scholarly journals Effects of Fruit Maturity, Bean Fermentation and Roasting Time on Physico-Chemical Characters of Robusta Coffee

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Elsera Br Tarigan ◽  
Juniaty Towaha
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Flavor Quality ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Roasting Time

<em>Robusta coffee is the most widely cultivated coffee in Indonesia. However, flavor quality of coffee is low due to improper harvesting and postharvest handling by farmers. Flavor quality mostly determined by fruit maturity level, fermentation and roasting time. The research aimed to investigate the effect of fruit maturity level, fermentation and roasting time on the physico-chemical characteristics of Robusta coffee. The research was conducted at Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), from May to July 2017, used a completely ranndomized block design with 3 factors. The first factor was fruit maturity level (red and reddish yellow), second factor was bean fermentation (24 and 36 hours) and the third factor was roasting time (10 and 13 minutes). Physical quality covered percentage of live insects, moisture content, foreign materials and amount of defective beans. Chemical quality covered moisture content, ash, fat, protein, caffeine and acidity. The results showed that physical quality of fermented beans i.e. moisture content and amount of defective beans were affected by fruit maturity level and fermentation time, while foreign materials is affected by the interaction between these two factors. Chemical quality of coffee i.e. fat and caffeine content were affected by the interaction between fruit maturity level, and fermentation and roasting time. Water and protein content were affected by interaction between fruit maturity level and fermentation time, and interaction between fruit maturity level and roasting time. The ash content is affected by the roasting time, whereas pH is affected by fermentation time and roasting time.</em>

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETEBALAN IRISAN CHIPS SINGKONG DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKO KIMIA TEPUNG MOCAF (MODIFIED CASSAVA FLOUR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sohib Assalam ◽  
Novian Wely Asmoro ◽  
A. Intan Niken Tari ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Average Water

Modified cassava flour or mocaf is cassava flour which has been modified using the principle of lactic acid bacteria fermentation. One factor that needs to be observed is the fermentation process which will affect the quality of the mocaf flour produced. This study aims to determine the effect of cassava chip slice thickness and fermentation time in the process of making mocaf flour on physico-chemical quality of mocaf flour. The research method used Factorial RAL with 2 treatment variables, namely the thickness of cassava chips slices (0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm) and fermentation time (24 hours and 48 hours), resulting in 6 treatment combinations and repeated 3 replications , so there are 18 experimental units. The data obtained was processed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 22 software. If the ANOVA test results stated that the samples tested were significantly different, then DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) was carried out at the 0.05 confidence level. Based on statistical analysis shows that there is no interaction between the thickness treatment of cassava chips and the length of fermentation. Meanwhile, the slice thickness had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on water content and swelling power of mocaf flour, but did not significantly influence (P0.05) on the solubility index in mocaf flour water. The duration of fermentation had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on moisture content and swelling power of mocaf flour, but had no significant effect (P˃0.05) on the solubility index in mocaf flour water. The yield of mocaf flour obtained ranged from 30.47% - 32.98% with the lowest moisture content of 10.31%. The average swelling power of mocaf flour is 12.24 g / g and the average water solubility index is 5.29%.Keywords: Chips, Thickness, Fermentation Time, Mocaf Flour

scholarly journals Rootstock Effect on Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Quality of Mandarin ‘Clemenules’ during the Harvest Season

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Morales ◽  
Almudena Bermejo ◽  
Pilar Navarro ◽  
Alejandra Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Citric Acid Content

This study reports the influence of eight rootstocks (‘Carrizo’ (CC), ‘C-35’ (C35) ‘Cleopatra’ (CL), ‘Volkameriana’ (VK), ‘Macrophylla’ (M), ‘Forner-Alcaide 5’ (FA5), ‘Forner-Alcaide 13’ (FA13) and ‘Forner-Alcaide V17’ (V17)) on the physico-chemical and nutritional quality of ‘Clemenules’ mandarins at three harvest times during two seasons. Fruit quality parameters were influenced by rootstocks, and this effect was mostly harvest time -dependent. External color was overall influenced by rootstocks upon the first harvest. FA13 and C35 induced a breakthrough in color change, while V17 brought about the greatest color increase. CL and V17 initially delayed the fruit maturity index. In the last harvest, while CL had one of the highest maturity indices, V17 exhibited the lowest as acidity was maintained as harvest advanced. The CC and M fruit had the highest and lowest sucrose content, respectively. The highest glucose and fructose contents in fruit were induced by V17, FA5 and CC. The highest citric acid content was displayed by V17 in all the harvests. The FA13, C35 and VK fruit exhibited the highest malic acid content. The effect that rootstock exert on ascorbic acid and flavonoid content depends on the studied season. The results reveal the importance of conducting studies during different seasons to obtain robust results.

