scholarly journals Serum magnesium and copper levels in Bangladeshi women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background and objectives: Alteration of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) concentrations in blood has been observed in normal pregnancy as well as in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was aimed to evaluate the serum Mg and Cu levels in Bangladeshi women with GDM in their second and third trimester of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. Pregnant women, in their second and third trimester, attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Endocrinology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. GDM was diagnosed on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as defined in WHO criteria 2013. Blood glucose was estimated by enzymatic GOD-PAP colorimetric method. The cut off value for fasting plasma glucose level was ?6.1 mmol/L or ?7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. Serum Cu was estimated by 3, 5-DiBr-PAESA method and Mg by Xylidyl Blue-I Method as per manufacturer’s instruction.Results: A total of 172 pregnant women in their second and third trimester were enrolled. Out of 172 participants, 86 had GDM and 86 were normoglycemic (control). The mean age of GDM and control groups was 28.6±3.2 years and 27.3±3.1 years respectively. The BMI was 26.4±1.5 m/kg2 and 26.3±1.3 m/kg2. Serum Mg level was significantly low (p< 0.001) in 2nd and 3rd trimesters in GDM cases (1.39±0.26 mg/dl and 0.93±0.15 mg/dl) compared to control group (1.67±0.3 mg/dl and 1.67±0.31mg/dl). On the contrary, serum Cu levels in GDM cases were significantly (p<0.002) higher in both trimesters (224±333.8 ?g/dl and 243.91±6.89 ?g/dl) compared to those without GDM (220.1±7.6 ?g/dl and 234.9±4.6 ?g/dl). There was significant (p<0.001) increase of serum Cu levels in 3rd trimester compared to 2nd trimester in both GDM and non GDM cases.Conclusion: There was distinct alteration of serum Mg and Cu levels in GDM compared to normal pregnancy.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 25-28

scholarly journals The associations of incretin hormone concentration with gestational diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Saprina ◽  
Ekaterina S. Timokhina ◽  
Olga K. Goncharevich ◽  
Svetlana V. Budeeva ◽  
Tatiana S. Prokhorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Incretin Hormone ◽  
Metabolism Disorder

Background: Enteropancreatic hormonal system disorder is a possible reason for β-cell dysfunction and carbohydrate metabolism disorder among pregnant women. However, no information is available about the state of enteroinsulin hormones [glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2] during pregnancy. The role of enteroinsulin hormones in the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorder during pregnancy is poorly understood. Aim: To quantify and compare incretin hormone secretion in groups of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: The study included 80 patients, 50 of whom had GDM, and the control group consisted of 30 pregnant women without GDM. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) estimation; ferritin, transferrin, basal and postprandial glucagon estimation; GLP-1 and GLP-2 estimation. Results: Basal glucagon and GLP-1 levels were significantly higher (p 0. 05) in the group of women with GDM than in the control group. The most significant differences in GLP-1, basal and postprandial glucagon levels were observed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: High GLP-1 levels in the group of women with GDM may reflect a state of ‘incretin resistance’, which is similar to hyperinsulinemia in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

scholarly journals Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib ◽  
Bilkis Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The term gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a major health problem in developing countries undergoing rapid changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and body mass index. GDM is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities which is also aggravated by mother’s zinc and copper deficiency. Zinc and copper are essential trace elements for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth and their deficiency increase mortality and morbidity of mothers, embryos and neonates. This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc and copper with GDM in second and third trimester.Methods: It was a case-control study. This study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 to evaluate the association of zinc and copper levels of pregnant women with GDM. A total induded of 172 subjects were participated in this study; among them 86 women diagnosed with GDM were selected as case (Group-I) and 86 healthy pregnant women were control (Group- II).The case group was again subdivided as Group Ia and Ib according to second and third trimester respectively. Control group was also subdivided as Group IIa and IIb according to second and third trimester respectively. Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test was used to analyse the data between groups. For analytical purpose 95% confidence limit (p<0.05) was taken as level of significance.Results: There was significant difference in serum zinc and copper levels in cases compared to control group. Highly significant difference (p<0.001) was found when serum zinc was compared between women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women in second and third trimester. Serum copper level was significantly increased in cases compared to control group in second trimester and the difference was found highly significant (p<0.001) and significant difference (p<0.01) was found in GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women in third trimester.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 52-55

