scholarly journals Sexava nubila (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): Ledakan dan Kerusakannya pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit / Sexava nubila (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): Outbreak and Its Damage on Oil palm

Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelfina C. Alouw ◽  
Meldy L.A. Hosang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Oecophylla Smaragdina ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Papua Barat

<p>Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the major estate crops in West Papua in terms of total area and production. Thousand hectares of oil palm plantations in Manokwari, West Papua Province, have inflicted serious leaflets damage that only the midrib of the frond remains as reported by The Provincial Estate Crop Agency. The objectives of the research were to determine insect pest causing the leaf damage and its damage level on the oil palm plantations of West Papua Province.  The research was conducted in June 2016 at the oil palm estate of PT Yongjing Investindo and PT. Medco Papua Hijau Selaras, West Papua.  Field observation and identification in the laboratory showed that the causative agent is Sexava nubila (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae).  S. nubila known as the main pest attacking coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) in several locations in Eastern Indonesia, has invaded oil  palms and causing severe damage, 20 to 100% of leaflet damage. Natural enemies found in the Sexava-attacking areas including crow, ant (Oecophylla smaragdina), praying mantids (Orthopthera: Mantidae), and egg parasitoid (Leefmansia bicolor).This is the first report on the invasion of S. nubila to oil palm plantation. Serious attention is urgently needed to prevent further economic yield losses due to the pest on oil palm plantations in West Papua Province. </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Provinsi Papua Barat berdasarkan luas areal dan produksinya. Ribuan hektar tanaman kelapa sawit yang berumur sekitar 25 tahun dilaporkan oleh Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Papua Barat mengalami kerusakan berat, yaitu daunnya tinggal lidi-lidi.  Diduga kerusakan tersebut akibat serangan hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama dan tingkat kerusakannya pada pertanaman kelapa sawit di Provinsi Papua Barat.  Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Juni 2016 di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Yongjing Investindo dan PT. Medco Papua Hijau Selaras. Kegiatan survei dilakukan untuk mendapatkan sampel serangga hama dan mengestimasi tingkat kerusakannya, serta mengoleksi jenis musuh alami yang berasosiasi dengan target hama, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan laboratorium untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil identifikasi hama dan jenis musuh alaminya. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa  penyebab kerusakan pada kelapa sawit di PT Yongjing Investindo dan PT. Medco Papua Hijau Selaras, Papua Barat adalah belalang Sexava nubila Stal. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae).  S. nubila merupakan hama kelapa (Cocos nucifera) yang sudah lama ada di beberapa daerah di Papua Barat.  S. nubila merusak  daun kelapa sawit dengan tingkat kerusakan mencapai  20-100% sehingga kerusakannya dikategorikan sangat merusak. Musuh-musuh alami S. nubila yang banyak ditemukan di lapangan adalah burung gagak, semut rangrang (Oecophylla smaragdina), belalang sembah (Orthopthera: Mantidae), dan parasitoid telur (Leefmansia bicolor).  Hasil penelitian ini merupakan  laporan pertama tentang serangan hama S. nubila pada tanaman kelapa sawit.  Perlu upaya  serius dan tindakan pengendalian yang segera  untuk menghindari kerugian ekonomi yang besar pada pertanaman sawit di Papua Barat.</p><p> </p><br />Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Provinsi Papua Barat berdasarkan luas areal dan produksinya. Ribuan hektar tanaman kelapa sawit yang berumur sekitar 25 tahun dilaporkan oleh Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Papua Barat mengalami kerusakan berat, yaitu daunnya tinggal lidi-lidi.  Diduga kerusakan tersebut akibat serangan hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama dan tingkat kerusakannya pada pertanaman kelapa sawit di Provinsi Papua Barat.  Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Juni 2016 di perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Yongjing Investindo dan PT. Medco Papua Hijau Selaras. Kegiatan survei dilakukan untuk mendapatkan sampel serangga hama dan mengestimasi tingkat kerusakannya, serta mengoleksi jenis musuh alami yang berasosiasi dengan target hama, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan laboratorium untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil identifikasi hama dan jenis musuh alaminya. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa  penyebab kerusakan pada kelapa sawit di PT Yongjing Investindo dan PT. Medco Papua Hijau Selaras, Papua Barat adalah belalang Sexava nubila Stal. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae).  S. nubila merupakan hama kelapa (Cocos nucifera) yang sudah lama ada di beberapa daerah di Papua Barat.  S. nubila merusak  daun kelapa sawit dengan tingkat kerusakan mencapai  20-100% sehingga kerusakannya dikategorikan sangat merusak. Musuh-musuh alami S. nubila yang banyak ditemukan di lapangan adalah burung gagak, semut rangrang (Oecophylla smaragdina), belalang sembah (Orthopthera: Mantidae), dan parasitoid telur (Leefmansia bicolor).  Hasil penelitian ini merupakan  laporan pertama tentang serangan hama S. nubila pada tanaman kelapa sawit.  Perlu upaya  serius dan tindakan pengendalian yang segera  untuk menghindari kerugian ekonomi yang besar pada pertanaman sawit di Papua Barat.

