scholarly journals Tanaman Perangkap untuk Pengendalian Serangga Hama Tembakau

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
. Nurindah ◽  
Dwi Adi Sunarto ◽  
. Sujak
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Pull Strategy

<p>Pengelolaan serangga hama dalam good agricultural practices (GAP) menerapkan cara-cara memproduksi tanaman yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan metode-metode pengelolaan serangga hama yang dapat meningkatkan keragaman genetik, keanekaragaman hayati dan habitatnya, serta terhadap struktur sosial dan komunitas pedesaan. Strategi ‘tolak-tarik’ (‘push-pull’ strategy) merupakan salah satu teknik pengenda-lian hama yang berprinsip pada komponen pengendalian non-toksik, sehingga dapat diintegrasikan dengan metode-metode lain yang dapat menekan perkembangan populasi hama dengan meningkatkan peran mu-suh alami pada pertanaman. Penelitian tanaman perangkap untuk pengendalian serangga tanaman temba-kau cerutu besuki dilaksanakan di Desa Antirogo, Kecamatan Sumbersari, Jember pada bulan Agustus–De-sember 2008. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tanaman jarak kepyar, sorgum, dan kacang hijau sebagai ta-naman penarik yang ditanam secara berlajur sebanyak satu atau dua baris di antara delapan baris tanaman tembakau. Sebagai pembanding adalah tanaman tembakau monokultur dengan penyemprotan insektisida secara berjadwal setiap empat hari sejak 10–50 HST dan petak kontrol, yaitu tanaman monokultur tanpa pe-ngendalian hama sama sekali. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan yang diulang lima kali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih tanaman perangkap yang dapat digunakan da-lam program pengendalian hama cerutu besuki secara terpadu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanam-an jarak kepyar, sorgum, dan kacang hijau dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman perangkap, sehingga populasi hama pada tembakau dapat ditekan hingga 50% dan diperoleh produksi daun basah (8,62–9,17 ton/ha vs 8,42 ton/ha) dan kerosok (1,01–1,07 ton/ha vs 0,96 ton/ha) dengan mutu yang lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol (indeks mutu: 62,5–64,4 vs 62,1). Penggunaan kacang hijau memberikan produksi kerosok dengan mutu baik tertinggi, sehingga memberikan penerimaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lain. Pe-nyemprotan insektisida secara berjadwal untuk mengendalikan serangga hama tembakau cerutu besuki na-oogst merupakan tindakan pengendalian yang tidak efektif dan juga tidak efisien, karena sasaran serangga hama tidak tepat, sehingga terjadi pemborosan biaya input.</p><p> </p><p>Pest management in good agricultural practices concept use methods of qualified crop production processes with considering increasing genetic diversity, biodiversity and its habitat as well as social structure and village community. Push-and-pull strategy is a pest control method with a non-toxic method principal so that it can be integrated with other methods to suppress pest population and increase natural enemies’ populationin the ecosystems. Research on trap crops used for controlling insect pests on besuki-cigar tobaccowas conducted on besuki-cigar tobacco fields planted after rice (na-oogst) in Jember on August–December2008. In this research activity we used castor, sorghum, and mungbean as trap crops, each was intercroppedin one or two rows between eight rows of tobacco plants. We used monoculture tobacco plants withscheduled sprays of chemical insecticide, i.e. 4 days-spray interval on 10–50 days after planting and controlplots without any insect pest control for comparison with the use of trap crops. The research was arrangedin randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates. The aim of the research is to choose asuitable trap crop used in pest management of besuki cigar tobacco. The results showed that castor, sorghum,and mungbean could be use as trap crops to suppress insect pests population up to 25% on tobaccoplants and would give leaf production (1.01–1.07 ton/ha vs 0,96 ton cured leaves/ha) with a better quality(quality index: 62.5–64.4 vs 62.1) than those of control. Mungbean is the best trap crop as it gives a highestleaf production with a better quality, so that gives a better income than those of other treatments. Scheduledchemical insecticide sprays to control insect pest on na-oogst-besuki cigar tobacco was not either effectiveor efficient, because the target pest was not right, so that causing a wasteful input cost.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

scholarly journals 634A PB 527 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH A CABBAGE-INDIAN MUSTARD COMPANION PLANTING

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 523d-523
Author(s):  
David A. Bender ◽  
William P. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Crop System

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been reported to be a preferred host for diamondhack moth (Plutella xylostellu) and other insect pests when interplanted with cabbage (Brasssica oleracea var. capitata). A cabbage-Indian mustard companion planting study was conducted to determine the seasonal occurrence of cabbage insects and the potential for using a trap-crop system to reduce insecticide applications to cabbage in West Texas. Three-row plots of cabbage 9 m long were transplanted with and without sequentially seeded borders of Indian mustard in three seasons. Harmful and beneficial insects were counted at roughly weekly intervals. Insecticides were applied when insect populations in individual plots reached predetermined thresholds. Indian mustard did not appear to be more attractive than cabbage to lepidopterous pests, but did preferentially attract hemipterans, particularly harlequin bugs (Margantia histrionica). The mustard trap crop eliminated two insecticide` applications in one trial by reducing harlequin bug pressure on the cabbage.

Insect Pest Management in Stored Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somiahnadar Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Food Commodities

Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.

