Smoking as a Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 24 Prospective Cohort Studies

Background Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether MetS is an independent risk factor for KOA. Methods Prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between MetS and KOA in general population were retrieved from PubMed and Embase. Only studies with multivariate analyses were included. Data were pooled with a random-effect model, which is considered to incorporate heterogeneity among the included studies. Results Five studies including 94,965 participants were included, with 18,990 people with MetS (20.0%). With a mean follow-up duration of 14.5 years, 2,447 KOA cases occurred. Pooled results showed that MetS was not significant associated with an increased risk of KOA after controlling of factors including body mass index (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92~1.23, p = 0.40; I2 = 33%). Subgroup analysis showed that MetS was independently associated with an increased risk of severe KOA that needed total knee arthroplasty (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03~1.30, p = 0.02), but not total symptomatic KOA (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.65~1.08, p = 0.18). Stratified analyses suggested that MetS was independently associated with an increased risk of KOA in women (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03~1.47, p = 0.02), but not in men (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70~1.14, p = 0.37). Conclusions Current evidence from prospective cohort studies did not support MetS was an independent risk factor of overall KOA in general population. However, MetS may be associated with an increased risk of severe KOA in general population, or overall KOA risk in women.

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P2637Hypertension as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0958 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Y Wang ◽

J Nie ◽

H Yu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Excess Risk ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract Background What is more, some recent meta-analysis have demonstrated the sex difference between smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and the risk of CVD mortality. Whether and to what extent the excess risk of cause-specific mortality from CVD death conferred by hypertension differs among women and men remain unclear. Objective A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to explore whether and to what extent the excess risk of cause-specific mortality from CVD death conferred by hypertension differs among women and men. Methods PubMed and EMBASE was systematically searched for prospective cohort studies published from inception to 7 October 2017. Eligible studies reported sex-specific relative risk (RR) estimates for mortality of all-cause, CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke associated with hypertension. The data were pooled using random effects models with inverse variance weighting, and estimates of the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRR) for each outcomes were derived. Results Twenty-four studies with 2,939,659 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The RR for CHD mortality associated with hypertension compared with no hypertension was 2.24 (95% CI 2.03–2.46) in women and 1. 72 (1.61–1.84) in men. The multiple-adjusted RRR for CHD mortality was 22% greater in women with hypertension than in men with hypertension (RRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.44) with no significant heterogencity between studies (I2=45%, P=0.11, Figure 1). No evidence was observed sex difference in the relationship between hypertension and the mortality from all-cause, CVD and stroke. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRR for all-cause mortality, CVD and stroke mortality were not significantly associated with cohort region, the duration of follow-up, mean age of participants and the publication year of studies. Conclusions Hypertension is a major risk factor for all-cause, CVD, CHD and stroke among women and men. Moreover, women with hypertension have more than a 22% higher risk of CHD mortality compared with men with hypertension. Further studies need to identify the biological and/or lifestyle mechanisms involved in sex differences driving these associations.

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