scholarly journals A comparative and correlative study of serum homocysteine level in gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1330
Author(s):  
Manoharan S. ◽  
Sharmila R. ◽  
Natesh Prabhu M.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Correlative Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Background: An alarming increase in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cases worldwide elevates concern regarding the consequences including fetal macrosomia, preeclampsia and many more. Plasma homocysteine levels which has direct impact on to endothelial function of blood vessels. The relationship of homocysteine and GDM is yet to be clarified.Methods: This single centre prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Thanjavur medical college hospital among 50 pregnant primi and multi gravida patients with normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus to assess the association and comparison of serum homocysteine levels in both groups.Results: The mean value of homocysteine in control group was 3.8 ± 0.95 and in gestational diabetes patients was 16.30±6.09. On comparison, found that there was hyperhomocysteinemia among GDM patients with normal pregnancy and results were statistically significant (T= -9.024 Df=48.000 <0.05).Conclusions: In this comparative and correlative study, we found that patients with gestational diabetes mellitus have higher serum homocysteine levels in comparison with normal pregnant women. Hyperhomocysteinemia is found to be an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus patients. Further investigations are needed to follow up for these patients in the postpartum period and later in their life.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Safian ◽  
Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽  
Shiva Borzouei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

scholarly journals Pregnancy course and outcome peculiarities in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Yankina ◽  
N. V. Shatrova ◽  
S. V. Berstneva ◽  
D. N. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Threatened Miscarriage ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious medical and social problem, because it greatly increases the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes for mother and fetus. The frequency of GDM in the general population of different countries varies from 1% to 14% and average 7%, in Russia this figure is estimated at 4.5%. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of GDM in Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center for the last 3 years and examine its influence on the course and outcome of pregnancy. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the birth history data and exchange cards of 1690 pregnant women from 2015 to 2017 at Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center. Results. GDM was diagnosed in 193 women (prevalence – 11.4%), with 62 pregnant women on the basis of the results of oral glucose tolerance test performed in the period of 24-30 weeks. It was established that the course of pregnancy and delivery in patients with GDM was characterized by a high percentage of complications (late gestosis – 18.1%, anemia – 11.3%, swelling – 11.9%, early toxicosis – 4.6%, poly-hydramnios – 12.4%, chronic pyelonephritis – 5.1% and threatened miscarriage – 3.6%). Pregnancy outcome study revealed that the majority – 60.6% of pregnancies ended in natural births. Preterm birth was noted in 15% of cases, of which 2 cases were of perinatal fetal death. The frequency of delivery by cesarean section – 39.4%. The frequency of childbirth large fetus was 21.8%, higher than in women with normal blood glucose levels. Conclusions. The prevalence of GDM in Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center for the last 3 years was 11.4%. Complications during pregnancy were observed in 153 women (79.2%) of with GDM. The most frequent complications were; late gestosis, pregnancy anemia, edema, early toxemia, polyhydramnios, chronic pyelonephritis, and threatened miscarriage. In pregnant women with GDM, adverse outcomes of pregnancy were more common than in women with normoglycemia. Significant differences were obtained in the frequency of premature birth, macrosomia of the fetus and asphyxia during childbirth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Melike Nur Akın ◽  
Burcu Kasap ◽  
Fatih Akın ◽  
Burak Sezgin ◽  
İbrahim Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Epicardial Fat Tissue

Objective We aimed to assess the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease by measuring epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods 28 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and 25 pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the research. Body mass index, laboratory values, blood pressure measurements and obstetric history findings of the study population were recorded. All participants of the study population were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational period. The measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness was taken and aortic stiffness index was also calculated. Results The age, gravidity, parity and obstetric history of the two groups were similar. Epicardial fat tissue thickness was found significantly higher in gestational diabetes mellitus group than control group (0.416 cm and 0.336 cm, respectively; p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found in aortic stiffness measurements of the two groups (p=0.079). Conclusion According to the results of our study, epicardial fat tissue thickness was found to be statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the control group. The fact that no difference was detected in other cardiovascular parameters suggests that measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness in gestational period may be a beneficial adjunctive tool in early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2709
Author(s):  
Poojita Tummala ◽  
Munikrishna M. ◽  
Kiranmayee P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%).  Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.

