scholarly journals Electroanalytical Biosensors for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection—A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijia Peng ◽  
Xiaogang Lin ◽  
Weiqi Nian ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Jayne Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Tumor Dna

Early diagnosis and treatment have always been highly desired in the fight against cancer, and detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently been touted as highly promising for early cancer screening. Consequently, the detection of ctDNA in liquid biopsy gains much attention in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment, which has also attracted research interest from the industry. However, traditional gene detection technology is difficult to achieve low cost, real-time and portable measurement of ctDNA. Electroanalytical biosensors have many unique advantages such as high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and good portability. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the latest development of biosensors for minimal-invasive, rapid, and real-time ctDNA detection. Various ctDNA sensors are reviewed with respect to their choices of receptor probes, detection strategies and figures of merit. Aiming at the portable, real-time and non-destructive characteristics of biosensors, we analyze their development in the Internet of Things, point-of-care testing, big data and big health.

scholarly journals Toward point-of-care diagnostics of Candida auris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Mulberry ◽  
Sudha Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishnu Chaturvedi ◽  
Brian N. Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Candida Auris

AbstractCandida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast that presents global health threat for the hospitalized patients. Early diagnostic of C. auris is crucial in control, prevention, and treatment. Candida auris is difficult to identify with standard laboratory methods and often can be misidentified leading to inappropriate management. A newly-devised real-time PCR assay played an important role in the ongoing investigation of the C. auris outbreak in New York metropolitan area. The assay can rapidly detect C. auris DNA in surveillance and clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity, and also useful for confirmation of C. auris cultures. Despite its positive impact, the real-time PCR assay is difficult to deploy at frontline laboratories due to high-complexity set-up and operation. Using a low-cost handheld real-time PCR device, we show that the C. auris can potentially be identified in a low-complexity assay without the need for high-cost equipment. An implementation of low-cost real-time PCR device in hospitals and healthcare facilities is likely to accelerate the diagnosis of C. auris and for control of the global epidemic.

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Point of Care Detection of MRSA Genomic DNA by Nanoelectrokinetic Sensors

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Rania Oueslati ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Jiangang Chen ◽  
Jayne Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensor Surface ◽  
Ac Electrokinetics ◽  
Interdigitated Microelectrodes ◽  
Nanostructured Sensor

Biosensors have shown great potential in realizing rapid, low cost, and portable on-site detection for diseases. This work reports the development of a new bioelectronic sensor called AC electrokinetics-based capacitive (ABC) biosensor, for the detection of genomic DNA (gDNA) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ABC sensor is based on interdigitated microelectrodes biofunctionalized with oligonucleotide probes. It uses a special AC signal for direct capacitive monitoring of topological change on nanostructured sensor surface, which simultaneously induces dielectrophoretic enrichment of target gDNAs. As a result, rapid and specific detection of gDNA/probe hybridization can be realized with high sensitivity. It requires no signal amplification such as labeling, hybridization chain reaction, or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. This method involves only simple sample preparation. After optimization of nanostructured sensor surface and signal processing, the ABC sensor demonstrated fast turnaround of results (~10 s detection), excellent sensitivity (a detection limit of 4.7 DNA copies/µL MRSA gDNA), and high specificity, suitable for point of care diagnosis. As a bioelectronic sensor, the developed ABC sensors can be easily adapted for detections of other infectious agents.

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Point of Care Detection of MRSA gDNA by Nanoelectrokinetic Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Oueslati ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Jiangang Chen ◽  
Jie Jayne Wu
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensor Surface ◽  
Ac Electrokinetics ◽  
Interdigitated Microelectrodes ◽  
Nanostructured Sensor ◽  
Point Of Care Detection

Biosensors have shown great potential in realizing rapid, low cost and portable on-site detection for diseases. This work reports the development of a new bioelectronic sensor called AC electrokinetics-based capacitive (ABC) biosensor, for the detection of genomic DNA (gDNA) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ABC sensor is based on interdigitated microelectrodes biofunctionalized with oligonucleotide probes. It uses a special AC signal for direct capacitive monitoring of topological change on nanostructured sensor surface, which simultaneously induce dieletrophoretic enrichment of target gDNAs. As a result, rapid and specific detection of gDNA/probe hybridization can be realized with high sensitivity. It requires no signal amplification such as labelling, hybridization chain reaction, or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. This method involves only simple sample preparation. After optimization of nano-structured sensor surface and signal processing, the ABC sensor demonstrated fast turnaround of results (~10 s detection), excellent sensitivity (a detection limit of 4.7 DNA copies /µL MRSA gDNA) and high specificity, suitable for point of care diagnosis. As a bioelectronic sensor, the developed ABC sensors can be easily adapted for detection of other infectious agents.

