Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Roles of Science, Technology, and Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  
Jakob Rhyner ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Technology And Education ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Priority Action

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 established “Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience” as Priority Action 3 with 17 actions in national and local levels and 9 actions in global and regional levels. So far, however, the budgets for disaster risk reduction are mainly used for post-disaster emergency response, recovery, and reconstruction in many countries. In the working sessions of Priority Action 3 of the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017, we discussed the actions that should be taken by the science, technology, and education sectors for an increase in proactive disaster risk reduction investment. This paper highlights the working group discussion, particularly focusing on the roles of science, technology, and education. Seven recommendations for promoting the implementation of the Priority Action 3 were adopted by the Forum as the final output from the working sessions of Priority Action 3.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Hamidazada ◽  
Ana Maria Cruz ◽  
Muneta Yokomatsu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies, our findings show that insufficient disaster education, inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre- and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in pre-disaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Fostering Children’s Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction Through Play: A Case Study of LEGO and Minecraft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Le Dé ◽  
JC Gaillard ◽  
Anthony Gampell ◽  
Nickola Loodin ◽  
Graham Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

AbstractThis article focuses on children’s participation in disaster risk reduction. It draws on a 2018 study done in New Zealand with 33 school children who conducted participatory mapping with LEGO and the video game Minecraft to assess disaster risk in their locality and identify ways to be more prepared. The research involved participatory activities with the children actively involved in the co-design, implementation, and evaluation of the initiative. A focus group discussion was also conducted to assess the project from the viewpoint of the schoolteachers. The results indicate that LEGO and Minecraft are playful tools for children to participate in disaster risk reduction. The research identifies four key elements of genuine children’s participation, including the Participants, Play, the Process, and Power (4 Ps). This framework emphasizes that fostering children’s participation in disaster risk reduction requires focusing on the process through which children gain power to influence decisions that matter to them. The process, through play, is child-centered and fosters ownership. The article concludes that Play is essential to ground participation within children’s worldviews and their networks of friends and relatives.

scholarly journals Sectoral and Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Risk in Indian Himalaya: A Case Study of Almora District of Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Almost All

Climate change impacts the society by aggravating related hazards. India, due to its varied geographical and climatic attributes and diverse socio-economic reasons, faces almost all kinds of disasters distantly or closely related to change in climates. Regions of Indian Himalaya, especially in Uttarakhand, are known to suffer the brunt of climate or water related disasters very frequently e.g. 2013’s devastating flash flood at Kedarnath, Uttarakhand. India is a signatory of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and has hosted the 7 th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR) and organized its 2nd National Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) during recent years (2015, 2016). These policy regimes advocate climate resilient development through policy planning and grassroots implementation of programmes. Objective of this study is to analyze climatic data projections and risks with regard to extreme events in Almora District, Uttarakhand, India, through learning sectoral and livelihood vulnerabilities of this region. Methodology involved policy and vulnerability analysis through structured and semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussion and shared learning, with key line Departments and key stakeholders. Study revealed a range of precipitation and temperature level changes and linkages with increase in disaster related losses and damages. Key Sectoral Vulnerabilities & livelihood challenges have been identified in the Almora District. Paper suggests a policy analysis framework and integration of climate resilience and disaster management into development paradigms through plans, policies and processes of key sectors and departments.

Challenging Assumptions: What Do We Need to Address in Our Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor A. Codreanu ◽  
Hanh Ngo ◽  
Andrew Robertson ◽  
Antonio Celenza
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractIntroductionSpecific knowledge and skills are required, especially in the first 72 hours post-disaster, to bridge the time gap until essential services are restored and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) can focus on individuals’ needs. This study explores disaster knowledge and preparedness in the first 72 hours as a function of the individual’s engagement in discussions about disasters, and several other factors (both at personal and community/country level), as well as the entities/organizations perceived by the individual as being responsible for disaster risk reduction (DRR) education.MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional survey of 3,829 final-year high-school students was conducted in nine countries with different levels of disaster risk and economic development. Regression analyses examined the relationship between a 72-hour disaster preparedness composite outcome (ability to make water safe for drinking, knowledge of water potability, home evacuation skill, and improvising a safe room) and a series of independent predictors.ResultsRespondents from countries with lower economic development were significantly better prepared for the first 72 hours post-disaster than those from developed countries (OR=767.45; CI=13.75-48,822.94; P=.001). While several independent predictors showed a significant main effect, combined disaster risk education (DRE) efforts, as a partnership between school and local government, had the best predictive value (OR=3.52; CI=1.48-8.41; P=.005).ConclusionsDisaster preparedness in final-year high-school students is significantly better in developing countries. Further improvement requires a convergent effort in aligning the most effective educational policies and actions to best address the individual’s and the community needs.CodreanuTA, NgoH, RobertsonA, CelenzaA. Challenging assumptions: what do we need to address in our disaster risk reduction efforts?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):134–147.

