The Stratigraphy Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Miall ◽  
John M. Holbrook ◽  
Janok P. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Stratigraphic Section ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Average Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stratigraphic Record

ABSTRACT There is a significant difference between the average sedimentation rate of a lengthy stratigraphic section spanning many millions of years, and the rate that can be calculated from any short segment within such a section, such segments typically yielding rates several orders of magnitude more rapid than the overall rate. Stratigraphic successions contain numerous surfaces of nondeposition and erosion representing time spans from minutes to many millions of years, which collectively may account for as much as 90% of the total elapsed time that the succession represents. The stratigraphic record is constructed by a range of geological processes that operate over all time scales from seconds to billions of years, and at rates that vary by ten orders of magnitude. The generation of the stratigraphic record can be conceptualized in the form of a mechanical device, which we term the “Stratigraphy Machine.”

Separating Climate Variability and Non-Climate Noise in Proxy Records - A case study on replicate marine sediment records

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Dyck ◽  
Thomas Laepple ◽  
Andrew Dolman ◽  
Jeroen Groeneveld ◽  
Mahyar Mohtadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Proxy Record ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Average Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Mean State

<p>To describe earth’s former and predict the expected future climate in a general way we need to understand at least two basic characteristics of the distribution of earth’s temperature, its mean state and its temporal and spatial variance of temperature. There is some confidence in the projection of the mean state but the characteristics and changes of climate variability, especially on multi-decadal and longer time-scales are less known.</p><p>To characterize climate variability on these time scales, the instrumental record is too short. Climate proxies such as oxygen isotopes from foraminifera retrieved from marine sediments provide long records but do not exclusively carry information about the climate signal of interest. The decomposition of proxy time series into climate and non-climate components is challenging and depends on the adequate representation of the major involved biological and physical processes influencing the record. But even with a reasonable representation of the combined processes as fluctuations in proxy seasonality, bioturbation and errors in the age model, a proxy record still appears as the combination of these effects.</p><p>As a proxy record is only a single representation of this sum of effects we work on replicate measurements as a tool to characterize and separate the variability components. We therefore analysed oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca in replicated measurements from the same sample, in replicated samples from the same sediment layer and in nearby sediment cores spanning the Holocene.  <br>If we compare two records the relation of them will determine the commonness of the underlaying processes. As records for example come from the same core or from cores of nearby located sites, they share the same climate signal. In the case they are from the same core they also share the errors in the age model and the time uncertainty introduced by bioturbation. Combining different types of replicates allows us the analyse the effect of different combinations of shared and independent errors.</p><p>The first two cores that we work on come from about 10 km apart located sites in the Indonesian Sea. GeoB 10054-4 was drilled in a water depths of 1076 meters, at longitude of 112°40.10’E and latitude 8°40.90’S and its average sedimentation rate was estimated as 20 cm/kyears. GeoB 100537 was drilled in a water depths of 1372 meters, at longitude 112°52.30’E and at latitude 8°40.56’S and its average sedimentation rate is estimated as 45cm/kyears.</p><p>In the presentations we will show first results of the analysis of intra core and inter core variability.</p>

scholarly journals Treatment of thoracolumbar trauma by short-segment percutaneous transpedicular screw instrumentation: prospective comparative study with a minimum 2-year follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Vanek ◽  
Ondrej Bradac ◽  
Renata Konopkova ◽  
Patricia de Lacy ◽  
Jiri Lacman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Transpedicular Screw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Screw Group

