Innovation for Resilient Coastal Structures to Reduce Tsunami Disaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220
Author(s):  
Masahiko Isobe ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Forces

The Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage mainly in northeast Japan. This paper introduces the characteristics of the tsunami and resultant damage. The mechanism of the breaching of coastal structures and the effect of surviving structures on damage reduction in land are discussed. Then, a two-level tsunami mitigation concept, proposed and adopted by a committee hosted by the Government for recovery and reconstruction, is introduced. Within this framework, coastal structures are required to be resilient to external forces exceeding the design level. Various technologies that have been developed based on experience and research after the tsunami are introduced.

scholarly journals A Note on The Design of Seawall for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Radianta Triatmadja ◽  
Warniyati Warniyati
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Hydrodynamic Force ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Hydrostatic Force ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation

Many coastal structures or structures in coastal areas were destroyed by a tsunami attack. Such destructions were due primarily to the fact that such structures were not designed to withstand a tsunami. Those which were designed to withstand tsunami force may also have been destroyed due to some damaging factors which were not included in the design. The damage of the coastal structures is one of the important factors that have caused casualties. Especially, when the destroyed structures were originally aimed to mitigate the area against tsunami, they may cause higher fatalities. Examples of such structures are sea walls in many parts of Japan which were destroyed by the 2011 tsunami. This paper discusses the important factors relevant to the damage of seawall as tsunami mitigation structure such as impact force due to tsunami front, hydrostatic force, and hydrodynamic force, debris force and scour due tsunami. The study was carried out based on literature about the damages of seawall as tsunami protection structures and laboratory experiment reports. The destructions to the structures were divided into three classifications namely instantaneous direct destruction due to impact and drag forces, slowly direct destruction due to drag force, and slowly indirect destruction due to scour. Finally, important aspects to be considered in the design of seawall as tsunamis protection were proposed.

scholarly journals STUDY OF TSUNAMI MITIGATION BASED ON VEGETATION IN SERENTING BEACH, MANDALIKA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, LOMBOK ISLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
SLAMET MARDIYANTO RAHAYU ◽  
ARISTA SUCI ANDINI
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lombok Island

Serenting Beach is one of the beaches in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (MSEZ), Central Lombok Regency. The MSEZ is located in the southern part of Lombok Island and faces the Indian Ocean. The Mandalika Special Economic Zone is prospected to expedite the sector of tourism at Province of West Nusa Tenggara which is very potential. A few hundred kilometers to the south part of Lombok Island is one of the large tectonic plates meeting zones which is a major source of potential tsunami earthquakes. With the geological conditions of Lombok Island which is prone to tsunamis and the existence of environmental degradation in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, it is necessary to conduct research about study of tsunami mitigation based on vegetation in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, Lombok Island. Based on the research, there are several types of plants that need to be planted as a tsunami disaster mitigation effort in Serenting Beach, MSEZ, namely: Casuarina equisetifolia, Pandanus odoratissimus, Cocos nucifera, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Terminalia catappa. The government and various related parties need to provide education to the public, tourism managers, and tourists to take an active role in protecting vegetation and not through illegal logging.

TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN RUANG KOTA MEULABOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

Tsunami which was generated by the 2004 Aceh eartquake has beenhaunting our life. The building damage due to the tsunami could be seenthroughout Meulaboh Coastal Area. Appearing of the physical loss wasclose to our fault. It was caused by the use dan plan of the land withoutconsidering a tsunami disaster threat. Learning from that event, we haveconducted a research on the pattern of damage that caused by the 2004tsunami. Based on the analysis of tsunami hazard intensity and thepattern of building damage, it has been made a landuse planning whichbased on tsunami mitigation for Meulaboh. Tsunami mitigation-based ofMeulaboh landuse planning was made by intergrating some aspects, suchas tsunami protection using pandanus greenbelt, embankment along withhigh plants and also arranging the direction of roads and setting of building forming a rhombus-shaped. The rhombus-shaped of setting of the road and building would reduce the impact of tsunamic wave. It is expected that these all comprehensive landuse planning will minimize potential losses in the future .

