scholarly journals Complications of the Early Neonatal Period in Children from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Agamurad Orazmuradov ◽  
Irina Bekbaeva ◽  
Gayane Arakelyan ◽  
Anastasia Minaeva ◽  
Anastasiya Akhmatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Functional Immaturity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Changes in the course of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the present stage determine the emergence of a certain spectrum of completely new problems associated with the health status of newborns from mothers with GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate early neonatal complications in newborns from mothers with GDM. Methods and Results: The study included 404 pregnant women (gestational age of 37.0–41.0 weeks) with GDM. All patients with GDM were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 188 patients receiving insulin therapy; Group 2 included 216 patients receiving a well-balanced diet. The control group (Group 3) consisted of 68 pregnant women without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In Group 1, macrosomia occurred in 44(23.4%) newborns, in Group 2 - in 48(22.0%) newborns; in newborns from mothers of the control group, the frequency of macrosomia was only in 7.35% of newborns (P=0.01). Morpho-functional immaturity of newborns had the highest frequency of occurrence, despite the fact that all children were born on time; 80(42.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 1 and 77(35.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 2 had signs of morpho-functional immaturity. Conclusion: Diabetic fetopathy in newborns from mothers with GDM is manifested by morpho-functional immaturity of organs and systems developing in unfavorable hyperglycemic conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiety levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Aşkın Evren Güler ◽  
Zeliha Çiğdem Demirel Güler ◽  
Asil Budak ◽  
Buket Koparal ◽  
Özge Şehirli Kıncı
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) followed by different treatment methods. Methods Our study was carried out with 141 cases whose pregnancy follow ups were made in Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Cases which had GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 50 cases with 75-g OGTT results in normal range, Group 2 consisted of 50 cases which had significant 75-g OGTT results and followed up by diet (A1), and Group 3 consisted of 41 cases which were diagnosed with GDM as a result of 75-g OGTT and received diet as well as medical therapy (A2). Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was administered to the patients in Group 1 in 24th week, and to patients in Groups 2 and 3 in the 24th and 32nd weeks. Results In the first evaluation of the patients, BAI scores of the control group were statistically found to be significantly lower than the patients with GDM (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in BAI scores among patients diagnosed with GDM, and high anxiety scores were found in both groups. There was a significant decrease in anxiety levels in the Groups 2 and 3 after the treatment (p<0.01). In the Group 2, the BAI scores were observed to decrease from 51.76±4.47 to 45.62±3.65, and from 51.73±5.27 to 41.48±3.29 in the Group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusion In addition to the metabolic disorders brought by the disease itself, GDM can cause various problems by increasing the levels of anxiety in patients. With an effective treatment for glycemic control, anxiety levels of patients can be reduced.

scholarly journals How Do Serum Zonulin Levels Change in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Cholestasis, and the Coexistence of Both Diseases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12555
Author(s):  
Huri Güvey ◽  
Samettin Çelik ◽  
Canan Soyer Çalışkan ◽  
Zehra Yılmaz ◽  
Merve Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Group 1

We investigated the question of how serum zonulin levels change in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and, in the case of the coexistence of ICP and GDM, evaluated the eventual increase in zonulin plasmatic levels. Participants were enrolled for the study between 25 February 2021 and 20 August 2021. The prospective case-control study included: group 1 of 95 pregnant women diagnosed with ICP; group 2 of 110 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM; group 3 of 16 women diagnosed with both GDM and ICP; group 4 of 136 healthy pregnant women as the control group. The groups were compared in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, gestational week of delivery, plasma zonulin levels, delivery type, birth weight, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores, newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and meconium staining of amniotic fluid parameters. The results suggested that the plasma zonulin levels of ICP (group 1), GDM (group 2), and GDM with ICP (group 3) patients were higher than those of the healthy pregnant women of group 4 (p < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the highest median plasma zonulin levels were found in group 3 (110.33 ng/mL). Zonulin levels were also associated with the severity of ICP and adverse pregnancy outcomes. High serum zonulin levels were related to GDM, ICP, and adverse perinatal outcomes. The coexistence of GDM and ICP led to higher serum zonulin concentrations.

