts on the primary metabolism of the plant pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica by the virulence-attenuating virus CHV1-EP713

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 3913-3921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus L. Dawe ◽  
Wayne A. Van Voorhies ◽  
Tannia A. Lau ◽  
Alexander V. Ulanov ◽  
Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
The Family

Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, can be infected by virulence-attenuating mycoviruses of the family Hypoviridae. Previous studies have led to the hypothesis that the hypovirus-infected phenotype is partly due to metabolic changes induced by the viral infection. To investigate this, we measured the metabolic rate and respiration of C. parasitica colonies grown on solid medium. These experiments supported historical observations of other fungal species done in liquid cultures that the metabolic rate steadily declines with age and differentiation of the mycelium. Hypovirus infection increased metabolic rate in the youngest mycelium, but a subsequent decline was also observed as the mycelium aged. By measuring both CO2 production and O2 consumption, we also observed that changes occur in carbohydrate metabolism as a result of ageing in both infected and uninfected mycelium. Mycelium on the periphery of the colony exploited fermentation pathways extensively, before transitioning to aerobic carbohydrate metabolism and finally lipid metabolism in the interior regions, despite abundant remaining glucose. However, the hypovirus affected the extent of these changes, with infected mycelium apparently unable to utilize lipid-related metabolic pathways, leading to an increased depletion of glucose. Finally, we used metabolic profifiling to determine the changes in accumulation of primary metabolites in wild-type and hypovirus-infected mycelium and found that approximately one-third of the 164 detected metabolites were affected. These results are consistent with those expected from the physiological measurements, with significant alterations noted for compounds related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, we observed an increase in the accumulation of the polyamine spermidine in the presence of hypovirus. Polyamines have been implicated in antiviral responses of mammalian systems; therefore this may suggest a novel antiviral response mechanism in fungi.

scholarly journals ‘2A-like’ and ‘shifty heptamer’ motifs in penaeid shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus, a monosegmented double-stranded RNA virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Nibert
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Ribosomal Frameshifting ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Rna Pseudoknot

Penaeid shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a monosegmented double-stranded RNA virus that forms icosahedral virions and is tentatively assigned to the family Totiviridae. New examinations of the IMNV genome sequence revealed features not noted in the original report. These features include (i) two encoded ‘2A-like’ motifs, which are likely involved in open reading frame (ORF) 1 polyprotein ‘cleavage’; (ii) a 199 nt overlap between the end of ORF1 in frame 1 and the start of ORF2 in frame 3; and (iii) a ‘shifty heptamer’ motif and predicted RNA pseudoknot in the region of ORF1–ORF2 overlap, which probably allow ORF2 to be translated as a fusion with ORF1 by −1 ribosomal frameshifting. Features (ii) and (iii) bring the predicted ORF2 coding strategy of IMNV more in line with that of its closest phylogenetic relative, Giardia lamblia virus, as well as with that of several other members of the family Totiviridae including Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A.

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