scholarly journals Taqsith Contract: Application And Recognition Of Sales Revenue In Sharia Financial Accounting Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Atika Zahra Maulida ◽  
Agus Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Sales Revenue ◽  
Accounting Reports

scholarly journals Cost with time can yield reliable and relevant financial accounting information

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eno L. Inanga ◽  
Bruce Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Lead Users ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Nominal Amount

It is generally accepted that one of the key financial accounting problems of the day is how to make financial accounting reports, as tools for corporate accountability and stewardship reporting, both reliable and relevant. Practitioners, rule makers, and academics are struggling with this dilemma that is inherent in historical cost financial statements. This paper suggests that historical cost, transactions- based accounting data is nominally reliable, which is an attribute of relevance, but it can be made timelessly relevant, if data about the precise date and time the nominal amount of the transaction was measured are made available to users. Furthermore, the presumption those company-related accountants and the auditors need to prepare a set of financial statements that they need to make relevant to an unknown set of users, should be abandoned. The valuation algorithm, the processes for making historical cost data relevant to situation-specific decision-making, are the prerogative and, most importantly, the responsibility of the users based on their perceptions of the dynamic, quantum world and their unique needs. The paper develops the logical reasons for the positions taken. It also argues that US-GAAP and the resulting financial statements may lead users of accounting information to allege that the financial statements are fraudulent. It is well-recognized by accountants and users that time, the details of which are currently under-reported, is a material fact related to the significance and usefulness of accounting information. Thus, the omission of facts about when the measurements were made, known to be important to understanding the reported information, may be the basis for the allegation of fraud.

scholarly journals Earnings management and industry classification in Brazil: An exploratory investigation

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Elias Feres de Almeida ◽  
Alexsandro Broedel Lopes ◽  
Fabio Moraes da Costa ◽  
João Batista Amorim Toniato
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Industry Classification ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Accounting Reports

Enron and Worldcom accounting scandals brought new attention over the quality of financial accounting reports produced by listed corporations. Earnings management has generally been considered as the main cause of the alleged decrease in earnings relevance over the last decades (Lev, 1989). Following this line of inquiry this paper investigates earnings management activities of Brazilian firms. Prior research suggests that industrial organization can play a relevant role in motivating earnings management practices. To take this effect into account we control for industry classification using Economatica´s 20 sector definition excluding financial services, banks, insurance, and agribusiness. Our earnings management metric is based on the Kang and Sivaramakrishnan (1995) model. Results are only statistically significant for four sectors suggesting that industry classification does not explain the variance in earnings management activities for the selected sample. This output is not consistent with the stated hypothesis. Our findings contribute to the recent debate among practitioners, regulators and academics about the determinants of earnings management practices and accounting quality.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN APLIKASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN MASJID YANG AKUNTABEL SESUAI PSAK 45

2019 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Suratman Suratman ◽  
Yulianti Yulianti ◽  
Nirsetyo Wahdi
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Accounting Reports