scholarly journals Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Second and Third Trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhenbo Ouyang ◽  
Mei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Markers

Objective.To determine plasma markers of oxidative stress during the second and third trimester of pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Study Design.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 400 pregnant women, 22 of whom developed GDM. As control group, 30 normal pregnant women were chosen randomly. Plasma samples were analyzed for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) at 16–20 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation.Results.Compared to control subjects, the plasma levels of PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αwere elevated at 16–20 weeks’ and 32–36 weeks’ gestation in GDM. There was no significant difference in PCO and 8-iso-PGF2αat 24–28 weeks in GDM. GPX-3 was statistically significantly increased at 16–20 weeks and 32–36 weeks in GDM. PON1 reduced in patients with GDM. No significant differences were found at 24–28 and 32–36 weeks between the GDM and control groups. In GDM, PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αlevels were higher and GPX-3 and PON1 levels were lower in the second than the third trimester.Conclusion.Oxidation status increased in GDM, especially protein oxidation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM.

scholarly journals Circulating progranulin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy controls during and after pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
Thomas Perkmann ◽  
Bernhard Knapp ◽  
Oswald Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Positive Correlation

ObjectiveProgranulin (PGRN) was recently introduced as a novel marker of chronic inflammatory response in obesity and type 2 diabetes capable of directly affecting the insulin signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the role of PGRN in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is regarded as a model for early type 2 diabetes.MethodsPGRN serum levels were measured in 90 pregnant women (45 GDM and 45 normal glucose tolerance (NGT)). In addition, PGRN was measured during a 2-h, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in 20 pregnant women (ten GDM and ten NGT) and in 16 of them post partum (ten GDM and six NGT).ResultsPGRN concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant women compared with post partum levels (536.79±31.81 vs 241.53±8.86, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed a strong positive correlation of PGRN with estrogen and progesterone. The insulinogenic index, a marker of early insulin secretion, displayed a positive correlation with PGRN, both during and after pregnancy (R=0.47, P=0.034; R=0.63, P=0.012). HbA1c and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index showed significant post partum associations with PGRN (R=0.43, P=0.049; R=−0.65, P=0.009).ConclusionsPGRN concentrations are markedly lower after pregnancy regardless of the gestational glucose tolerance state. PGRN levels per se do not discriminate between mild GDM and NGT in pregnant women. Therefore, the development of GDM appears to be due to impaired β-cell function that is not related to PGRN effect.

scholarly journals Unique Biomarker Characteristics in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Identified by LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xingjun Meng ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Binbin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of glucose intolerance disorder that first occurs during women’s pregnancy. The main diagnostic method for GDM is based on the midpregnancy oral glucose tolerance test. The rise of metabolomics has expanded the opportunity to better identify early diagnostic biomarkers and explore possible pathogenesis. Methods. We collected blood serum from 34 GDM patients and 34 normal controls for a LC-MS-based metabolomics study. Results. 184 metabolites were increased and 86 metabolites were decreased in the positive ion mode, and 65 metabolites were increased and 71 were decreased in the negative ion mode. Also, it was found that the unsaturated fatty acid metabolism was disordered in GDM. Ten metabolites with the most significant differences were selected for follow-up studies. Since the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of a single differential metabolite are not definitive, we combined these metabolites to prepare a ROC curve. We found a set of metabolite combination with the highest sensitivity and specificity, which included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and genistein. The area under the curves (AUC) value of those metabolites was 0.984 between the GDM and control group. Conclusions. Our results provide a direction for the mechanism of GDM research and demonstrate the feasibility of developing a diagnostic test that can distinguish between GDM and normal controls clearly. Our findings were helpful to develop novel biomarkers for precision or personalized diagnosis for GDM. In addition, we provide a critical insight into the pathological and biological mechanisms for GDM.

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