scholarly journals Association of Polymorphisms in PPARPGC1A, ACE, and DRD2 Genes with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Agamurad Orazmuradov ◽  
Irina Bekbaeva ◽  
Gayane Arakelyan ◽  
Marianna Abitova ◽  
Khalid Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of our research was to study the distribution of polymorphic variants of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497 SNP), PPARGC1A rs8192678 SNP, and ACE I/D in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods and Results: The study included 383 pregnant women (gestational age of 37.0–41.0 weeks) with GDM and 68 pregnant women without disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. This was a prospective case-control study. All patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included 211 pregnant women with GDM who received diet therapy only; Group 2 included 172 pregnant women with GDM who received insulin therapy; Group 3 included 68 pregnant women without metabolic disorders. For the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497 SNP) (A1/A2; T/C), we found that the TT homozygous genotype and T allele prevailed in Groups with GDM compared with Group without metabolic disorders. Conclusion: A study of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497 SNP), PPARGC1A rs8192678 SNP, and ACE I/D revealed statistically significant increased risks for GDM in carriers of the TT genotype and T allele of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497 SNP).

scholarly journals Changes in parameters of glycoregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus patients with different approach to insulin therapy introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Violeta Mladenovic ◽  
Aleksandar Djukic ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic ◽  
Djuro Macut
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glycemic Profile ◽  
Group 2

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The diagnosis of GDM is made by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with risk factors, usually during 24th to 28th week of gestation. The most common used insulin therapy regime is a conventional intensive insulin therapy with four daily doses. Objective. The aim of our study was to determine the changes in parameters of glycoregulation in GDM patients with different approach to the introduction of insulin therapy. Methods. Study group consisted of 50 pregnant women divided into two groups depending on the parameters of glycoregulation (glycemic profile and HbA1). Group 1 consisted of pregnant women initially treated with diet only and then, according to glycemic profile and HbA1 profile, in the next few weeks with insulin therapy. Group 2 were pregnant women who were treated with insulin therapy immediately after GDM diagnosis. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in mean glycemia values in the 60th and 120th minute between the two groups (p=0.001). There was a difference in mean value of fasting blood and postprandial glucose between the two groups; it was higher in Group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in HbA1c value at the beginning (5.1?0.4% vs. 5.42?0.43%, p=0.005) and at the end of therapy (4.87?0.29% vs. 5.1?0.39 %, p=0.018). Conclusion. Satisfactory glycoregulation was achieved in both studied groups.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Safian ◽  
Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽  
Shiva Borzouei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

scholarly journals Evaluation of epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Melike Nur Akın ◽  
Burcu Kasap ◽  
Fatih Akın ◽  
Burak Sezgin ◽  
İbrahim Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Epicardial Fat Tissue

Objective We aimed to assess the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease by measuring epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods 28 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and 25 pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the research. Body mass index, laboratory values, blood pressure measurements and obstetric history findings of the study population were recorded. All participants of the study population were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational period. The measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness was taken and aortic stiffness index was also calculated. Results The age, gravidity, parity and obstetric history of the two groups were similar. Epicardial fat tissue thickness was found significantly higher in gestational diabetes mellitus group than control group (0.416 cm and 0.336 cm, respectively; p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found in aortic stiffness measurements of the two groups (p=0.079). Conclusion According to the results of our study, epicardial fat tissue thickness was found to be statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the control group. The fact that no difference was detected in other cardiovascular parameters suggests that measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness in gestational period may be a beneficial adjunctive tool in early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Maternal and fetal outcomes of obese pregnant women: a prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Jenniferbritto John ◽  
Mary Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Outcomes

Background: Obesity in Indian women had increased from 10.6% to 14.8% in India. Mothers who are overweight or obese during pregnancy and childbirth cause significant antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum and also neonatal complications. The present study aimed to explore various maternal and fetal outcomes influenced by maternal obesity. The objective was to find the effect of obesity on maternal and perinatal outcome among obese pregnant women compared to those of normal weight.Methods: The study was conducted in antenatal women attending antenatal outpatient department of CSI rainy multispecialty hospital located in North Chennai of South India. Consecutive sampling method was followed to include 50 cases and 50 controls. Analysis was done with IBM SPSS v.21.0. Chi square test was applied to find difference between proportions. For comparison of means independent t-test and ANOVA was applied. Pearson's correlation was done to find association between maternal BMI and birth weight.Results: Sixteen (32%) cases developed gestational diabetes mellitus during their antenatal period and 19 (38%) developed gestational hypertension. 10% underwent in emergency caesarean section and in 28% cases elective caesarean section was done. The proportion of cases who developed ante partum complications including gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were higher than in control groups (p value = 0.03,0.00,0.004 respectively). The need for induction of labour and caesarean section was found to be higher in cases than in controls (p = 0.014,0.03 respectively). Increased NICU admissions for stabilization of the newborn among cases was higher than control group (p = 0.012).Conclusions: It was clearly evident from the present study that maternal obesity had adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal obesity was strongly associated with antenatal complications like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and increase in need for induction of labour and operative interference.