scholarly journals Ulat Bulu Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Hama Potensial pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit [Hairy Caterpillar, Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Potential Pest on Oil Palm]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Meldy L.A. Hosang ◽  
Jelfina C. Alouw ◽  
Fadjry Djufry
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Papua Barat

<p>The outbreaks of hairy caterpillar pests on oil palm plants that are quite severe in one of the estate oil palm plantations in West Papua occurred in 2016. Species of hairy caterpillar and the level of its damage are not known yet for certain. The purposes of this research were to identify the pest causing oil palm damage and to determine the level of palm damage, pest population and their natural enemies. Three locations were selected on the Marmare Sub District, Manokwari, West Papua. In each location, 30 plants were selected randomly in the area of the pest attack and the leaf damage was estimated. Identification result of the pest that attack young oil palm trees in PT Yongjing Investindo, West Papua was the hairy caterpillar called tusock moth, Orgyia sp. The pest caused low (5-20%) and moderate (30-40%) level of foliar damage found in 81.1% (73 plants) and 18.9% (17 plants) palm population respectively. Since palm damage potentially reduced oil palm production, regularly monitoring pest populations are needed to prevent pest outbreak.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Ledakan serangan hama ulat bulu pada tanaman kelapa sawit, cukup parah di salah satu perkebunan sawit swasta di Papua Barat terjadi pada tahun 2016. Jenis ulat bulu dan tingkat kerusakannya belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama ulat bulu, tingkat kerusakan, populasi hama, dan musuh alaminya. Survei hama dilakukan di tiga lokasi di Distrik Marmare, Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat. Pada masing-masing lokasi dipilih 30 pohon contoh secara acak pada lokasi serangan hama kemudian diestimasi tingkat kerusakan. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa jenis ulat yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit muda di PT Yongjing Investindo, Papua Barat adalah ulat bulu Orgyia sp. Dari 90 tanaman contoh, kerusakan ringan (5-20%) akibat serangan Orgyia sp. dapat mencapai 81,1% (73 tanaman) dan sebanyak 18,9% (17 tanaman), termasuk tingkat serangan sedang (30-40%). Serangan ulat bulu Orgyia sp. pada perkebunan sawit masih terbatas di Distrik Marmare, tetapi berpotensi meluas ke areal pertanaman sawit lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan monitoring dan pengendalian di lapangan untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih parah.</p>

Coconut cadang-cadang viroid. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Coconut cadang-cadang viroid. Hosts: Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Corypha elata, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Guam, Philippines, Solomon Islands.

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Hosts: polyphagous including coconut (Cocos nucifera), banana (Musa), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and many ornamentals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) and North America (Belize, Mexico, USA, Florida).

scholarly journals Bud Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora: A Destructive Emerging Disease of Oil Palm

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Torres ◽  
G. A. Sarria ◽  
G. Martinez ◽  
F. Varon ◽  
A. Drenth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
The Tropics

Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. Epidemics caused by P. infestans precipitated the great Irish famine and had a major impact on society and human history. In the tropics, P. palmivora is a pathogen of many plant species including cacao (Theobroma cacao), citrus (Citrus sp.), durian (Durio zibethines), jackfruit (Artrocarpus heterophyllus), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and several palm species including coconut (Cocos nucifera), and the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as determined recently. The first localized epidemics of bud rot in oil palm in Colombia were reported in 1964. However, recent epidemics of bud rot have destroyed more than 70,000 ha of oil palm in the Western and Central oil palm growing regions of Colombia. The agricultural, social, and economic implications of these outbreaks have been significant in Colombia. Identification of the pathogen after 100 years of investigating the disease in the world enabled further understanding of infection, expression of a range of symptoms, and epidemiology of the disease. This review examines the identification of P. palmivora as the cause of bud rot in Colombia, its epidemiology, and discusses the importance of P. palmivora as a major threat to oil palm plantings globally.

Parlagena bennetti. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parlagena bennetti Williams. Hemiptera: Diaspididae. Hosts: coconuts (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Central America and Caribbean (Honduras, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Colombia, Venezuela).

Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. [Distribution map].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Central America ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Goodey Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Mainly coconut (Cocos nucifera), also oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and other palms. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Para, Sergipe, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Development of new marker methods—an example from oil palm

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Price ◽  
Alan H. Schulman ◽  
Sean Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Diversity Studies

AbstractThis paper reviews marker methods based on retrotransposons and illustrates examples from oil palm. Prior to this study, very little had been known about the repetitive DNA present in oil palm and no marker systems based on retrotransposons had been developed. Firstly, copia like retrotransposons of Elaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera were characterized by performing phylogenetic analyses on a portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of copia-like retrotransposons. The results identified three classes of copia-like retrotransposons in the three species studied. While the C-class RT sequences seemed to have amplified preferentially only in Elaeis guineensis, the classes A and B were present in Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera as well. Secondly, long terminal repeats (LTRs) from these retrotransposon classes were isolated as a prelude to developing a marker system in palm based on retrotransposons. The B- and C-class LTRs were isolated by primer walking from the RT region and the B-class from Elaeis oleifera and Cocos nucifera with the use of oil palm-specific RnaseH primers. The method has been developed and applied for breeding purposes in oil palm, hybrids between E. oleifera and E. guineensis and within the tribe Cocoeae. There is scope for the method to be used in the isolation of new retrotransposon families endogenous for each palm species and as an alternative to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in diversity studies within the Palmae.

