Species Diversity ofRamphogordius sanguineus/Lineus ruber-Like Nemerteans (Nemertea: Heteronemertea) and Geographic Distribution ofR. sanguineus

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Xing Kang ◽  
Fernando Ángel Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
José E. F. Alfaya ◽  
Annie Machordom ◽  
Malin Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Lineus Ruber

scholarly journals Phylogenetic paleoecology: macroecology within an evolutionary framework

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
James C. Lamsdell ◽  
Curtis R. Congreve
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The burgeoning field of phylogenetic paleoecology (Lamsdell et al. 2017) represents a synthesis of the related but differently focused fields of macroecology (Brown 1995) and macroevolution (Stanley 1975). Through a combination of the data and methods of both disciplines, phylogenetic paleoecology leverages phylogenetic theory and quantitative paleoecology to explain the temporal and spatial variation in species diversity, distribution, and disparity. Phylogenetic paleoecology is ideally situated to elucidate many fundamental issues in evolutionary biology, including the generation of new phenotypes and occupation of previously unexploited environments; the nature of relationships among character change, ecology, and evolutionary rates; determinants of the geographic distribution of species and clades; and the underlying phylogenetic signal of ecological selectivity in extinctions and radiations. This is because phylogenetic paleoecology explicitly recognizes and incorporates the quasi-independent nature of evolutionary and ecological data as expressed in the dual biological hierarchies (Eldredge and Salthe 1984; Congreve et al. 2018; Fig. 1), incorporating both as covarying factors rather than focusing on one and treating the other as error within the dataset.

scholarly journals Species diversity and geographic distribution of Gymnotus (Pisces: Gymnotiformes) by nuclear (GGAC)n microsatellite analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M.C. Fernandes-Matioli ◽  
S.R. Matioli ◽  
L.F. Almeida-Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Single Primer ◽  
Amplification Reaction ◽  
Simple Sequence

Patterns of amplified DNA fragments flanked by (GGAC)n microsatellites, obtained by single primer amplification reaction (SPAR), from 198 Gymnotus specimens (Pisces: Gymnotiformes) sampled from 8 southeastern Brazilian river basins were analyzed. The species studied were Gymnotus carapo, G. pantherinus, G. inaequilabiatus, and G. sylvius. The indirectly obtained patterns reflected the distribution of simple sequence repeats in the nuclear genome of the specimens. Species-specific patterns of DNA amplification were found and were useful for the analysis of the geographic distribution of Gymnotus species. Monomorphic patterns were found in G. carapo, G. pantherinus, and G. inaequilabiatus. Three polymorphic patterns were found in G. sylvius populations. The SPAR technique could be a useful molecular tool in conservation programs involving communities of neotropical freshwater fish.

scholarly journals Ocorrência e Distribuição de Coccinelídeos (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Associados às Plantas Cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Cassino ◽  
Reinildes Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Curinus Coeruleus ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
High Diversity

O estudo objetivou registrar a ocorrência, flutuação populacional das espécies de coccinelídeos e delinear a distribuição geográfica (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) associados as plantas cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram visitados 11 municípios situados em duas regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Baixada Fluminense e Região das Baixadas Litorâneas (Região Citrícola). O período de estudo foi de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2001. Os coccinelídeos foram observados, coletados, conservados e identificados. Desta forma 11 espécies foram observadas no Estado. Os municípios com maior ocorrência de espécies foi Seropédica e Araruama e com menor ocorrência foram São Pedro da Aldeia, Iguaba Grande, Tanguá e Itaboraí. A espécie que se verificou com maior distribuição foi Pentilia egena (Mulsant, 1850), presente em 10 municípios, e com menor distribuição foi Curinus coeruleus Mulsant 1850, presente em apenas um município. Quando avaliada a flutuação populacional, houve uma tendência na redução da população nos meses mais frios (inverno), sendo P. egena a espécie com maior média populacional (40%) e espécies dominantes juntamente com Azya luteipes Mulsant 1850. No período de estudo a diversidade de espécies foi considerada relativamente alta (α= 3,91) quando avaliada através do índice de Margalef e Shanon-Wiener (H'= 0,81), sendo considerada uma diversidade relativamente alta.   Occurrence and Distribution of Coccinelids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Associates at the Citrus Plants in Rio de Janeiro State Abstract. This work aimed to register the occurrence, study the population fluctuation the ladybeetles species and to delineate the geographic distribution (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) associated at citrus plants in Rio de Janeiro State. 11 districts situated in two regions of the Rio de Janeiro State were visited: "Baixada Fluminense" and "Região das Baixadas Litorâneas (Região Citrícola)". The study period was January 2000 to June 2001. The coccinellids was observed, collected, conserved, and identified. This way 11 species they were observed on State. The districts to larger species occurrence were Seropédica, and Araruama and to species lower was São Pedro da Aldeia, Iguaba Grande, Tanguá, Itaboraí, Natividade e Porciúncula. The species that it was verified in larger distribution were Pentilia egena (Mulsant, 1850), present in 10 districts, and with smaller distribution it was Curinus coeruleus Mulsant 1850, present in just only one district. When evaluated population fluctuation, there was a tendency in the reduction of the population in coldest (winter) moths, being P. egena the specie com average larger populational (40%) and dominant specie together with Azya luteipes Mulsant 1850. In study period the species diversity was high (α= 3.91) when evaluated through Margalef and Shanon-Wiener index's (H'=0.81), being considered a relatively high diversity.

scholarly journals Chondrophycus anabeliae and Laurencia digitata (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) are recorded for the first time for Venezuela expanding their geographic distributions beyond the type localities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-643
Author(s):  
Valéria Cassano ◽  
Luanda P. Soares ◽  
Beatriz Esther Vera-Vegas ◽  
Sonia Ardito ◽  
Santiago Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Diversity