scholarly journals Strengthening Capacities Towards a Resilient Future: The case of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Tacloban City, Philippines after the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Theresa Castro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>This thesis explores the experiences, challenges, and roles of people who identify as sexual and gender minorities in the context of disaster risk reduction management and practices. In recent decades, national and international institutions have exerted substantial efforts to reduce disaster risk and strengthen disaster management. In response to the increasing number and magnitude of weather events and climate impacts worldwide, this thesis takes into consideration the significance of equity and inclusion in different stages of disaster risk reduction management (DRRM). It focuses particularly on recovery and rehabilitation activities that can build resilience towards disasters.  As a case study, it investigates the post-disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts carried out in Tacloban City after the wrath of Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Typhoon Yolanda, in November 2013. The tropical storm left thousands of casualties, with millions of people homeless and/or displaced, forcing them to live in a temporary or permanent shelter. The research approach was transformative and informed by principles of participatory action research. The methodology followed the appreciative inquiry process of the 4 D’s - Discovery, Dream, Design, Destiny. This approach was strength-based and involved working with local, community organisations and government officials. Data were collected using key-informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (including some participatory techniques), and a structured survey of residents in the city and permanent shelters. These data were analysed using thematic analysis.  The study reveals how post-disaster interventions and strategies after Typhoon Haiyan reflected heterosexist assumptions, which undermined recovery and rehabilitation efforts. These assumptions, and the wider heteropatriarchal system of which they are a part, served to magnify some existing inequalities, vulnerabilities, and social exclusion based on gender and sexuality. This social system, however, also facilitated the development and/or realisation of endogenous skills and capacities of gender minorities. As such, they were able to take leadership roles and carry out recovery activities unavailable to heterosexual residents.  In light of this data, I argue that people who identify as sexual gender minorities are potentially a neglected resource in times of disaster and recovery. If their capabilities were recognised and integrated into DRRM policies and practice, efforts could be enhanced to promote recovery and resilience in hazard-affected communities. Additional work is also needed to challenge the wider system of heteropatriarchy outside of times of disaster to minimise further marginalisation of gender sexual minorities during post-disaster relief and rehabilitation. Overall, this research contributes towards the development of a shared understanding about how a community's capacities and/or strengths can be improved and utilized within disaster risk reduction management and practices by focusing on sexuality and gender.</p>

scholarly journals Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Penanggulangan Bencana di Kabupaten Jember

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Joko Mulyono ◽  
Lukman Wijaya Baratha ◽  
Elly Suhartini ◽  
Jati Arifiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Slow Step

AbstractThe research entitled "Accountability for Disaster Management in Jember Regency", based on the high disaster risk index in Jember Regency. In 2013 there was a risk index of 229 and increased in 2016 to 255 (BNPB: 2016). In regular civillian, there are also minimal informations about risky and dangerous disaster. Disaster-managing in Jember is a reflection of the existence of local governments and social groups in their efforts to define their roles in their respective capacities. Along with the increasing strong role of social groups in articulating disaster-managing in Jember, the regional government seems to be taking a slow step to be able to keep up with the efforts of these social groups. The question is, how is the accountability of disaster risk reduction in Jember?, how are the strategies that weaken disaster-managing accountability? The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze disastermanaging accountability and its strategy. The theoretical review used is "public organization accountability" Elwood (1993) and strengthened by the theory of "structuration" of Giddens (2011). The research approach that the researcher used is qualitative, while the data collection technique is through participant observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and interviews followed by qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study that disaster-managing is carried out through structural and cultural way. Structural forms are understood as organizational principles such as accountability. Disaster management accountability includes regulatory dimensions, processes, programs and policies. The principle of accountability in disaster management in Jember Regency is relatively inadequate. The cultural path is a strategy adopted by BPBD with other disaster management communities in disaster risk reduction activities. Cultural practices in disaster-maganing are more visible in agency expertise. The causes of the lack of optimal disaster-managing accountability is inadequate disaster management input and output factors.   Penelitian ini berlatar belakang dari tingginya indeks risiko bencana di Kabupaten Jember. Pada tahun 2013 terdapat indeks risikosebanyak 229 dan mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2016 menjadi 255 (BNPB: 2016). Sementara di tingkat masyarakat masih minim informasi mengenai bahaya dan risiko bencana. Pengelolaan bencana di Kabupaten Jember adalah refleksi tentang keberadaan pemerintah daerah dan kelompok sosial dalam upayanya mendefinisikan peran mereka sesuai kapasitasnya. Akan tetapi seiring dengan semakin menguatnya peran kelompok sosial dalam mengartikulasikan pengelolaan bencana di Jember, pemerintah daerah seakan mengambil langkah yang cukup lambat untuk dapat mengimbangi upaya kelompok sosial tersebut. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana akuntabilitas pengurangan risiko bencana di Kabupaten Jember?, bagaimana strategi dan faktor apa saja yang memperlemah akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana serta strateginya. Tinjauan teori yang digunakan adalah “akuntabilitas organisasi publik” Elwood (1993) dan diperkuat dengan teori “strukturasi” Giddens (2011). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, sedangkan teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi partisipan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan wawancara serta teknik analisa data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa penanggulangan bencana dilaksanakan melalui jalan struktural dan kultural. Bentuk struktural dipahami sebagai bentuk-bentuk prinsip organisasi seperti akuntabilitas. Akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana meliputi dimensi regulasi, proses, program, dan kebijakan. Prinsip akuntabilitas dalam penanggulangan bencana di Kabupaten Jember relatif kurang memadai. Jalan kultural sebagai strategi yang ditempuh BPBD bersama komunitas penanggulangan bencana lainnya dalam kegiatan pengurangan risiko bencana. Kultural dalam praktek penanggulangan bencana lebih nampak pada kepiawaian agensi. Penyebab kurang optimalnya akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana adalah faktor input dan output penanggulangan bencana yang kurang memadai.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document