Abstrak: Tujuan dalam pengabdian ini untuk merancang Aplikasi Laporan Keuangan Masjid  sesuai dengan Standart Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK-45) agar laporan keungan tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan ada akuntabel  kepada umat yang menginfaqkan sebagain hartanya ke masjid tersebut. Hal tersebut sebagai salah satu pertanggungjawaban ke padada masyarakat pemberi infaq. Tetapi selain itu pengurus masjid juga harus membuat laporan keuangan yang nantinya akan dilaporkan kepada takmir masjid dan kepada semua pengelola tersebut, sehingga harapannya laporan keuangan tersebut dapat disusun secara transparan sehingga tidak ada kecurigaan dari pihak manapun dan lebih-lebih sebagai pertanggungjawaban kepada  Allah SWT. Dalam penyusunan laporan  laporan akuntansi untuk entitas nirlaba telah diatur dalam Pedoman Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK-45) yang telah disusun oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) sebagai penyusun stantar laporan akuntansi, agar laporan keungan tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada masyarakat dan dapat di baca oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap laporan keuangan tersebut. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan dan pendampingan pembuatan laporan keuangan masjid dengan aplikasi laporan keuangan yang  sistematis dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dailakukan bahwa hasil dari kegiatan ini sudah mampu meningkatan pemahaman dan ketrampilan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan masjid yaitu berupa Laporan Posisi Keuangan, Laporan Aktivitas, Laporan Arus Kas, dan laporan Perubahan Ekuitas.Kata Kunci: Laporan Akuntansi; Akuntabilitas; Keuangan Masjid; PSAK45 Abstract: The purpose of this dedication is to design the Mosque Financial Report Application in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK-45) so that the financial report can be held accountable to the people who make a part of their wealth available to the mosque. This is one of the responsibilities given to the community giving infaq. But besides that the mosque management must also make financial reports that will later be reported to the mosque takmir and to all the managers, so that the financial statements can be arranged transparently so that there is no suspicion from any party and moreover as an accountability to Allah SWT. In preparing the accounting reports for non-profit entities, it has been regulated in the Financial Accounting Standards Guidelines (PSAK-45) that have been prepared by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) as a compiler of accounting reports, so that the financial statements can be accountable to the public and can be read by parties parties with an interest in the financial statements. This activity was carried out in the form of outreach and assistance in making mosque financial reports with the systematic application of financial reports using the Microsoft Excel program. From the evaluation results that have been carried out that the results of this activity have been able to increase understanding and skills in preparing the mosque's financial statements in the form of Financial Position Reports, Activity Reports, Cash Flow Statements, and Equity Change reports.Keywords: Accounting Reports; Accountability; Mosque Finance; PSAK45.

scholarly journals Libya’s IAS/IFRS Adoption and Accounting Quality: What Lessons from the European Union Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeb Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Accounting Reports

This study provides a review of the literature on adoption of IAS/IFRS in Libya, the time the IFRS standards decision is made in EU countries and the time IAS/IFRS adoption becomes undertaking in Libyan economy. The adoption of IAS/IFRS in Europe on the quality of financial reporting is an example of accounting standardisation among countries with different institutional frameworks and implementation rules. Impacts of this adoption in Libya will gain many benefit include the improve quality of financial reporting, less earnings management, more comparability, and provide more reliable, accurate, transparency, and high relevance for stock price determination of financial accounting information. These findings could be fruitful and helpful for outside users of accounting reports and also for regulators and legislators in their attempts to constrain the incidence of earnings accounting practises and to enhance the quality of accounting information. To explore the relevance (applicability) of international accounting standards to developing countries such as Libya is a topic of significant interest amongst disclosure (non-accounting information) users. This is a key subject for standard setting purposes as IAS/IFRS have been adopted in many different nations all over the world, and many others are likely to adopt them in the near future (including, Libya). Finally the main limitations of this study are outlined and opportunities for future research are discussed, particularly in relation to this study’s findings about the requirement to reconsider the usefulness of the relationship between accounting practices and framework adoption of IAS/IFRS in Libya.

scholarly journals Practices of Financial and Management Accounting: Evidence fromSmall and Medium-Sized Enterprises of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Gyaneswar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Effective Use

76     One of the important factors which determine the performance of a business  organization is effective use of financial and management accounting system.  In Nepal, very few published evidence on the accounting practices among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is found. In this regards, this study aims to examine the financial and management accounting practices among SMEs in Nepal and to investigate perceived usefulness of these reports for decision making process. A survey was carried out using the SMEs in the various nature of business listed by industrial statistics as sampling frame. The findings from  the study has provided relevant and useful insights about the current financial  and management accounting practices and the level of perceived usefulness of the accounting reports among SMEs. The result of the study indicates that a majority of the SMEs surveyed prepare their accounting reports at least one times in a year.  Man agement accounting reports were perceived to be more useful and decision making tool than financial accounting reports. Among the financial accounting reports, profit and loss statement was considered as most useful, followed by balance sheet and cash flow. It also found that there is no significance mean difference of practices of each accounting system across three types of SMEs.Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 77-86

