How Do Cardiology Practitioners Interpret an Electrocardiogram: An Eye Tracking Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Visual expertise refers to advanced visual skills demonstrated when executing domain‐specific visual tasks. Understanding healthcare practitioners’ visual expertise across different levels in the healthcare sector is crucial in clarifying how to acquire accurate interpretations of electrocardiograms (ECGs). OBJECTIVE The study aims to quantify, through the use of eye-tracking, differences in the visual expertise of medical practitioners, such as medical students, cardiology nurses, technicians, fellows, and consultants, when interpreting ECGs. METHODS Sixty-three participants with different healthcare roles participated in an eye-tracking study that consisted of interpreting 10 ECGs with different heart abnormalities. A counterbalanced within-subjects design was employed with one independent variable consisting of the expertise level of the medical practitioners and two measured eye-tracking dependent variables (fixations count and fixations revisitation). Eye-tracking data was assessed according to the accuracy of interpretation and frequency interpreters visited different leads in ECGs. In addition, the median and standard deviation in the interquartile range for the fixations count and the mean and standard deviation for the ECG lead revisitations were calculated. RESULTS Accuracy of interpretation ranged between 98% among consultants and 52% among medical students. Eye-tracking features also reflected this difference in the accuracy of interpretation. The results of the eye fixations count and eye fixations revisitations indicate that the less experienced medical practitioners need to observe various ECG leads more carefully. However, experienced medical practitioners rely on visual pattern recognition to provide their ECG diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The results show that visual expertise for ECG interpretation is linked to the practitioner’s role within the healthcare system and the number of years of practical experience interpreting ECGs. Medical practitioners focus on different ECG leads and different waveform abnormalities according to their role in the healthcare sector and their expertise levels.

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Internet Addiction Status and Related Factors among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Iran

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211025438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110254

Author(s):

Habibolah Khazaie ◽

Javad Yoosefi Lebni ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Behzad Mahaki ◽

Fakhreddin Chaboksavar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Medical Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Technology Use ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

The Internet ◽

Human Society ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internet And Social Media

Background In recent years, Internet and social media technology use have emerged as an integral tool of human society, and the evolution of technological integration, cyberspace, and web-technology has become a common practice in educational institutions. Internet usage among students has played an indispensable role in learning behavior; however, the excessive usage of the internet and social media leads to internet addiction. This original study has performed a focalized scrutiny on revealing relationships between internet addiction and associated factors among the students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmaceutical departments. Methods This descriptive and analytical study recruited medical students from the Self-governing Education Incubator of Kermanshah. This survey distributed questionnaires among the respondents’ three departments, and this statistical data reported on 420 valid responses of the respondents. They represent first and second-semester medical students of the academic year 2017–2018. The study selected medical students by applying Cochran's Sample Size Formula through Stratified Random Sampling and cross-sectional research design. The survey has utilized a demographic questionnaire of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for the data collection. The study analyzed received data by using SPSS version 23 and performed the descriptive statistics, and analytical statistics (t-test and ANOVA). Results The results of the present study established that the majority of subjects were female students (53.3%), and the average age was 23.84 ± 2.14, including the students of all departments. Besides, findings specified that the overall mean and standard deviation scores were 3.34 and ±0.88. Internet addiction revealed mean and the standard deviation score measured for all students 3.29 ± 0.73, 3.17 ± 0.92, and 3.57 ± 0.64 correspondingly. The survey results illustrated that medical students’ internet addiction substantially correlated with demographic variables, such as age, marital status, the field of study, academic term, significant time of consuming the internet, the key reason of utilizing the internet, and daily usage of the internet ( p < .05). Conclusion The results of the study specified that 25% of medical students showed internet addiction. The students are increasingly using the internet, and it has penetrated among students. The design and implementation of adequate educational programs and the application of internet-based efficiency interventions are essential for both knowledge acquisition and medical students’ healthy behavior.

