scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT Phellinus noxius PADA JAMBU METE DAN BEBERAPA JENIS TANAMAN BERKAYU LAINNYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
NFN Supriadi ◽  
E. M. Adhi ◽  
S. Rahayuningsih ◽  
M. Dahsyat
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
New Host ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
The One ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

<p>Gejala busuk akar cokelat pada tanaman jambu mete di Sumbawa, khususnya Kecamatan Pekat, Dompu-NTB diasosiasikan dengan serangan Phellinus noxius. Secara ilmiah jamur ini belum dapat dibuktikan patogensitasnya. Penelitian ini betujuan menguraikan hasil penelitian tentang uji patogenisitas isolat P. noxius pada bibit jambu mete dan 6 jenis tanaman berkayu lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2003 di laboratoium dan rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Isolat P. noxius diperoleh dari tanaman jambu mete sakit Kecamatan Pekat, Dompu-NTB, kemudian diperbanyak pada medium campuran beras jagung (1:1) dalam botol selai (vol. 250 ml.). Biakan inokulum jamur berumur salu bulan diinokulasikan pada pangkal batang dai tujuh jenis tanaman berkayu, yaitu: jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale) jenis Balakrisnan, kayu manis (Cinnamomum casia dan C. burmanii), kopi (Cofea arabtca), jarak pagar (Jatropa curcas). kapok (Ceiba pentandra), dan singkong (Manihot utilissima) yang ditumbuhkan di dalam kantong plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam dai tanaman yang diinokulasi dengan P. noxius menghasilkan gejala penyakit daun menguning dan layu, sama sepeti gejala penyakit di lapangan. Bibit yang diinokulasi mati dalam waktu 2-3 minggu sampai dengan 2 bulan setelah inokulasi. Satu-satunya jenis tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala berbeda dan tidak mati, adalah singkong yang menunjukkan gejala kcrdil. Tanaman jambu mete dan jarak pagar merupakan tanaman inang yang baru untuk P. noxius. karena tanaman lainnya sudah pemah dilaporkan sebelumnya.. Mengingat ganasnya serangan P. noxius pada bibit yang diinokulasi maka kcwaspadaan perlu ditingkatkan untuk mencegah tersebamya penyakit ini ke daerah pengembangan mete lainnya di NTB.<br /><br />Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, Phellinus noxius. patogenisitas<br /><br /><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Pathogenicity of Phellinus noxius isolatedfrom diseased cashew and other woody plants</p><p>Brown root rot symptom on cashew in Sumbawa, especially in Pekat Distict, Dompu - West Nusa Tenggara is associated with the attack of Phellinus noxius. The pathogenicity of this fungus has not been proven scientiically. This experiment was aimed to analyse the result of pathogenicity test of P. noxius isolate on the seedlings of cashew and 6 other woody plants. This research was done in 2003 in the laboratory and glass house of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crop Research Institute. The P. noxius isolate was obtained from the infected cashew in Pekat District, Dompu - West Nusa Tcnggara, then multiplied in the mixture of rice and com medium in the 250 ml jam bottle. The one month fungus culture was inoculated on the stem base of the seven woody plants, namely cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Balakhrisnan cullivar, cinnamon (Cinnamommum casia and C. burmanii), coffee (Coffea arabica), castor (Jatropa curcas), kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and cassava (Manihot uilissima) grown in plastic pots. The result of this expeiment indicated that the six kinds of plants inoculated with /' noxius showed disease symptoms, such as wilting and yellowing of the leaves and died in about 2-3 weeks up to 2 months ater inoculation. The only plant that was not died but showed different symptom was cassava, its growth was very stunted but not died. The two plants, i.e. cashew and castor were new host plants for P. noxius. Considering the viciousness of /'. noxius atack on the inoculated seedlings, therefore the awareness to prevent the spread of this disease to other cashew plantations in West Nusa Tenggara should be raised.<br /><br />Key words : Anacardium occidentale. cashew, Phellinus noxius. pathogenicity</p>