Regulatory roles of microRNAs in insect pests: prospective targets for insect pest control

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Wei Dou ◽  
Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning ◽  
Guy Smagghe ◽  
Jin-Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Pest Control

scholarly journals Evaluation of New Systemic Insecticides for Elm Insect Pest Control

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Casey Sclar ◽  
Whitney S. Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Abstract Use of systemic insecticides that can be injected either into the root system or trunk of woody plants provides several potential advantages, notably in control of drift during application. Recently, new classes of insecticides with systemic activity have been developed, which may supplant the organophosphate and carbamate systemic insecticides that have previously been available. To evaluate their potential to control insects affecting shade trees, studies were conducted using imidacloprid and abamectin on elm. Soil injections of imidacloprid appeared particularly effective, controlling all three of the target pest species in this study (elm leaf beetle, European elm scale, elm leaf aphid). Both imidacloprid and abamectin also were effective against at least some elm insects when injected into trunks. Persistence of irnidacloprid was unusually long, providing second season control of all elm insect pests, although root uptake following soil injections was slow.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Regimes and Spacing on Insect Pest Infestation and Efficacy of Control Measures in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
G. O. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
And Control

Aim: Information on the influence of water availability during different seasons of rainfed or irrigated agriculture as it relates to insect pest population build-up in crops could assist in the development of integrated pest management. A study was therefore conducted to investigate effects of spacing, pest infestation and control on cucumber under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Place and Duration of Study: At the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 rainy and dry seasons. Methodology: The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement in five replications, with spacing (60 x 60 cm, 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm) as the main plot treatments and the sub-plot treatments were different pest control strategies. The pest control strategies include synthetic insecticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin), botanical insecticide (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and control. Growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded. Insect pest occurrence, their build-up and percentage infestation on cucumber and the efficacy of the management strategies were monitored. Results: The results showed that yield was enhanced in irrigated system with the widest spacing of 60 x 120 cm botanical treatment interaction. Bemisia tabaci was the most prominent insect pest attacking cucumber under irrigated system. Conclusion: Other cultural control practices such as the use of trap crops with little or no financial implication should also be added to botanical pesticides as an integrated pest management tactic for effective management and control of the pest.

scholarly journals Hydrogels: From Controlled Release to a New Bait Delivery for Insect Pest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2061-2068
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Tay ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani ◽  
Michael K Rust
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Abstract Here, we review the literature on the development and application of hydrogel compounds for insect pest management. Researchers have used hydrogel compounds for the past few decades to achieve the controlled release of various contact insecticides, but in recent years, hydrogel compounds have also been used to absorb and deliver targeted concentrations of toxicants within a liquid bait to manage insect pests. The highly absorbent hydrogel acts as a controlled-release formulation that keeps the liquid bait available and palatable to the target pests. This review discusses the use of various types of hydrogel compounds in pest management based on different environmental settings (e.g., agricultural, urban, and natural areas), pest systems (e.g., different taxa), and modes of insecticide delivery (e.g., spray vs bait). Due to their unique physicochemical properties, hydrogel compounds have great potential to be developed into new and efficacious pest management strategies with minimal environmental impact. We will also discuss the future research and development of hydrogels in this review.

scholarly journals Major Lessons From Large-Scale Trap Cropping Demonstrations for Pest Reduction in Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayanava Majumdar ◽  
Matthew Price
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

Abstract Vegetable production in the Southeast is always at high risk from insect pests. Alternative integrated pest management (IPM) systems have to be effective in small plot as well as at the farming scale. This article explores the recent studies on large-scale trap crops using single or multiple cultivars and innovative layouts for long-term pest reduction. Trap crops must be planned carefully under high pest pressure and drought conditions along with an insecticide use strategy that minimizes external inputs and conserves natural enemies. Through participatory research approach, trap crop systems continue to evolve into practical solutions for the vegetable producers.

scholarly journals The Promise of a Multi-Disciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach to Inform Insect Pest Management: Evidence From Wyoming Alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Shiri Noy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Insect Management

Pest management strategies involve a complex set of considerations, circumstances, and decision-making. Existing research suggests that farmers are reflexive and reflective in their management choices yet continue to employ curative rather than preventative strategies, and opt for chemical over biological solutions. In this piece, we detail work from a two-year, multidisciplinary, mixed-methods study of insect pest management strategies in alfalfa in Wyoming, integrating data from four focus groups, a statewide survey, and biological sampling of production fields. We outline how these different sources of data together contribute to a more complete understanding of the challenges and strategies employed by farmers, and specifically on biological pest control. We applied this approach across alfalfa hay and seed crop systems. Relatively few farmers acknowledged biological control in focus groups or surveys, yet biological exploration yielded abundant parasitism of common pest alfalfa weevil. On the other hand, parasitism of seed alfalfa pest Lygus was far less common and patchy across fields. It is only in integrating quantitative and qualitative, biological and social data that we are able to generate a more complete portrait of the challenges and opportunities of working with farmers to embrace a preventative paradigm. In doing so, we offer insights on possible barriers to the adoption of preventative insect management strategies and provide a case study of integrating social science and biophysical techniques to better understand opportunities to expand biological pest control in cropping systems.

Cotton Insect Pest Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Great Economic Importance

Despite competition from other natural and man-made fibres cotton remains the world's most important textile, of great economic importance in many of the countries in which it is grown. It is prone to a number of pests which reduce yield and the control of these presents many problems. While integrated pest management can solve many of these, some use of insecticides cannot be avoided.

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