scholarly journals The timing of initiation of pharmacotherapy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Harrison ◽  
Meredith Cruz ◽  
Ashley Wong ◽  
Caroline Davitt ◽  
Anna Palatnik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The decision to initiate pharmacotherapy is integral in the care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We sought to compare pregnancy outcomes between two threshold percentages of elevated glucose values prior to initiation of pharmacotherapy for GDM. We hypothesized that a lower threshold at pharmacotherapy initiation will be associated with lower rates of adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of women with GDM delivering in a single tertiary care center. Pregnancy outcomes were compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses between women who started pharmacotherapy (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent) after a failed trial of dietary modifications at two different ranges of elevated capillary blood glucose (CBG) values: Group 1 when 20–39% CBG values were above goal; Group 2 when ≥40% CBG values were above goal. The primary outcome was a composite GDM-associated neonatal adverse outcome that included: macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), shoulder dystocia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, respiratory distress syndrome, stillbirth, and neonatal demise. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, preterm birth (< 37 weeks), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and small for gestational age (SGA). Results A total of 417 women were included in the study. In univariable analysis, the composite neonatal outcome was statistically significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (47.9% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.001). In addition, rates of preterm birth (15.7% vs 7.4%, p = 0.011), NICU admission (11.7% vs 4.0%, p = 0.006), and LGA (21.2% vs 9.1% p = 0.001) were higher in Group 2. In contrast, higher rates of SGA were noted in Group 1 (8.0% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.019). There was no difference in cesarean section rates. These findings persisted in multivariable analysis after adjusting for confounding factors (composite neonatal outcome aOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.31–0.78]). Conclusions Initiation of pharmacotherapy for GDM when 20–39% of CBG values are above goal, compared to ≥40%, was associated with decreased rates of adverse neonatal outcomes attributable to GDM. This was accompanied by higher rates of SGA among women receiving pharmacotherapy at the lower threshold. Additional studies are required to identify the optimal threshold of abnormal CBG values to initiate pharmacotherapy for GDM.

scholarly journals Serum magnesium and copper levels in Bangladeshi women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background and objectives: Alteration of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) concentrations in blood has been observed in normal pregnancy as well as in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was aimed to evaluate the serum Mg and Cu levels in Bangladeshi women with GDM in their second and third trimester of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. Pregnant women, in their second and third trimester, attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Endocrinology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. GDM was diagnosed on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as defined in WHO criteria 2013. Blood glucose was estimated by enzymatic GOD-PAP colorimetric method. The cut off value for fasting plasma glucose level was ?6.1 mmol/L or ?7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. Serum Cu was estimated by 3, 5-DiBr-PAESA method and Mg by Xylidyl Blue-I Method as per manufacturer’s instruction.Results: A total of 172 pregnant women in their second and third trimester were enrolled. Out of 172 participants, 86 had GDM and 86 were normoglycemic (control). The mean age of GDM and control groups was 28.6±3.2 years and 27.3±3.1 years respectively. The BMI was 26.4±1.5 m/kg2 and 26.3±1.3 m/kg2. Serum Mg level was significantly low (p< 0.001) in 2nd and 3rd trimesters in GDM cases (1.39±0.26 mg/dl and 0.93±0.15 mg/dl) compared to control group (1.67±0.3 mg/dl and 1.67±0.31mg/dl). On the contrary, serum Cu levels in GDM cases were significantly (p<0.002) higher in both trimesters (224±333.8 ?g/dl and 243.91±6.89 ?g/dl) compared to those without GDM (220.1±7.6 ?g/dl and 234.9±4.6 ?g/dl). There was significant (p<0.001) increase of serum Cu levels in 3rd trimester compared to 2nd trimester in both GDM and non GDM cases.Conclusion: There was distinct alteration of serum Mg and Cu levels in GDM compared to normal pregnancy.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 25-28

scholarly journals Lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052097913
Author(s):  
Xueyan Lin ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression

Objective We assessed the effects of a lifestyle intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence and risk of adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant women at high risk for GDM. Methods From July to December 2018, we enrolled 1822 eligible pregnant women; of these, 304 had at least one risk factor for GDM. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Usual prenatal care was offered to both groups; the intervention group also received individually modified education on diet, physical activity, and weight control. The GDM diagnosis was based on an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of the lifestyle intervention on risk of GDM and adverse maternal outcomes. Results A total of 281 women (139 in the intervention group and 142 controls) were included. Incidences of GDM and adverse maternal outcomes were all significantly lower in the intervention than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that women in the intervention group had a lower risk of GDM and adverse maternal outcomes, after adjusting potential confounding factors. Conclusion The present lifestyle intervention was associated with lower risks of GDM and adverse maternal outcomes.

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