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation and Spatial Structure of Phellinus noxius, the Causal Agent of Brown Root Rot of Woody Plants in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0141792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuteru Akiba ◽  
Yuko Ota ◽  
Isheng J. Tsai ◽  
Tsutomu Hattori ◽  
Norio Sahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse‐Yen Liu ◽  
Chao‐Han Chen ◽  
Yu‐Liang Yang ◽  
Isheng J. Tsai ◽  
Ying‐Ning Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

New host and distributional records for Camarosporidiella in Italy, Russia, and Ukraine

Mycotaxon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-489
Author(s):  
Dhandevi Pem ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Timur S. Bulgakov ◽  
Irina V. Bondarenko-Borisova ◽  
Mingkwan Doilom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Elaeagnus Angustifolia ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
New Host ◽  
Amorpha Fruticosa ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
New Host Records

Camarosporidiella specimens collected from woody plants in central Italy, eastern Ukraine, and southeastern Russia were identified based on morphology and multi-gene (LSU, SSU, ITS, and TEF) sequence analyses. Camarosporidiella caraganicola on Amorpha fruticosa, C. celtidis on Ulmus pumila, C. elaeagnicola on Cytisus ruthenicus are described with new host records and as new fungal records for Ukraine. Camarosporidiella moricola on Morus nigra is newly reported for Italy, and C. robiniicola on Robinia pseudoacacia is new for Ukraine. Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola on Elaeagnus angustifolia is re-described to facilitate identification. Notes on host distribution of Camarosporidiellaceae are also provided.

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Parasites of round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, currently invading the Elbe River

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kvach ◽  
Markéta Ondračková ◽  
Michal Janáč ◽  
Vadym Krasnovyd ◽  
Mária Seifertová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Goby ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
New Host ◽  
The North ◽  
Round Gobies ◽  
The Elbe River ◽  
The One

Abstract The round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, is a Ponto-Caspian fish species currently found in many parts of Europe, including the North Sea riverine deltas. The objective of this study was to examine the parasite community of fish caught in the lower Elbe (Süderelbe – tidal zone; Geesthacht – non-tidal) in Germany and compare it with published data from the upper Elbe (Ústí nad Labem) in the Czech Republic. Twelve parasite taxa were recorded in the lower Elbe, six in the Süderelbe and nine near the city of Geesthacht. Süderelbe fish were mainly infected with Angullicola crassus larvae, while gobies from Geesthacht – with glochidia and sporadically occurring Pomporhynchus laevis, and the opposite situation was observed at Ústí nad Labem. It appears that a large tidal weir at Geesthacht significantly contributes to the division of the round goby population, with the Geesthacht parasite community being more similar to that at Ústí nad Labem than the one from the Süderelbe, thus increasing the likelihood that shipping from Hamburg was the introduction vector to Ústí nad Labem. We also recorded Acanthocephalus rhinensis in the Elbe for the first time, and in a new host – the round goby. Thus, round gobies may represent a new vector for the introduction of this parasite along the Elbe.

scholarly journals Olive tree represents a new host of a subgroup 16SrVII-B phytoplasma associated with witches’ broom disease in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacson Ferreira ◽  
Thays Benites Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Alves Almeida ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
New Host ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Olive Trees

