EYE TRACKING APPLIED: VISUAL EXPERTISE IN CODE REVIEWS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Hauser ◽  
Markus Reiß ◽  
Markus Nivala ◽  
Jürgen Mottok ◽  
Hans Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Expertise

How Do Cardiology Practitioners Interpret an Electrocardiogram: An Eye Tracking Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tahri Sqalli ◽  
Dena Al-Thani ◽  
Mohamed Badreldin Elshazly ◽  
Mohammed Ahmad Al-Hijji ◽  
Yahya Sqalli Houssaini
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Visual Expertise ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Ecg Leads

BACKGROUND Visual expertise refers to advanced visual skills demonstrated when executing domain‐specific visual tasks. Understanding healthcare practitioners’ visual expertise across different levels in the healthcare sector is crucial in clarifying how to acquire accurate interpretations of electrocardiograms (ECGs). OBJECTIVE The study aims to quantify, through the use of eye-tracking, differences in the visual expertise of medical practitioners, such as medical students, cardiology nurses, technicians, fellows, and consultants, when interpreting ECGs. METHODS Sixty-three participants with different healthcare roles participated in an eye-tracking study that consisted of interpreting 10 ECGs with different heart abnormalities. A counterbalanced within-subjects design was employed with one independent variable consisting of the expertise level of the medical practitioners and two measured eye-tracking dependent variables (fixations count and fixations revisitation). Eye-tracking data was assessed according to the accuracy of interpretation and frequency interpreters visited different leads in ECGs. In addition, the median and standard deviation in the interquartile range for the fixations count and the mean and standard deviation for the ECG lead revisitations were calculated. RESULTS Accuracy of interpretation ranged between 98% among consultants and 52% among medical students. Eye-tracking features also reflected this difference in the accuracy of interpretation. The results of the eye fixations count and eye fixations revisitations indicate that the less experienced medical practitioners need to observe various ECG leads more carefully. However, experienced medical practitioners rely on visual pattern recognition to provide their ECG diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The results show that visual expertise for ECG interpretation is linked to the practitioner’s role within the healthcare system and the number of years of practical experience interpreting ECGs. Medical practitioners focus on different ECG leads and different waveform abnormalities according to their role in the healthcare sector and their expertise levels.

The Development of Visual Expertise in ECG Interpretation: An Eye-Tracking: Augmented Re Situ Interview Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
William Wu ◽  
Andrew K. Hall ◽  
Heather Braund ◽  
Colin R. Bell ◽  
Adam Szulewski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Expertise ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

scholarly journals EYE-TRACKING IN THE STUDY OF VISUAL EXPERTISE: METHODOLOGY AND APPROACHES IN MEDICINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Elizabeth Fox ◽  
Beverly Elizabeth Faulkner-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Expertise

scholarly journals Eye tracking in Educational Science: Theoretical frameworks and research agendas

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halszka Jarodzka ◽  
Kenneth Holmqvist ◽  
Hans Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Visual Expertise ◽  
Computer Based Learning ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Testing Environments ◽  
Shed Light

Eye tracking is increasingly being used in Educational Science and so has the interest of the eye tracking community grown in this topic. In this paper we briefly introduce the discipline of Educational Science and why it might be interesting to couple it with eye tracking research. We then introduce three major research areas in Educational Science that have already successfully used eye tracking: First, eye tracking has been used to improve the instructional design of computer-based learning and testing environments, often using hyper- or multimedia. Second, eye tracking has shed light on expertise and its development in visual domains, such as chess or medicine. Third, eye tracking has recently been also used to promote visual expertise by means of eye movement modeling examples. We outline the main educational theories for these research areas and indicate where further eye tracking research is needed to expand them.

An Eye-Tracking Study on Audiovisual Speech Perception Strategies Adopted by Normal-Hearing and Deaf Adults Under Different Language Familiarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2245-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Wang ◽  
Yumeng Zhu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Abdilbar Mamat ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Audiovisual Speech Perception ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
Bilingual Speaker ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
Standard Chinese

Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to explore the audiovisual speech perception strategies.80.23.47 adopted by normal-hearing and deaf people in processing familiar and unfamiliar languages. Our primary hypothesis was that they would adopt different perception strategies due to different sensory experiences at an early age, limitations of the physical device, and the developmental gap of language, and others. Method Thirty normal-hearing adults and 33 prelingually deaf adults participated in the study. They were asked to perform judgment and listening tasks while watching videos of a Uygur–Mandarin bilingual speaker in a familiar language (Standard Chinese) or an unfamiliar language (Modern Uygur) while their eye movements were recorded by eye-tracking technology. Results Task had a slight influence on the distribution of selective attention, whereas subject and language had significant influences. To be specific, the normal-hearing and the d10eaf participants mainly gazed at the speaker's eyes and mouth, respectively, in the experiment; moreover, while the normal-hearing participants had to stare longer at the speaker's mouth when they confronted with the unfamiliar language Modern Uygur, the deaf participant did not change their attention allocation pattern when perceiving the two languages. Conclusions Normal-hearing and deaf adults adopt different audiovisual speech perception strategies: Normal-hearing adults mainly look at the eyes, and deaf adults mainly look at the mouth. Additionally, language and task can also modulate the speech perception strategy.

Activation and Persistence of Implicit Causality Information in Spoken Language Comprehension

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirita Pyykkönen ◽  
Juhani Järvikivi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Implicit Causality ◽  
Causality Information ◽  
Spoken Language Comprehension

A visual world eye-tracking study investigated the activation and persistence of implicit causality information in spoken language comprehension. We showed that people infer the implicit causality of verbs as soon as they encounter such verbs in discourse, as is predicted by proponents of the immediate focusing account ( Greene & McKoon, 1995 ; Koornneef & Van Berkum, 2006 ; Van Berkum, Koornneef, Otten, & Nieuwland, 2007 ). Interestingly, we observed activation of implicit causality information even before people encountered the causal conjunction. However, while implicit causality information was persistent as the discourse unfolded, it did not have a privileged role as a focusing cue immediately at the ambiguous pronoun when people were resolving its antecedent. Instead, our study indicated that implicit causality does not affect all referents to the same extent, rather it interacts with other cues in the discourse, especially when one of the referents is already prominently in focus.

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