scholarly journals Kajian Tentang Perjanjian FTA antara AFTA dan Cina

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Young Kyu Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Gas

This study analyses the prospects, changes and characteristics of economics cooperation between AFTA and China after the period from 1980’s. Gross trade and direct investments are studies here, as well as tariff such as per categornes, field, in order to understand AFTA China’s economics cooperation.According to FTA between AFTA and China, Crude oil, gas and other products took up the greatest portion of AFTA exports until the 2008 (in the short run), since the mid-2003, exports have grown by a large margin owing to the nation’s exportoriented economic development strategy. But, in the long run, foreign investment in the world concentrate upon China

scholarly journals Kerjasama Ekonomi Korea Selatan dan Indonesia di Masa Kini dan Masa Depan

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-128
Author(s):  
Young Kyu Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Oil Gas

This study analyzes the changes and characteristics of economic cooperation between Korea and Indonesia during the period from 1980 to 2002. Gross trade and direct investments are studies here, as well as ODA such as per categomes, field, in order to understand Korea- Indonesia’s economic cooperation.Crude oil, gas and other natural resources took up the greatest portion of Indonesia exports until the 2002, Since the mid-1980’s, exports have grown by a large margin owing to the nation’s export.oriented economic development strategy and stabilization of oil prices. Trade and direct investment showed a continuous increase throughout the period, with the exception of a temporary decrease in 1997 economic crisis. The result of trade, investment and ODA shows that Indonesia and Korea very important country for economic growth.

scholarly journals The energy philosophy of Azerbaijan in modern era

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Gulshan Khaliqova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Era

The article examines the practical steps of the theoretical problems of the energy philosophy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The idea of transporting oil from the port of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, first expressed in 1992, is the basis of the theoretical problems of the energy philosophy of Azerbaijan in the modern era. The idea of oil transportation via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has been an important initiative for Azerbaijan to be included in the world economic system. This idea is designed to develop the offshore fields of Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli as an important part of the economic development strategy of Azerbaijan. The partners of the Century Treaty determined that the idea of oil transportation along the BTC route would be in three phases. Since its inception, its success has been questioned many times. The idea of co-operation with international companies in Azerbaijan is a reality. The Baku-Supsa, Baku-Novorossiysk, Baku-Ceyhan and Southern Gas Corridor oil pipelines integrate Azerbaijan’s Caspian hydrocarbon resources into world markets.

scholarly journals Human Capital Development and Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Raymond M. ◽  
Ekponaanuadum N.
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Misery Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Capital Development

This paper set out to investigate the impact of human capital development on the drive to achieving economic development in Nigerian. It adopted the Ex-post facto research design as the variables-Misery Index, GEH and GEE cannot be manipulated as they have previously occurred. The study span for a period of 38 years which covered from 1981 – 2018. Secondary data sourced from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the world development index of the World Bank was utilized for this study. The study employed the ordinary least square (OLS) method and the Error Correction Model estimation technique to examine the long run relationship and short run dynamics of the variables. The result of the Johansen co-integration test established the presence of long run relationship between misery index, pupil teacher ratio, government spending on education and health. The result of the ordinary least square revealed a negative and significant relationship between misery index and pupil teacher ratio in the long run. The results of the short run analysis revealed that current level of pupil teacher ratio impact on the misery index in Nigeria negatively and significantly. Informed by the discoveries, the study proposed the recruitment of more teachers to improve the current pupil teacher ratio in the country and also increase the budgetary allocation to the education sector.

Russia’s Development Strategy: Guidelines and Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The core of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development strategy is represented by its conceptual basis. Having considered debating points about the essence and priority of the strategy, the author analyzes the logic and stages of its development as well as possibilities, restrictions and risks of high GDP rates of growth.

An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Globalisation and Inequality in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (1980–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Akanni Olomola ◽  
Tolulope Temilola Osinubi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Stability ◽  
Short Run

This study analyzed the macroeconomic and institutional determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in the MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) countries during the period 1980–2014. Annual data covering the period between 1980 and 2014 were used. Data on real gross domestic product (real GDP), labor force, gross fixed capital formation, foreign direct investment (FDI), human capital, and inflation were sourced from the World Development Indicators published by the World Bank. Also, data on corruption, government stability, and law and order were obtained from the database of International Country Risk Guide. Panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) regression technique was used to estimate the model. Results showed that TFP growth rate declined on average by 1.4 per cent and 1.8 per cent in Mexico and Turkey, respectively, while Indonesia and Nigeria did not experience productivity growth on the average. Results also showed that in the long run, human capital and government stability had positive and significant effects on TFP, while FDI and corruption had negative but significant effects on TFP. In the short run, there existed a significant negative relationship between TFP and inflation. However, the effects of human capital and corruption on TFP were positive and significant. The study concluded that human capital and corruption were key drivers of TFP in the MINT countries both in the long run and short run.

scholarly journals Baukultur, Culture and Recreation-led Economic Development: The value of developing Sundre, Alberta’s qualities of living and place

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Jonathan Allan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Quality Of Place ◽  
Quality Of Living

<p>What are the most important factors related to economic development? This paper explores the essential variables necessary for destination development and inward direct investment. These variables include: quality of living, quality of infrastructure, and quality of workforce. Quality of living is considered the most important of these to spur on economic development. Many business operators would rather live where they invest making quality of place an equally important variable that is intrinsically linked to quality of living. Destination development through place-building techniques, informed by the concept of <em>baukultur,</em>is assessed using quality of living, economic development and economic diversification as markers. Quality of living and quality of place are inherently connected when attracting business and growing employment, therefore, these two terms will be referred to as QLP throughout this paper..  Intended to help program and policy planners understand these concepts, this paper will explore cases of successful exercises of destination development that involve recreation and culture-oriented place building. The paper will then look at how to apply learned QLP concepts toward a culture- and recreation-led economic development strategy for the small foothills community of Sundre, Alberta. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>place building, quality of place, quality of living, <em>baukultur</em>, QLP, development, economic development, destination development, inward direct investment, creative class</p>

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