scholarly journals BIOM-62 SENSITIVE DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION OF INTRACRANIAL TUMORS BY BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii15-ii15
Author(s):  
Farshad Nassiri ◽  
Ankur Chakravarthy ◽  
Shengrui Feng ◽  
Roxana Shen ◽  
Romina Nejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Tumor Dna

Abstract BACKGROUND The diagnosis of intracranial tumors relies on tissue specimens obtained by invasive surgery. Non-invasive diagnostic approaches, particularly for patients with brain tumours, provide an opportunity to avoid surgery and mitigate unnecessary risk to patients. We reasoned that DNA methylation profiles of circulating tumor DNA in blood can be used as a clinically useful biomarker for patients with brain tumors, given the specificity of DNA methylation profiles for cell-of-origin. METHODS We generated methylation profiles on the plasma of 608 patients with cancer (219 intracranial, 388 extracranial) and 60 healthy controls using a cell-free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing (cfMeDIP-seq) approach. Using machine-learning approaches we generated and evaluated models to distinguish brain tumors from extracranial cancers that may metastasize to the brain, as well as additional models to discriminate common brain tumors included in the differential diagnosis of solitary extra-axial and intra-axial tumors. RESULTS We observed high sensitivity and discriminative capacity for our models to distinguish gliomas from other cancerous and healthy patients (AUC=0.99, 95%CI 0.96–1), with similar performance in IDH mutant and wildtype gliomas as well as in lower- and high-grade gliomas. Excluding non-malignant contributors to plasma methylation did not change model performance (AUC=0.982, 95%CI 0.93–1). Models generated to discriminate intracranial tumors from each other also demonstrated high accuracy for common extra-axial tumors (AUCmeningioma=0.89, 95%CI 0.80–0.97; AUChemangiopericytoma=0.95, 95%CI 0.73–1) as well as intra-axial tumors ranging from low-grade indolent glial-neuronal tumors (AUC 0.93, 95%CI 0.80 – 1) to diffuse intra-axial gliomas with distinct molecular composition (AUCIDH-mutant glioma = 0.82, 95%CI 0.66 -0.98; AUCIDH-wildtype-glioma = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53 – 0.9). Plasma cfMeDIP-seq signals originated from corresponding tumor tissue DNA methylation signals (r=0.37, p< 2.2e-16). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential for cfMeDIP-seq profiles to not only detect circulating tumor DNA, but to accurately discriminate common intracranial tumors that share cell-of-origin lineages.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

scholarly journals Circulating tumor DNA profiling reveals clonal evolution and real-time disease progression in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xiong Cai ◽  
Geng Chen ◽  
Yong-Yi Zeng ◽  
Xiu-Qing Dong ◽  
Min-Jie Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Dna

scholarly journals Disposable silicon-based all-in-one micro-qPCR for rapid on-site detection of pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Nunez-Bajo ◽  
Alexander Silva Pinto Collins ◽  
Michael Kasimatis ◽  
Yasin Cotur ◽  
Tarek Asfour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Specific Sequences

AbstractRapid screening and low-cost diagnosis play a crucial role in choosing the correct course of intervention when dealing with highly infectious pathogens. This is especially important if the disease-causing agent has no effective treatment, such as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and shows no or similar symptoms to other common infections. Here, we report a disposable silicon-based integrated Point-of-Need transducer (TriSilix) for real-time quantitative detection of pathogen-specific sequences of nucleic acids. TriSilix can be produced at wafer-scale in a standard laboratory (37 chips of 10 × 10 × 0.65 mm in size can be produced in 7 h, costing ~0.35 USD per device). We are able to quantitatively detect a 563 bp fragment of genomic DNA of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through real-time PCR with a limit-of-detection of 20 fg, equivalent to a single bacterium, at the 35th cycle. Using TriSilix, we also detect the cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 (1 pg) with high specificity against SARS-CoV (2003).

scholarly journals The Use of Microfluidic Technology for Cancer Applications and Liquid Biopsy

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arutha Kulasinghe ◽  
Hanjie Wu ◽  
Chamindie Punyadeera ◽  
Majid Warkiani
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tumor Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Microfluidic Technology

There is growing awareness for the need of early diagnostic tools to aid in point-of-care testing in cancer. Tumor biopsy remains the conventional means in which to sample a tumor and often presents with challenges and associated risks. Therefore, alternative sources of tumor biomarkers is needed. Liquid biopsy has gained attention due to its non-invasive sampling of tumor tissue and ability to serially assess disease via a simple blood draw over the course of treatment. Among the leading technologies developing liquid biopsy solutions, microfluidics has recently come to the fore. Microfluidic platforms offer cellular separation and analysis platforms that allow for high throughout, high sensitivity and specificity, low sample volumes and reagent costs and precise liquid controlling capabilities. These characteristics make microfluidic technology a promising tool in separating and analyzing circulating tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring. In this review, the characteristics of three kinds of circulating tumor markers will be described in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The review will focus on how the introduction of microfluidic technologies has improved the separation and analysis of these circulating tumor markers.

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