scholarly journals CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL AND IN VARIOUS NATIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionela Cristina Breahna Pravat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The qualitative characteristics of accounting information presented by financial-accounting reports represent a concept which was subsequently introduced in the national legal accounting framework and, as a rule, the national conceptual frameworks represent the documents by means of which these quality criteria are established. At a worldwide level, there are more international or national organisms that have an important role in the elaboration of accounting standards in general and more specifically in the formulation of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. We find two important ones among them, and these are: International Accounting Standards Board, which creates and promotes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and Financial Accounting Standards Board, which elaborates Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP). However, at the level of each country a standardizing authority decides the rules for producing the financial reports and the qualitative characteristics that must be respected by the information contained in these documents. In this context, this paper aims to present a few general considerations concerning the treatment of the qualitative characteristics of the financial-accounting information in different accounting systems, such as the American one, or the British, French, German, Romanian ones, with insistence on the international approach to qualitative characteristics.

Potential users’ perceptions of general purpose water accounting reports

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Tello ◽  
James Hazelton ◽  
Lorne Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Resource Accounting ◽  
Water Accounting ◽  
Resource Accounting ◽  
Accounting Reports

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of potential users about water accounting reports prepared under Australian general purpose water accounting (GPWA), which applies financial accounting techniques to water and could be extended to other areas of natural resource management. In particular, the paper examines the extent to which users believe GPWA reports are useful and facilitate the discharge of accountability by water managers. Design/methodology/approach – As a theoretical lens the authors apply an extended version of Gray et al.’s (1996) accountability model. The authors utilise mixed method research design comprising a questionnaire administered to users with water-related interests and an analysis of public submissions to the Water Accounting Standards Board on the Exposure Draft of Australian Water Accounting Standard 1. Findings – Overall, users perceive the introduction of GPWA as useful and believe that the benefits will outweigh the costs. The adoption of a financial accounting approach in terms of accounting standards and prescribed methods for booking and disclosing water “transactions” was broadly supported. In terms of the main users of reports, there was some ambiguity but findings suggested that government agencies were likely to be the main users of GPWA. Users were also concerned about the degree of judgement required to determine the identity and boundaries of a “water report entity”. Perhaps the most controversial aspect related to accountability; while the Accountability Statement was broadly supported there was little consensus that GPWA collectively discharged the accountability of water managers. Taken collectively, these results suggest that GPWA may be more useful for improving management performance than accountability. Practical implications – The findings suggest that future iterations of the standard need to reconsider how accountability might be discharged through the production of GPWA. The broad support for GPWA suggests, however, that the financial accounting approach – and hence the accounting community – may also make a valuable contribution to other areas of natural resource accounting. Originality/value – This study contributes to the emerging but still limited literature on GPWA and the fundamentally different approach to natural resource accounting it represents. While some previous studies have examined potential users of GPWA none have done so after the standard has been fully developed, and no previous studies have adopted the mixed research design utilised in this study.

scholarly journals Cost Accounting In Auto Manufacturing Companies In Germany And The United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jinkens ◽  
RamMohan R. Yallapragada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Product Costing ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
The Cost

Corporate accountants are mandated to prepare and distribute financial accounting reports for external U.S.ers at end of each accounting period.  However, there are no similar statutory requirements for corporate accountants to provide managers of their companies with the management accounting information necessary for decision making in their bU.S.iness operations.   Cost accounting is an important integral part of management accounting.  Product costing has always been a much debated issue in management accounting.  The area that has generated a host of conflicting views is the allocation of overhead costs to products.  Traditional absorption costing is claimed to be resulting in an unfair allocation of overhead costs to products.  New approaches such as the Activity Based Costing (ABC) did not receive widespread adoption. It is being realized in management accounting field that an emerging costing method known as Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) is a better method for product costing.  It is a method adopted by the German manufacturing companies.  This paper describes the German cost accounting method and also compares the German cost accounting with the cost accounting in the United States, specifically in the automobile manufacturing indU.S.try.

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