Background: Over the course of approximately 12 years, the species of the Laurencia complex have been systematically studied in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean, showing high diversity (48 species), which has been underestimated for the coast of Venezuela. Questions: What is the species diversity of the Laurencia complex in Venezuela? Studied species: Chondrophycus anabeliae, Laurencia digitata. Study site and dates: Cayo Muerto, Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Estado Falcón, Venezuela, 2015. Methods: For molecular studies, the plastid rbcL gene and the mitochondrial DNA barcode marker COI-5P were used, combined with the study of current morpho-anatomical characters used for the identification of the species of the complex. Results: The occurrence of Chondrophycus, as currently circumscribed, was confirmed for the first time for Venezuela. Chondrophycus anabeliae and Laurencia digitata are reported for the first time beyond the type localities. Tetrasporophytes are described for the first time for L. digitata. Conclusions: Our findings expand the geographic distribution of Ch. anabeliae and L. digitata for the Venezuelan Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean, respectively.

scholarly journals Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) na Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Messias Barbosa São-Mateus ◽  
Domingos Cardoso ◽  
Jomar Gomes Jardim ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Shrubby Species ◽  
Total Species

This study presents a taxonomic account of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) from remnants of Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. We recorded 68 species and 32 genera within the following tribes: Phaseoleae (11 genera/24 species), Dalbergieae (9/20), Swartzieae (3/3), Millettieae (2/4), Sophoreae (2/2), Abreae (1/1), Crotalarieae (1/3), Desmodieae (1/7), Indigofereae (1/3), and Sesbanieae (1/1). Ten genera and 32 species are newly recorded for the flora of Rio Grande do Norte. The most species-rich genera were Desmodium (7 species), Centrosema (5), Stylosanthes (5), Aeschynomene (4), and Macroptilium (4). Herbaceous and shrubby species have predominated with 60% (41 spp.) of the total species diversity, following by the vines and lianas with 28% (19 spp.) and the trees with only 12% (8 spp.). Identification key, descriptions, diagnostic morphological characters, geographic distribution, and illustrations are also provided.

scholarly journals Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Dog Tick Species In Sri Lanka and The Life Cycle of Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Brown Dog Tick ◽  
Dog Tick

Abstract Background Tick infestations and canine tick-borne diseases have become a major emerging health concern of dogs in Sri Lanka. Information about tick species infesting dogs and their geographic distribution in Sri Lanka is largely unknown. Methods An island-wide, cross-sectional survey of tick species infesting the domestic dog was carried out, and the life cycle of the major dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was studied under laboratory conditions. Results A total of 3,026 ticks were collected from 1,219 dogs of different breeds in all 25 districts in the three climatic zones: Wet, Dry, and Intermediate zones. Eight species in five genera were identified: R. sanguineus (63.4%), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (22.0%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (12.5%), Haemaphysalis intermedia (0.9%), Haemaphysalis turturis (0.6%), Amblyoma integrum (0.4%), Dermacentor auratus (0.2%) and Hyalomma sp (0.06%). The brown dog tick, R. sanguineus was the dominant species in the Dry and Wet zones, while R. haemaphysaloides was the dominant species in the Intermediate zone. Species diversity (presented as Shannon diversity index H) in the three was 1.135, 1.021and 0.849 in Intermediate, Dry and Wet zones, respectively. Adults formed 94.7% with a significantly higher number of females, and the rest were nymphs. Rhipicephalus sanguineus preferred the anterior side of the host body, specifically the inner and outer side of the ear. In contrast, R. haemaphysaloides preferred the posterior side, mainly the fore and hind limbs. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus was completed within 70–126 days, all three stages successfully fed on the New Zealand white rabbits under laboratory conditions. The mean REI and RFI were 50.8 ± 9.69 and 9.1 ± 5.01, respectively. Larger females had higher reproductive success. Conclusion The dominant dog tick species and the species diversity varied in different climatic regions of Sri Lanka. Information on diversity, distribution and life cycle parameters is fundamental for studies of canine tick-borne infections, zoonoses, and their epidemiology.

Species diversity and geographic distribution of wild Orchidaceae in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoHua JIN ◽  
YinBo ZHANG ◽  
KePing MA ◽  
HaoDong DU
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distribution

scholarly journals Estrutura e composição do estrato herbáceo em um remanescente de Floresta Semidecidual Submontana no Nordeste do Brasil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Lira Viana ◽  
Maria Regina De Vasconcellos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phytosociological Study

The vegetation of a Submontane Semidecidual Seasonal Forest in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve Pedra D’Anta Farm, in Pernambuco State, Brazil, was sampled with the following objectives: 1- to inventory the terrestrial herbs; 2- to characterize the structure of the herbaceous synusiae; 3- to characterize the geographic distribution of terrestrial herbs; and 4- to characterize the heliophyte and sciophyte herbs. Arbitrary walks were performed for a general survey of species, and 20 transects were used to sample the structure in 50 plots of 1 m² each. Frequencies and densities were calculated, with diversity measured by the indicator of specific richness (S) and the Shannon index (H'). A total of 107 species in 75 genera and 39 families were collected, with 25 of these species included in the phytosociological study. Poaceae was the family with the highest number of species in both floristic and phytosociological studies. The species Parodiolyra micrantha and Oplismenus hirtellus were the most frequent and abundant. Species diversity (H') was 2.85 nats. The herbaceous layer was found to be rich, having a composition consisting mostly of widely dispersed species, with a prevalence of herbal hemicryptophytes. Although the study area presents a fragmented landscape and occurrence of many ruderal species, it represents a refuge for rare species like Psilochilus modestus and Streptochaeta spicata.

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