Object The main aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after stabilization by a percutaneous transpedicular system and stabilization from the standard open approach for thoracolumbar spine injury. Methods Thirty-seven consecutive patients were enrolled in the study over a period of 16 months. Patients were included in the study if they experienced 1 thoracolumbar fracture (A3.1–A3.3, according to the AO/Magerl classification), had an absence of neurological deficits, had no other significant injuries, and were willing to participate. Eighteen patients were treated by short-segment, minimally invasive, percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation. The control group was composed of 19 patients who were stabilized using a short-segment transpedicular construct, which was performed through a standard midline incision. The pain profile was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS), and overall satisfaction by a simple 4-stage scale relating to performance of daily activities. Working ability and return to original occupation were also monitored. Radiographic follow-up was defined by the vertebral body index (VBI), vertebral body angle (VBA), and bisegmental Cobb angle. The accuracy of screw placement was examined using CT. Results The mean surgical duration in the percutaneous screw group was 53 ± 10 minutes, compared with 60 ± 9 minutes in the control group (p = 0.032). The percutaneous screw group had a significantly lower perioperative blood loss of 56 ± 17 ml, compared with 331 ± 149 ml in the control group (p < 0.001). Scores on the VAS in patients in the percutaneous screw group during the first 7 postoperative days were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in VBI, VBA, and Cobb angle values during follow-up. There was no significant difference in screw placement accuracy between the groups and no patients required surgical revision. There was no significant difference between groups in overall satisfaction at the 2-year follow-up (p = 0.402). Working ability was insignificantly better in the percutaneous screw group; previous working position was achieved in 17 patients in this group and in 12 cases in the control group (p = 0.088). Conclusions This study confirms that the percutaneous transpedicular screw technique represents a viable option in the treatment of preselected thoracolumbar fractures. A significant reduction in blood loss, postoperative pain, and surgical time were the main advantages associated with this minimally invasive technique. Clinical, functional, and radiological results were at least the same as those achieved using the open technique after a 2-year follow-up. The short-term benefits of the percutaneous transpedicular screw technique are apparent, and long-term results have to be studied in other well-designed studies evaluating the theoretical benefit of the percutaneous technique and assessing whether the results of the latter are as durable as the ones achieved by open surgery.

scholarly journals PNA Predictability at Various Time Scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 9090-9114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Younas ◽  
Youmin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Prediction Skill ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Potential Predictability ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In this study, the predictability of the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern is evaluated on time scales from days to months using state-of-the-art dynamical multiple-model ensembles including the Canadian Historical Forecast Project (HFP2) ensemble, the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) ensemble, and the Ensemble-Based Predictions of Climate Changes and their Impacts (ENSEMBLES). Some interesting findings in this study include (i) multiple-model ensemble (MME) skill was better than most of the individual models; (ii) both actual prediction skill and potential predictability increased as the averaging time scale increased from days to months; (iii) there is no significant difference in actual skill between coupled and uncoupled models, in contrast with the potential predictability where coupled models performed better than uncoupled models; (iv) relative entropy (REA) is an effective measure in characterizing the potential predictability of individual prediction, whereas the mutual information (MI) is a reliable indicator of overall prediction skill; and (v) compared with conventional potential predictability measures of the signal-to-noise ratio, the MI-based measures characterized more potential predictability when the ensemble spread varied over initial conditions. Further analysis found that the signal component dominated the dispersion component in REA for PNA potential predictability from days to seasons. Also, the PNA predictability is highly related to the signal of the tropical sea surface temperature (SST), and SST–PNA correlation patterns resemble the typical ENSO structure, suggesting that ENSO is the main source of PNA seasonal predictability. The predictable component analysis (PrCA) of atmospheric variability further confirmed the above conclusion; that is, PNA is one of the most predictable patterns in the climate variability over the Northern Hemisphere, which originates mainly from the ENSO forcing.

Role of Including the Index level in Short Segment Pedicular Fixation in Traumatic Thoraco-Lumbar Fractures

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Abd-El-Ra’ouf EL-Shazly ◽  
Salah Mostafa Hamada ◽  
Ahmed Maged Nagaty ◽  
Ahmed Adel Nabih
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Thoracolumbar Fractures ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Kyphosis Angle ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Loss Of Correction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Level ◽  
Short Segment Fixation ◽  
Fracture Level