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The role of the registered nurse first assistant within the perioperative setting

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2021.30.3.148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 148-153

Author(s):

Roland Pika ◽

Brid O'Brien ◽

Jill Murphy ◽

Kathleen Markey ◽

Claire O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Registered Nurse ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Nursing Role ◽

Perioperative Nursing ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Provision Of Care

Perioperative setting registered nurse first assistants (RNFAs) are described as non-medical practitioners who perform surgical interventions during surgery. They provide medical care to perioperative patients under the supervision of a consultant surgeon. First assistants in surgery can be an expanded perioperative nursing role. A review of the literature illuminates the need for continuous learning in developing skills in becoming competent RNFA practitioners and how they utilise acquired skills to assist, mentor and teach their colleagues within the perioperative setting. The RNFA is an advanced and expanded practice role. RNFAs contribute significantly to the provision of care within all phases of perioperative care (preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative). There is little literature on the role of the RNFA due to its relatively recent emergence in the healthcare sector and the small number of countries where it is implemented.

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Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies of Healthcare Workers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Clinical Psychology and Special Education ◽

10.17759/cpse.2021100305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 64-83

Author(s):

T.V. Doronina ◽

A.E. Okulova ◽

E.V. Arcishevskaya

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Coping Behavior ◽

Well Being ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Study Data ◽

Self Control ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Behavior Strategies

In 2020, the world faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical workers who are fighting for the lives and health of patients in the "red zones" were on the front line in this struggle. The huge level of responsibility, the increasing duration of shifts, difficult working conditions, fears for their health and the health of their loved ones, and many other factors determined the fact that doctors themselves began to need support for their physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of our work was to study the level of perceived stress in the context of the features of coping strategies in medical professionals with different practical experience (students, practicing doctors) in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of study participants was 59 people, including 35 experienced medical workers aged 33 to 72 years (M=47,88; SD=9,44) and 24 medical students aged 20 to 29 years (M=24,16; SD=3,21) without professional experience, but who voluntarily went to work in the "red zones" during the pandemic. As a result of the study, data were obtained on high levels of perceived stress and overstrain by medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is especially pronounced in students. The differences between experienced doctors and medical students were revealed according to the criterion of their preference for certain coping strategies, namely, the predominance of "Escape–avoidance" coping among students. The connection of dominant coping behavior strategies with the level of perceived stress is also established: students who resort to confrontational coping experience a higher level of perceived stress, and a decrease in their level of overexertion is associated with a greater degree of self-control strategy. Experienced doctors do not have both of these connections.

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An Evaluation of Medical Students' Practical Experience Upon Qualification

Medical Teacher ◽

10.3109/01421598209025984 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 140-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Richard Wakeford ◽

Sarah Roberts

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Practical Experience

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EYE TRACKING APPLIED: VISUAL EXPERTISE IN CODE REVIEWS

EDULEARN17 Proceedings ◽

10.21125/edulearn.2017.1084 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Florian Hauser ◽

Markus Reiß ◽

Markus Nivala ◽

Jürgen Mottok ◽

Hans Gruber

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Visual Expertise

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Unannounced Evacuation Experiment in a High-Rise Hotel Building with Evacuation Elevators: A Study of Evacuation Behaviour Using Eye-Tracking

Fire Technology ◽

10.1007/s10694-020-01046-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Axel Mossberg ◽

Daniel Nilsson ◽

Kristin Andrée

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Guidance System ◽

Hotel Room ◽

High Rise ◽

Eye Fixations ◽

Improve Compliance ◽

Exit Choice ◽

Questionnaire Studies ◽

Evacuation Experiment

Abstract Past studies suggest that people are often reluctant to use occupant evacuation elevators in case of fire. However, existing research is scarce and current knowledge is based on questionnaire studies and laboratory experiments. An unannounced evacuation experiment was therefore performed on the 16th floor of a 35-floor high-rise hotel building. Sixty-seven participants took part and eye-tracking glasses were used to collect data on exit choice and eye fixations. Three different scenarios were studied, including two different hotel room locations on the floor and a variation of guidance system for one of these locations, i.e., flashing green lights next to the evacuation sign at the elevators. Results suggest that people typically choose the elevator for evacuation, even if their hotel room was located closer to the evacuation stair. Flashing green lights next to an evacuation sign made people look more at this sign. However, in spite of looking more at the sign, the flashing light was not shown to significantly improve compliance with the sign. Also, the results suggest that a detector activated self-closing fire door without vision panels to the elevator lobby made it more difficult to find the evacuation elevators in an emergency.

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