Case Study: Reconstructing the 2015 Dulcepamba River Flood Disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Jeanette Newmiller ◽  
Wesley Walker ◽  
William E. Fleenor ◽  
Nicholas Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Return Interval ◽  
Hydrologic Analysis ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT In March 2015, the village of San Pablo de Amalí on the Dulcepamba River in Ecuador was hit by a flood that killed three residents, destroyed five homes, and eroded several hectares of farmland. Residents asserted that the recent construction of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric facility built in the river channel directed flood flows toward the village, causing the associated damage and fatalities. We conducted a forensic hydrologic and hydraulic analysis of the catchment to assess potential causal mechanisms affecting flooding, including the construction of the hydroelectric facility. Hydrologic analysis demonstrated that the river flows produced by the March 2015 storm were equivalent to a 6-year return interval event, with a discharge of 58.6 cms, not the much more extreme 33-year return interval, 400-cms event that had been suggested in a report produced by the hydroelectric company. Hydraulic modeling determined an ∼2-m elevation surcharge of water attributable to the hydroelectric facility, suggesting that damage to the village would not have occurred without the obstruction created by debris blockage of the hydroelectric plant intake. Hydrologic modeling also quantified monthly totals of water availability in the Dulcepamba watershed, including average dry-season flow volumes. When compared to flow volumes allocated to the hydroelectric operator, the modeling indicated that the seasonal water availability in the Dulcepamba watershed is not sufficient to collectively meet the minimum in-stream environmental flow requirements, the agriculture demands from local subsistence irrigators, and the flow volumes allocated to the hydroelectric operator.

scholarly journals Application of shallow seismic profiling to study riverbed architectural facies: a case study of the Tocantins river (Pará - Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ianniruberto ◽  
José E.G. Campos ◽  
Vitto C.M. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Channel Dynamics ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

To date, the vast majority of river sedimentology study has relied on two main categories of observation: direct observation of shallow trenches, cut faces and cores or geophysical survey on dry and shallow regions of braid bars. In this study, a sub-bottom profiler was used to investigate the stratigraphy of the lower course of the Tocantins River in the Amazon region, between the city of Tucuruì and the village of Nazaré dos Patos. The interest in this specific region lies on the possible variation of the fluvial regime due to the installation of the dam of the Tucuruì hydroelectric plant and the perspective that such river would become navigable as soon as the canal lock will be completed. Collected data show a detailed variety and complexity of architectural elements, as well as internal structure of sandy macroforms. Furthermore, the results allowed the identification of three main environments linked to channel sedimentation processes: by-pass, transition and deposition environments, whose distribution is linked to channel dynamics and bedrock topography. The application of the study is manifold, once it provides not only an insight into sedimentary structure of alluvial forms and sedimentation history, but also elements demanded to plan eventual engineering works for river navigability.

COMBINING ORAL TRADITIONS AND BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING TO UNDERSTAND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF PAPUA (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chris Urwin ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
Henry Arifeae
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gulf Of Papua ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two ancestral village sites in Orokolo Bay: Popo and Mirimua Mapoe. A Bayesian model composed of 35 14C assays from seven excavations, alongside the oral traditional accounts, demonstrates that people lived at Popo from 765–575 cal BP until 220–40 cal BP, at which time they moved southwards to Mirimua Mapoe. The village of Popo spanned ca. 34 ha and was composed of various estates, each occupied by a different tribe. Through time, the inhabitants of Popo transformed (e.g., expanded, contracted, and shifted) the village to manage social and ceremonial priorities, long-distance exchange opportunities and changing marine environments. Ours is a crucial case study of how oral traditional ways of understanding the past interrelate with the information generated by Bayesian 14C analyses. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations, strengths, and uncertainties inherent to these forms of chronological knowledge.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Assessment of national water footprint versus water availability - Case study for Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 3577-3585
Author(s):  
Mohamed ElFetyany ◽  
Hanan Farag ◽  
Samah H. Abd El Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
National Water

HOUSEHOLD FORMATION IN 19TH-CENTURY CENTRAL ANATOLIA: THE CASE STUDY OF A TURKISH-SPEAKING ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-517
Author(s):  
Irini Renieri
Keyword(s):  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Household Formation ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extended Households ◽  
The Village

This article explores household formation among the Greek Orthodox population of a mixed village of Cappadocia inhabited by Muslims, as well. The village, Çukur, was located on the right bank of the river Kızılırmak, 49 kilometers north–northwest of Kayseri.1 I aim to show that complex forms of household formation were the main type of social organization and were especially durable over time, with a high average household membership. I attempt to clarify whether the predominance of extended households—which, as other studies have shown, is not that common in the Asian portion of the Ottoman Empire—was related to the Christian character of this section of the Çukur population, or whether the agricultural basis of the village economy played a more important role.

The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5886-5893
Author(s):  
Lu Cang Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Better Than

“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.

Post-work inspection for overbreak in tunnels: a case study application to the Alqueva hydroelectric plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vidal Félix Navarro Torres ◽  
Carlos Dinis Da Gama ◽  
Juan Manuel Girao Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Study Application

scholarly journals Structure of a Story-Telling Performance Among Carpatho-Rusyns in Zakarpats'ka Oblast' of Ukraine: A Case Study

Folklorica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Boudovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Folk Performance ◽  
Collective Creation ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
The Village

This article analyses the transcript of the story-telling session with two participants, an 89-year-old woman and a 54-year-old man, that I audio-recorded in August of 2014 in the village of Novoselytsia in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Although Western  krainian and Rusyn folk stories have been extensively collected since 1880-s (Hnatiuk 1897, 1898, 1900, Rozdol's'kyi 1899, 1900, etc.), entire story-telling sessions in these region have not been studied. My transcript reflects certain features of story-telling performance's macro- and micro-structure that either do not get recorded or get edited out in publications of folk texts, such as interaction between participants, discourse markers for organizing performance, repetitions, and digressions into everyday reality. After analyzing these features using Hymes' approach to linguistic and discourse markers in folk performance, I foreground the precise mechanism through which the collective creation of folklore [Jakobson and Bogatyrev 1980 [1929]] takes place.

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