Abstract Background It is generally acknowledged that short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation is the preferred surgical method for thoracolumbar fractures. However, the use of short-segment instrumentation with or without intermediate screws at the fracture level remains controversial. This review will evaluate the evidence available to date regarding the efficacy of including the fracture level in trans-pedicular screw short segment fixation, to assess clinical and radiological outcome. Objectives Our primary objective is evaluating the efficacy and outcome of including the fractured level vertebra in short segment fixation. And concerns regarding the use of pedicle screws into the fractured vertebra as to whether it is safe to insert a screw through a broken bone. Our secondary objective analyzing the importance of posterior pedicle screw fixation in unstable thoracolumbar fractures. Methods The following electronic databases will be searched from 1992 to 2018: PubMed, Google scholar search engine. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, EMBASE and science Direct, using the keywords “TLICS”, "index screw", “short segment fixation”, "Thoracolumbar spine trauma", "traumatic spine injury", "spinal cord injury", "spine trauma", "role", “reliability”.Studies will be eligible if they contain the target keywords in title or abstract, addressing our age group. Afterwards the full text of the articles will be reviewed to exclude full texts not fulfilling the criteria or deviating from the initial impression taken from the title/abstract reviewing. References/bibliography of the selected articles will be examined to evaluate potential for further research and possible inclusion in the analysis. Any differences will be sorted by discussion between study team (student, director, and co-directors). Results A total of 3010 studies were screened for eligibility , 8 studies were included in our systematic review for comparing the short segment fixation “including” the fracture level with “conventional” methods whether short or long segment fixation. Overall study population reached 512 patients. Analysis showed comparable results regarding clinical picture and radiography, showing highly statistically significant difference in favor of “including” index level in fixation in post operative kyphosis angle correction, loss of correction of kyphosis angle through follow up until 2 years and loss of correction of AVH, also statistically significant difference in rate of implant failure in favor for “including” group, and with no significant difference in operative time , blood loss and VAS for post-operative pain. Conclusion We conclude that Short segment fixation including the fracture level is a promising surgical option when it comes to thoraco-lumbar unstable fractures. In conclusion, inclusion of the fracture level into the construct offers a better kyphosis correction, in addition to fewer instrument failures, without additional complications, and with a comparable-if not better-clinical outcome, the radiologic correction achieved is maintained even at the end of 2 years and reflected in good functional outcomes. We recommend insertion of screws into pedicles of the fractured thoracolumbar vertebra when considering a short segment posterior fixation, especially in Magerl type C fractures. Large population prospective randomized controlled studies and clinical trials are recommended for more high level evidence data.

scholarly journals Is It Necessary to Reduce Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures  with Intermediate Screws in the Fractured Vertebra?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZeJun Xing ◽  
Shuai Hao ◽  
XiaoFei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Compression Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Screw Group

Abstract PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation (PPSF) with or without intermediate screws (IS) for the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures.MethodsFrom January 2016 to March 2019, a retrospective study of 38 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures conducted. The patients were divided into a 4-screw group (without IS) and a 6-screw group (with IS) according to whether pedicle screws were placed in the fractured vertebrae. Combined positional reduction effects with the technique of pre-contoured lordotic rods were used to reduce the fracture by lengthening the anterior column of the fractured vertebrae. The posterior structure of the fractured vertebrae was undertaken as the fulcrum point for both groups. The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), segment kyphosis（SK）before and after operation and complications were recorded.ResultsAlthough the operation time and blood loss in the 6-screw group were higher than in the 4-screw group, difference was not significant (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, AVBH and SK between the two groups (P＞0.05). Nevertheless, these results were significant differences between the preoperative and the immediate postoperative, between preoperative and follow-up groups (P < 0.001). No neurologic injury was observed in either groups. ConclusionsIn the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures, percutaneous short-segment pedicle screws fixation without intermediate screws in the 4-screw construct may obtain the same clinical effect as that in the 6-screw construct.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Nilai Laju Endap Darah Antara Pengukuran Metode Manual Westergren Dan Alat Automatik Pada Sampel Darah Sitrat Penderita Tb Paru Di Rsud. Dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara Serang

