Chapter 32: Compounding for Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Terrorist Attacks

scholarly journals Investigation of Nanogrids for Improved Navy Installation Energy Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4298
Author(s):  
Alissa Kain ◽  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Anthony Pollman
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
The Military

Military bases perform important national security missions. In order to perform these missions, specific electrical energy loads must have continuous, uninterrupted power even during terrorist attacks, adversary action, natural disasters, and other threats of specific interest to the military. While many global military bases have established microgrids that can maintain base operations and power critical loads during grid disconnect events where outside power is unavailable, many potential threats can cause microgrids to fail and shed critical loads. Nanogrids are of specific interest because they have the potential to protect individual critical loads in the event of microgrid failure. We present a systems engineering methodology that analyzes potential nanogrid configurations to understand which configurations may improve energy resilience and by how much for critical loads from a national security perspective. This then allows targeted deployment of nanogrids within existing microgrid infrastructures. A case study of a small military base with an existing microgrid is presented to demonstrate the potential of the methodology to help base energy managers understand which options are preferable and justify implementing nanogrids to improve energy resilience.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Region: between terrorism, tourism and security

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Varani ◽  
Enrico Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Tourism remains a very vulnerable sector and sensitive to both internal and external impacts, such as economic and social crises, natural disasters, epidemics and diseases, national and international conflicts. Among these, the most alarming threat in the 21st century remains terrorism. In this sense, this paper aims to study the effects of the increasingly frequent terrorist attacks by the extremist factions of Al-Qaeda and ISIL on the tourism industry in the Mediterranean Region. The contribution, after having discussed in general the tourism market in the Mediterranean Region, intends to highlight the impacts and repercussions of the terrorist attacks on tourism, presenting the example of Egypt and one of its best-known tourist destinations, Sharm el-Sheikh. In this sense, it is shown how, in a few years, the political instability of the country and the attacks of 2005 and 2016 have significantly reduced the influx of tourists, transforming it from one of the most visited destinations in the world in a place of increasing abandonment.

scholarly journals Safety or Travel: Which Is More Important? The Impact of Disaster Events on Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ma ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Xiaocong Tian ◽  
Juanjuan Zhang ◽  
Quan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Research Method ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Online Review ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Tourism is making an increasingly considerable contribution to the sustainable development of world economy, but its development is susceptible to a series of disaster events. The impact of disaster events on tourists’ travel decisions is receiving ever-growing attention. In this study, disasters are classified into two categories: namely, natural disasters and man-made disasters. Among these disasters, earthquakes and terrorist attacks—as the most representative two types—are taken as research examples. By virtue of a difference-in-difference research method and online review data from TripAdvisor, multiple incidents that have occurred in different countries are systematically and comparatively analyzed for verifying the effects of catastrophic events with varying natures, frequencies, and intensities on tourism. The main findings are as follows: (1) both natural disasters and man-made disasters have a negative effect on the number of tourists and the tourist experience; (2) higher frequency and intensity of terrorist attacks may not correspond to tourism, and terrorist attacks exert a more influential impact on the safety image of tourist destinations; (3) compared with the scale and intensity of earthquakes, the frequency of earthquakes has a greater effect on tourism; (4) compared with terrorist attacks, earthquakes have a greater effect on the number of tourists.

scholarly journals Decontamination of Hydrochloric and Nitric Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Nikolay Iliyanov Padarev ◽  
Danut-Eugeniu Mosteanu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
High Level

Abstract One of the missions of the Bulgarian Army is the formation of maintenance modules that can take part in a series of military activities, including the eradication of the consequences of natural disasters, chemical and radiological accidents and ecological catastrophes. One task of the module formations in chemical and radioactive incidents is decontamination of equipment, materials and people. Pollution with toxic substances can occur in the area of military operations, tank spills, and terrorist attacks in peacetime. The Hazard Index ranks TIMs according to the chemical's production, transport, storage, toxicity, and vapor pressure. Mineral acids considered „high hazards" are also having a high level of toxicity and vaporize easily. This paper provides some chemical tasks about acids decontamination on non-porous materials. We have investigated the decontamination of hydrochloric and nitric acid in the non-porous surfaces through calculations and their decontamination on wood and concrete surfaces

scholarly journals The Impact of Natural Disasters can Affect Economic Sustainability and Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tismazammi Mustafa ◽  
Jaharudin Padli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Natural factors such as geological conditions, climate change, and depletion of mineral resources may affect economic sustainability and development. Natural resource degradation increases global challenges such as scarcity of resources, water, and land; hence, countries are exposed to natural disasters. Nevertheless, do natural disasters cause a rise in terrorist attacks? In general, terrorist attacks cause death, suffering, and severely affect social and economic situations, as well as national politics. The determinants of terrorist events are a popular issue globally that attract both researchers and policymakers. This research involved a structured methodology using a panel logit model between natural disaster and terrorism. It covered the binary data of terrorist attacks, which allowed the researchers to recognize the determinants that could lead to conflict. Based on the research of detailed data of 127 countries between 1970 and 2014, it was found that there is a strong positive relationship between the total number of deaths and the total occurrences of natural disasters and terrorist attacks. On the other hand, the total damage caused by natural disasters has a significant negative relationship with terrorist attacks. For other variables, the result gives a consistent significant relationship. From the findings, it may be concluded that rapid occurrences of natural disasters will increase the risk of terrorist attacks.

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