scholarly journals Keragaman Fenotipe dan Genetik Kumbang Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pada Tanaman Kelapa; The Genetic and Phenotypic Diversities of Brontispa longissima Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Coconut Palms

Buletin Palma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jelfina C. Alouw ◽  
Ismail Maskromo ◽  
Fadjry Djufry
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Different Color

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em>Brontispa longissima </em>merupakan salah satu hama utama kelapa yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan daun dan kehilangan hasil kelapa secara ekonomi. Terdapat variasi warna dan pola pewarnaan <em>elytra</em> <em>B. longissima</em> yang tersebar di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman fenotipe dan genetik hama <em>Brontispa longissima</em> yang berasal dari beberapa daerah dengan menggunakan marka RAPD. Analisis keragaman genetik berdasarkan marka RAPD dilakukan terhadap hama <em>B. longissima</em> yang dikoleksi dari Sulawesi Utara (Sulut), Sulawesi Selatan (Sulsel), Ambon/Seram, dan Papua Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu Hama dan Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma (Balit Palma), dan Laboratorium Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen), dari Bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2016. Berdasarkan analisis RAPD menggunakan 3 primer pada enam sampel <em>B. longissima </em>menunjukkan sampel mengelompok menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I terdiri atas sampel Papua Barat dan Sulsel 2 dan kelompok II  terdiri dari sampel  Ambon/Seram, Sulut 1, Sulut 2 dan Sulsel 1  dengan tingkat kemiripan sekitar 50%. Pada kelompok I, sampel Papua Barat dan Sulsel 2 mempunyai kemiripan sekitar 75%. Kemiripan tertinggi      (&gt; 80 %) tampak antara sampel Sulut 1 dan Sulut 2 yang memiliki warna dan pola warna <em>elytra</em> yang berbeda. Primer OPA 01 dapat digunakan untuk membedakan antar sampel atau keragaman populasi sehingga dapat diaplikasikan sebagai alat deteksi yang cepat dan akurat.   </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><em>Brontispa longissima </em>is one of the main pests of coconut causing leaf damage and yield losses. Variation of color and pattern of the elytra was found among population of <em>B. longissima</em> distributed in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to analyze the phenotypic and genetic diversities of <em>Brontispa longissima</em> pests from several regions using RAPD markers. RAPD marker based diversities analysis was carried out to evaluate genetic and phenotipic relationships among population of <em>B. longissima</em> collected from North Sulawesi (Sulut), South Sulawesi (Sulsel), Ambon/Seram, and West Papua. Laboratory expriments were carried out at the Integrated Pest and Disease Laboratory of The Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute (IPCRI) and the Laboratory of The Indonesian Center For Agricultural Biotechnology And Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABOG RAD) from March to November 2016.  Three of the twenty primers selected, have grouped the samples into two distinct clusters.  Cluster analysis indicated 75% similarities between West Papua (P) populations and collections from South Sulawesi 2, and 50% similarities among samples from Ambon/Seram, North Sulawesi 1 and 2, and South Sulawesi 1. The highest similarity of more than 80% was found on two samples from North Sulawesi having different color and pattern of elytra. Primer OPA-01 showed highest polymorphism percentage.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUSTIAMAN PURBA ◽  
RAHMAH HAYATI ◽  
LOLLIE A.P. PUTRI ◽  
DIANA CHALIL ◽  
INDRA SYAHPUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Distinct Individual ◽  
Plantation Crops

Abstract. Purba A, Hayati R, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Afandi D, Syahputra I, Basyuni M. 2020. Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops. Biodiversitas 21: 451-456. Oil palm is an economically important plant, which one of the most important sources of vegetable oil in the world. However, oil palm plantation and other crops face the treat basal stem rot (BSR) disease by Ganoderma boninense. A study on genetic diversity and structure of G. boninense is therefore needed in order to formulate improved control strategies for this disease. This work aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the G. boninense isolates derived from different hosts, 131 oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), six rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), three coconuts (Cocos nucifera), and three lontar palm (Borassus flabellifer). Genetic diversity and population structure of G. boninense isolates were investigated using six SSR markers with GenAlex 6.502 software. Results showed that several microsatellite loci indicated specific primary success rates, such as KT124402, KT124399, and KT124394, depicting high polymorphism content (>75%). This result suggested that these markers were equally effective in determining the polymorphisms of G. boninense isolates. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic diversity mostly found among individuals within a population (88%), then among populations (8%), and within individuals (4%).. Phylogeny analysis showed two clusters of Ganoderma isolates. which was considered variation as dissimilar across with origin. The present study indicated that G. boninense from oil palm was predominantly comprised of a genetically distinct individual.

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