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Destri Siti Juleha ◽  
Deviani Utami ◽  
Ade Utia Detty
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTBackground: Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a test to determine the rate of erythrocytes settling blood containing anticoagulants in a vertical tube within a certain time. ESR is generally used to check and monitor for tissue damage, inflammation and indicate disease. ESR examination can be done by manual and automatic methods. LED levels in pulmonary TB patients generally have increased.Objectives: Knowing the difference in the measurement results of the erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) between the Westergen manual and automatic methods in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: Laboratory experiments with a post-test-only approach. The number of samples was 30 people and was taken by purposive sampling. The research data were obtained from the results of the ESR examination using the Westergren manual and automatic methods. Results: Examination of the sedimentation rate of healthy respondents used the Westergren method had an average of 9,40 mm/hour while in the automatic method 10,15 mm/hour. The examination of sedimentation rate of pulmonary tuberculosis respondents with the Westergren method had an average of 66,13mm/hour, while the Automatic method was 67,80 mm/hour. There was no significant difference in the mean value of ESR between the measurement method used manual Westergren and Automatic methods in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis ( p = 0,878).   Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the mean value of ESR between measurements using the manual Westergren method and automatic in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate, Method, Westergren, Automatic  PERBANDINGAN NILAI LAJU ENDAP DARAH ANTARA PENGUKURAN METODE MANUAL WESTERGREN DAN ALAT AUTOMATIK PADA SAMPEL DARAH SITRAT PENDERITA TB PARU DI RSUD. Dr. DRADJAT PRAWIRANEGARA SERANG TAHUN 2020 Latar Belakang: Laju Endap Darah (LED) adalah pemeriksaan untuk menentukan kecepatan eritrosit mengendap dalam darah yang berisi antikoagulan pada suatu tabung vertikal dalam waktu tertentu. LED pada umumnya digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan memantau adanya kerusakan jaringan, inflamasi dan menunjukan adanya penyakit. Pemeriksaan LED dapat dilakukan dengan metode manual dan automatik. Kadar LED pada penderita TB Paru umumnya mengalami peningkatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan hasil pengukuran Laju Endap Darah (LED) antara metode manual Westergen dan Automatik pada Penderita TB Paru. Metodologi: Eksperimen laboratorik dengan pendekatan post test only. Jumlah sampel 30 orang dan diambil dengan purposive sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan LED menggunakan metode manual Westergren dan Automatik.  Hasil: Pemeriksaan Laju Endap Darah pada responden sehat metode Westergren memiliki rata-rata 9,40 mm/jam sedangkan pada metode Automatik 10,15 mm/jam. Pemeriksaan Laju Endap Darah pada responden TB Paru metode Westergren memiliki rata-rata 66,13 mm/jam sedangkan pada metode Automatik 67,80 mm/jam. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai LED yang signifikan antara pengukuran menggunakan metode manual Westergren dan Automatik pada penderita TB Paru (p = 0,878). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai LED yang signifikan antara pengukuran menggunakan metode manual Westergren dan Automatik pada penderita TB Paru.Kata kunci: Laju Endap Darah, Metode, Westergren, Automatik

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Fat Stability of Raw Milk and Pasteurized Milk from Laoshan Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunfang Wang ◽  
Xinman Lou ◽  
Jianmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>In this study, the fatty acid profile and fat stability for seven consecutive days of raw milk and pasteurized milk from Laoshan goats have been evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after fatty acid methyl ester. The results showed that the concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) significantly increased by 47.36% and 11.68% after pasteurization respectively, while the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased by 26.08%, 26.45% and 22.15% respectively. The C10:0 (5.39%-8.57%), C12:0 (3.13%-5.28%), C14:0 (8.12%-11.87%), C16:0 (25.59%-28.53%), C18:0 (14.60-13.69%) and C18:1 (33.91-24.92%) are the most predominant fatty acids of Laoshan goat milk with significant differences. Moreover, the fat stabillity for seven consecutive days of raw milk and pasteurized milk was detected by sedimentation rate (R). The fat stability in pasteurized milk was more stable than that in raw milk, the sedimentation rate of raw milk and pasteurized milk consisted in a progressive decrease in the seven days by 82.99% and 79.77% respectively. What’s more, significant difference was observed from 1st day to 4th day between raw milk and pasteurized milk, however, there was no significance from 5th to 7th. This is the first report to fully characterize the fatty acid contents and fat stability of Laoshan goat raw milk and its pasteurized milk and it provided a certain theoretical basis for the research and development of goat milk functional product.</p>

scholarly journals Red-bed bleaching in a CO2 storage analogue: Insights from Entrada Sandstone fracture-hosted mineralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Rushton ◽  
Doris Wagner ◽  
Jonathan M. Pearce ◽  
Christopher A. Rochelle ◽  
Gemma Purser
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Genetic Link ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Red Bed