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide Rate Trends in the Tsunami-Disaster-Affected Area Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui ◽  
Suzuka Saeki ◽  
Yuki Kozakai ◽  
Shuichiro Harada ◽  
Mizuho Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: People who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) were expected to have additional levels of psychological burden resulting from the stressful conditions imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; consequently, suicide rates may increase. Aim: We aimed to carry out continuous monitoring of suicide rates in the affected area following the GEJE under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Method: This descriptive study monitored the suicide rates of the coastal area of Miyagi Prefecture, where disaster-related mental health activities have been continuing following severe damage caused by the tsunami disaster. An exponential smoothing time-series analysis that converted suicide rates into a smooth trend was conducted. Results: Although the suicide rate in the affected area was higher than the national average in February 2020, it showed a declining trend during the COVID-19 pandemic, while showing an increase trend in the national and non-affected areas. Limitations: Uncertainty about the direct reasons for suicide and the short time-scale observation are the limitations of this study. Conclusion: Although the national suicide rate increased, this was not the case for the affected area. Our findings may provide important lessons for suicide prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic, which needs careful regional monitoring of the state of suicide and of high-risk approaches such as disaster-related mental health activities.

scholarly journals ON PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE POLICY FOR WAVE DISSIPATING BLOCKS COVERING CAISSON BREAKWATER

2018 ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Takao Ota ◽  
Hiroyuki Kawamura ◽  
Yoshiharu Matsumi ◽  
Junji Koyanagi ◽  
Takashi Satow
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Reliability Engineering ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Caisson Breakwater ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Preventive Maintenance Policy

The infrastructures are required to keep a certain level of performance during the duration of service. Because the performance of the infrastructures including harbor and coastal structures deteriorates due to aging and damage that is caused by the action of external forces, it is necessary to perform appropriate maintenance. Satow et al. (2009) proposed a mathematical model for the preventive maintenance of wave dissipating blocks based on the method of the reliability engineering. They also derived the expected maintenance cost over the in service period and the optimal preventive maintenance policy. In this study, the optimal threshold for preventive maintenance to minimize the expected maintenance cost is determined for the wave dissipating blocks covering caisson breakwater by using the above model.

Natural Disaster Measures on Tokyo Metro

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Kogure ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Inland Earthquake ◽  
The Government ◽  
Damage Simulation

This article includes the natural disaster measures taken by Tokyo Metro. In addition to those taken by the former Teito Rapid Transit Authority, Tokyo Metro has been taking new measures -- based on experiences from the Great East Japan Earthquake and a large-scale flood damage simulation recently released by the government -- in preparation for the inland earthquake expected in the capital and flooding from the Arakawa River.

Targeting Vulnerable People with a Social Safety Net: Lessons from the CFW Program for the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-934
Author(s):  
Shingo Nagamatsu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Private Safety Net ◽  
Simple Selection

The Emergency Job Creation (EJC) program in which unemployed people are hired for recovery works funded by the government was introduced after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan. The program is very similar to Cash for Work (CFW) programs that are often implemented as social safety nets (SSNs). This paper evaluates how the EJC program targeted those most in need. From four projects, 938 participants were sampled and simple selection bias tests were conducted among job applicants in the region where the project was undertaken. Participants of the EJC program included more single females and irregular workers than the population group, thus demonstrating the EJC’s self-targeting function. Around 80% of participants were without dependent family members implying that there are two types of potential participants: those who prefer limited responsibilities with relatively low wages, and those who prefer a larger burden of responsibility with relatively higher wages. Because the wages provided by the EJC program may be high enough for the former, but too low for the latter, the program eventually excluded the second group. Similar programs in future should provide other types of jobs corresponding to people’s preferences. Previously unemployed participants were likely to be those who lost their houses; that damage had pushed them into the labor market. Because of the relatively minor existing SSN for housing damage, the EJC program served as an important safety net for disaster-affected people without a private safety net such as insurance.

Mongolia's stability and growth face external threats

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Forces

Subject The political and economic outlook for Mongolia. Significance Mongolia is recovering from a largely self-inflicted financial crisis that resulted in an IMF bailout two years ago. Meanwhile, isolationism in the United States and weakened political unity in the EU leave Mongolia with little choice but to slide further towards the neighbouring powers, China and Russia -- an uncomfortable trend for the sole liberal democracy in the region. Mongolia’s return to growth and relative political calm is dampened by external forces including weakness in metals prices and emerging market currencies. Impacts The government will focus on strengthening the economy; the direction of economic policy bodes well for continued growth. Infrastructure needs, such as energy and secure long-term water supplies for the capital, will see significant progress towards resolution. The 'truce' between the two major parties makes political conditions ripe for disruption by a new political movement or politician.

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