Quality of cooked goat meat sausages incorporated with goat tripe

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anna Anandh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Diameter Shrinkage

Cooked sausages from goat meat (GM) with 20, 25 and 30 % levels of goat tripe (GT) were prepared and their quality evaluated. Cooked sausages prepared with 100% GM were used as control. Significant (p>0.05) increase was observed for pH, diameter shrinkage, drip loss, protein and fat contents in GT incorporated cooked sausages than control. However, significant (p> 0.05) reverse trends were observed for product yield and moisture content. Sensory evaluation scores for appearance and colour, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, binding and overall acceptability were highest for 20% GT incorporated cooked sausage, followed by 25% and 30% GT incorporated cooked sausages. Physico - chemical and sensory evaluation scores of 20 % GT incorporated cooked sausages were comparable with control goat meat sausage and the values did not differ significantly between them. Thus, it can be concluded that 80% GM and 20% GT can be used for preparation of cooked goat meat sausages without affecting quality and acceptability.

scholarly journals Biological Pretreatment by Solid-State Fermentation of Oat Straw to Enhance Physical Quality of Pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Zhiqiang Lei ◽  
Lope G Tabil ◽  
Rongfei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Oat Straw

Pelleting can increase the efficiency of handling and transportation of biomass. Pretreatment obtains lignin fragments by disrupting the lignocellulosic structure of biomass and ensures the high-quality compressed pellets. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) is used as a biological method to improve the quality of pellets of oat straw. SSF of oat straw using Trametes versicolor 52J (TV52J) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) was conducted. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed by using a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design with fermentation time (days), moisture content (%), particle size (mm), and fermentation temperature (°C) as independent parameters. Pellet density, dimensional stability, and tensile strength were the response variables. The optimization options of fermentation time (33.96 and 35 days), moisture content (70%), particle size (150 and 50 mm), and fermentation temperature (22°C) of oat straw pretreated with these two fungal strains were obtained. The microscopic structural changes of oat straw caused by biological pretreatment were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observation results of SEM showed that the connection between single fibers became relatively loose, and this was beneficial to improve the physical quality of the pellets.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN KUALITAS BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus undatus) DENGAN METODE NON-DESTRUKTIF [Non-destructive Determination of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Quality]

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nafis Khuriyati ◽  
Muh Bayu Fibriato ◽  
Darmawan Ari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Non Destructive

Sorting dragon fruit based on color, size, and physical defects using human senses does not adequately reflect the nutritional content of the fruit.  Nutrient content in dragon fruit has been determined by injuring fruit (destructive).  The objective of the research was to develop a non-destructive method based on color measurement to determine the quality of dragon fruit which includes texture, moisture content, total dissolved solids, and total acid.  Non-destructive color measurement used Chromameter to predict fruit maturity.  Based on the results of this fruit maturity prediction, dragon fruit quality was predicted by using a regression model between fruit maturity and each quality parameter.  Dragon fruit from various variations of maturity was used as a sample to find out its quality changes, and a regression equation was formed between the maturity of fruit and fruit quality.  The results showed that along with the increasing maturity of dragon fruit, color (La * b *), texture, moisture content, and total dissolved solids changed following a cubic regression model.  Color component "b" (yellowness) has the strongest relationship to fruit maturity (R2 = 0.95).  With the knowledge of fruit maturity based on these colors, the quality of dragon fruit could be determined through regression equations with results that were not significantly different from those with destructive methods, except total acid.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation Time and Cassava Varieties on Water Content and the Yield of Starch from Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurud Diniyah ◽  
Achmad Subagio ◽  
Riri Nur Lutfian Sari ◽  
Pradiska Gita Vindy ◽  
Alif Ainur Rofiah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cassava Varieties