ABSTRACT Improving our ability to predict the interactions between CO2 and reservoir rocks at geological time scales is of key importance if carbon capture and storage (CCS) is to have a role in climate-change mitigation, particularly in the light of likely regulatory requirements. Understanding and identifying the relevant geological processes over long time scales can be obtained only at natural-analogue sites. At one such site, in the Salt Wash Graben area of Utah, USA, widespread bleaching affects the Middle Jurassic red-bed “wet dune” Entrada Sandstone. Previous work has proposed a genetic link between the bleaching and spatially concomitant recent and modern CO2-rich fluids. The results presented here challenge some of the previous models and come from a detailed petrographic examination of mineralized fractures in the Entrada Sandstone that are centered in vertical extensions to the bleaching. These fractures typically contain complex mineralization assemblages. Pyrite was a paragenetically early phase, identifiable from common pseudomorphs of mixed iron oxides and oxyhydroxides that rarely contain relict pyrite. The pyrite contains up to 3 wt% arsenic. The volume of fracture-adjacent bleached sandstone is sufficient to have been the source of iron for the pyrite originally present in the fracture. The pyrite pseudomorphs occur at the center of fracture- and pore-filling cements that comprise intergrowths of hematite–goethite–jarosite–gypsum, an assemblage that suggests that their formation resulted from the oxidative alteration of pyrite, a genetic link supported by the arsenic present in the iron-bearing minerals. The presence of jarosite and proximal removal of earlier, sandstone-hosted carbonates are consistent with, and indicative of, the low-pH conditions associated with pyrite oxidation reactions. Calcite- and gypsum-cemented fractures crosscut, and contain fragments of, the pyrite-pseudomorphic and -oxidation assemblages, proving that they postdate pyrite formation and its subsequent oxidation, and that pyrite oxidation was not a result of modern weathering reactions. In outcrop, some calcite- and gypsum-cemented fractures link with travertine deposits associated with the modern and recent CO2-rich fluids. The mineral assemblages observed here, and the paragenetic sequence that we have inferred, suggest that the fracture-associated bleaching patterns result from the fracture-fed movement of sulfur-bearing reducing fluids, with hydrogen sulfide the most likely bleaching agent. We conclude that bleaching adjacent to fractures is not genetically related to modern CO2-bearing fluids despite the spatial relationship. The bleaching was already present when the modern fluids utilized the same fracture-based fluid pathways. We suggest that the more widespread regional bleaching formed contemporaneously with the fracture bleaching and followed similar mechanisms. This study highlights the complexity of interpreting analogue sites and the importance of using field and petrographic observations to unravel textures and events that are juxtaposed spatially but not temporally.

A roentgenographic method for measuring nasal mucous velocity

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Yergin ◽  
K. Saketkhoo ◽  
E. D. Michaelson ◽  
S. M. Serafini ◽  
K. Kovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Fluoroscopic Image ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Television Monitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Young And Elderly Subjects

Nasal mucous velocity was estimated by following the motion of radiopaque discs of Teflon by means of a fluoroscopic image intensifier. From 5 to 10 discs were deposited on the superior surface of the inferior turbinate with a forceps. No local anesthesia was employed and the subjects experienced no discomfort. The linear velocity of the discs was obtained by playing the videotape onto a television monitor, measuring distance with a ruler, and dividing by elapsed time. Duplicate runs of 1–2 min, 15 min apart were very reproducible but runs at 4-h intervals or daily over a 5-day period had a coefficient of variation of 30%. Average nasal velocity for individual ranged from 0 to 22.5 mm/min and group means ranged from 6. 8 to 10.8 mm/min. There was no statistically significant difference in nasal mucous velocity between young and elderly subjects nor was there a sexual difference. The saccharin test of nasal mucous transport was unsatisfactory because of inability to repeat the test more often than 1–2 h and its propensity to produce mild discomfort in a significant number of subjects. Saccharin times did not correlate significantly with values of nasal mucous velocity.

EFFECT OF AGE AND PLANE OF NUTRITION ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF THE COLUMBIAN BLACK-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS COLUMBIANUS): A. PACKED-CELL VOLUME, SEDIMENTATION RATE, AND HEMOGLOBIN

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kitts ◽  
P. J. Bandy ◽  
A. J. Wood ◽  
I. McT. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Of Age

A study has been made of the normal chemistry of the blood constituents of the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in relation to growth and the caloric plane of nutrition. The results showed a significant difference of packed-cell volume and hemoglobin level between the two age groups of experimental animals, while no significant differences were found in the sedimentation rates. The high and low imposed planes of nutrition did not bring about a significant difference in packed-cell volume, sedimentation rate, or hemoglobin value.

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