Olive trees exhibiting slow development, yellowing, and high intensity of shoot proliferation with small leaves were observed in commercial plantings, in the municipality of Extrema, Minas Gerais (MG) state in 2015. The incidence of symptomatic plants was about 70% and diseased trees presented yield reduction. Here we report the association of symptomatic olive trees with a phytoplasma and describe its molecular identification. Symptomatic plants (38 trees) were sampled in three growing areas located in the same municipality. The samples consisted of bunch of leaves and young shoots. The total DNA was extracted using DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Phytoplasma detection was conducted by nested PCR with primers P1/16S-SR (Lee et al. 2004) followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (Gundersen and Lee 1996). PCR assays generated amplicons (~1.2 kb) from 28 trees out of 38 symptomatic plants, confirming the association of phytoplasma with diseased plants. The disease was named olive witches’ broom. The genomic fragments amplified by nested PCR were cloned into Escherichia coli DH5α and sequenced. The sequence representative of the olive phytoplasma was designated OWB-Br01 (Olive Wiches' Broom-Brazil 01) and deposited in GenBank under accession number MH141985. This sequence shared 99% sequence identity with phytoplasmas affiliated with 16SrVII group. According to the iPhyClassifier online tool (Zhao et al. 2009) the olive witches’-broom phytoplasma was classified as a variant of subgroup 16SrVII-B with a pattern similarity coefficient of 0.99. The phylogenetic tree showed that OWB-Br01 phytoplasma emerges from the same branch of the reference phytoplasma of the 16SrVII-B subgroup (Erigeron witches᾽-broom phytoplasma - GenBank AY034608), indicating that the olive tree phytoplasma is a member of the 16SrVII-B subgroup. The pathogenicity test was performed with 28 healthy plants (cultivar Arbequina) grown in pots, which were grafted by simple english forklift with scions obtained from olive plants (Arbequina) six years old, naturally infected by the phytoplasma. The initial symptoms were observed four months after grafting and at eight months 22 grafted plants exhibited slow growth, yellowing, and small leaves as those naturally observed in the fields. Molecular characterization allowed identify the phytoplasma as a member of the 16SrVII-B subgroup. In Brazil, representatives of the 16SrVII group were previously reported in association with diverse botanical species. Thus, a strain of 16SrVII-C subgroup was identified in sunn hemp (Flôres et al. 2013); the reference phytoplasma of 16SrVII-D subgroup was found in erigeron plants (Flôres et al. 2015); and the representative of 16SrVII-F was detected in the wild species Vernonia brasiliana. (Fugita et al. 2017). Specifically regarding subgroup 16SrVII-B, the reference phytoplasma of this subgroup was described from erigeron and periwinkle (Barros et al. 2002), while other members of this subgroup were reported in cauliflower (Pereira et al. 2016a) and ming aralia (Pereira et al. 2016b). The disease here studied is a threat since olive planting is in large expansion in Brazil. A potential control option could be use of propagative material from sources free of the pathogen. Based on our findings, olive tree represents a new host for subgroup 16SrVII-B phytoplasma, which is different from 16Sr groups previously reported as associated with olive witches’ broom in other countries.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria on balm and in a mixed population with M. javanica on grapevine in Greece

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
E. Karanastasi ◽  
I. Conceição ◽  
M. Santos ◽  
E. Tzortzakakis ◽  
I. O. Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Host Record ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
The One ◽  
Prevalent Species

AbstractThe root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria was found in Greece infecting balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). The isolate from balm was M. arenaria while the one from grapevine was a mixture of M. arenaria and M. javanica (prevalent species). This is the first report of the M. arenaria species in the country in which identification was based on biochemical methods and its occurrence on balm is a new host record.

Molecular diagnosis of the brown root rot disease agent Phellinus noxius on trees and in soil by rDNA ITS analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Wang ◽  
Han Meng ◽  
Victor W. Gu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Phellinus noxius (P. noxius) is an important pathogen that causes brown root rot of trees in tropical and sub-tropical areas and has led to severe damage to trees. A quick and accurate diagnostic technique is essential to the timely confirmation of the pathogen and possible treatment. In this study, a fast, sensitive and accurate approach of molecular technique was used to diagnose the brown root rot pathogen on trees and in soils of subtropical Hong Kong. Two pairs of specific PCR primers were used to amplify the target rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both tree tissues and soil samples. The amplified ITS fragments were then sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically for the diagnostic identification of the pathogen P. noxius. The results showed that 13 of 38 suspected trees in Hong Kong were infected with P. noxius through molecular detection. The pathogen showed no specific preference to any particular tree species. Quantitative PCR was applied to soils grown with trees identified both positive and negative for P. noxius, but the soils with healthy trees were also found positive for P. noxius. For the first time, P. noxius was reported to infect a wide range of tree species in Hong Kong and widely presented in soils, probably serving as a reservoir for the pathogen. Through this study, it is proposed that P. noxius is a soil-borne pathogen, which increases its infectivity when trees start to grow in the soil as a means in addition to the previously proposed root-to-root contact.

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