MOCAF (modified cassava flour) is a high potential food product. This product can be used to replace wheat flour in the manufacture of various food products. However, there is no characterization of starch properties of MOCAF. The efforts to improve the quality of starch from cassava starch by fermentation process using a combination of enzymes and microbes  from Lactic acid bacteria.The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of fermentation time to yield and moisture content. Single factor randomized block design with 3 (three) levels i.e fermentation time (0, 12, and 24 hours) with two group namely varieties of cassava Cimanggu and Kaspro. Cimanggu and Kaspro cassava varieties were used to compare the properties of starch due to different fermentation time (0, 12 and 24 hours) with triplicate. The results showed the yield and moisture content were affected by fermentation time. Average moisture content ranged from 13.3 to 13.8% with the starch yield is 38-59%. Application of starch MOCAF can be used for food, cosmetics, and medicines industry.Keywords : modified starch, cassava, fermentation, yield

scholarly journals Influence of taxonomic and functional content of microbial communities on the quality of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatziri Mota-Gutierrez ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Manuela Giordano ◽  
Mirna Leonor Suarez-Quiroz ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The microbial metabolism drives the changes in the physico-chemical properties and consequently the sensory characteristics of fermented cocoa beans. In this context, information regarding the structure, function and metabolic potential of microbial communities’ present during cocoa pulp-bean mass fermentation is limited, especially concerning the formation of aromatic compounds. To bridge the gap, the metagenome of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass (Criollo and Forastero) has been investigated using shotgun metagenomics coupled with physico-chemical, microbiological, quality and sensory analysis to explore the impact of microbial communities on the quality of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass on one farm in one season and in one region under the same environmental conditions. Our findings showed that the metagenomic diversity in cocoa, fermentation length, and the diversity and function of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) greatly influence the resulting distinctive flavours. From the metabolic perspective, multiple indicators suggest that the heterolactic metabolism was more dominant in Criollo fermentations. KEGG genes were linked with the biosynthesis of acetic acid, ethanol, lactic acid, acetoin and phenylacetaldehyde during Criollo and Forastero fermentations. MAGs belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Acetobacter pasteurianus were the most prevalent. The fermentation time and roasting are the most important determinants of cocoa quality while the difference between the two varieties are relatively minor. The assessment of microbiological and chemical analysis is an urgent need for developing fermentation protocols according to regions, countries and cocoa varieties to guarantee safety and desirable flavour development. Importance. Monitoring the composition, structure, functionalities and metabolic potential encoded at the level of DNA of fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass metagenome is of great importance for food safety and quality implications.

Physico Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat Flour Bun Supplemented with Carrot Pomace Powder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 445-447
Author(s):  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Sensory Acceptability ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to find on preparation and quality evaluation of carrot pomace powder using buns different level of carrotpomace powder. The quality of buns was determined on the basis on physico -chemical characteristics: Moisture content, Ash content, Fat content, Protein content, and sensory analysis including sensory attributes as colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability. The moisture content of buns was found to be increased with increase in proportion of carrot pomace powder.  The mean overall sensory acceptability scores of more than 8.60 for bun samples upto 2.5% carrot pomace powder indicated the commercial scope for manufacturing good quality buns with carrot pomacepowder. The bun samples prepared by adding Carrot pomace have lead to increase in the water absorption while the arrival time and dough stability were decreased. So fiber as a food industry by product is recommended to be used as food additives to gain nutritional and healthy benefit.

STUDY OF TEMPERATURE AND ROASTING TIME ON THE QUALITY OF COCOA POWDER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Kurnia Herlina Dewi ◽  
Meizul Zuki ◽  
Mulad Subagio
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Roasting Time

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and roasting time the quality of cocoa powder by SNI, to determine the effect of roasting time (100oC and 115oC) for the quality of cocoa powder (physical, chemical, biological, and organoleptic) and to determine the effect of roasting time : 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of quality cocoa powder. Variables in this study to determine the quality of cocoa powder consists only of fat content, moisture content, pH, microbial contamination is the number of colonies of bacteria, fungi, Escherichia coli, refinement, and organoleptic properties of the cocoa powder. Results obtained show the temperature effect and long penyangraian penyangraian nibs cocoa powder quality results as a whole meet the quality standards. Effect of roasting temperature to produce quality cocoa powder on the observation variables (pH, moisture content, fat content) and different organoleptic properties, whereas the level of tenderness, microbial contamination, cocoa powder is no different. The effect of roasting time to produce quality cocoa powder on the observation variables (pH, moisture content, fat content) and different organoleptic properties. The level of tenderness and microbial contamination non-significant.

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