Taphonomic analysis and sequence stratigraphy of the Albarracinites beds (lower Bajocian, Iberian range, Spain). An example of shallow condensed section

BackgroundThe health status and needs of indigenous populations of Australia, Canada and New Zealand are often compared because of the shared experience of colonisation. One enduring impact has been a disproportionately high rate of commercial tobacco use compared with non-indigenous populations. All three countries have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which acknowledges the harm caused to indigenous peoples by tobacco.Aim and objectivesWe evaluated and compared reporting on FCTC progress related to indigenous peoples by Australia, Canada and New Zealand as States Parties. The critiqued data included disparities in smoking prevalence between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples; extent of indigenous participation in tobacco control development, implementation and evaluation; and what indigenous commercial tobacco reduction interventions were delivered and evaluated.Data sourcesWe searched FCTC: (1) Global Progress Reports for information regarding indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada and New Zealand; and (2) country-specific reports from Australia, Canada and New Zealand between 2007 and 2016.Study selectionTwo of the authors independently reviewed the FCTC Global and respective Country Reports, identifying where indigenous search terms appeared.Data extractionAll data associated with the identified search terms were extracted, and content analysis was applied.ResultsIt is difficult to determine if or what progress has been made to reduce commercial tobacco use by the three States Parties as part of their commitments under FCTC reporting systems. There is some evidence that progress is being made towards reducing indigenous commercial tobacco use, including the implementation of indigenous-focused initiatives. However, there are significant gaps and inconsistencies in reporting. Strengthening FCTC reporting instruments to include standardised indigenous-specific data will help to realise the FCTC Guiding Principles by holding States Parties to account and building momentum for reducing the high prevalence of commercial tobacco use among indigenous peoples.

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Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a narrative review and key points for clinical practice

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2020.1306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 126-135

Author(s):

Mario Mitra ◽

Andrea Mancuso ◽

Flavia Politi ◽

Alberto Maringhini

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

High Rate ◽

First Episode ◽

Bacterial Peritonitis ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Healthcare Associated

Bacterial infections are frequent complications of liver cirrhosis, accounting for severe clinical courses, and increased mortality. The reduction of the negative clinical impact of infections may be achieved by a combination of prophylactic measures to reduce the occurrence, early identification, and management. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), urinary tract infections, pneumonia, cellulitis, and spontaneous bacteremia are frequent in cirrhosis. The choice of initial empirical antimicrobial therapy should be based on both site, severity, and origin of infection (community-acquired, nosocomial, or healthcare-associated) and on antibiotic resistance patterns. 3rd generation cephalosporins are generally indicated as empirical therapy in most community-acquired cases. However, for nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections, due to a high rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, a broader spectrum treatment is appropriate. In order to prevent antibiotic resistance emergence, microbiological cultures should be collected, and a de-escalation applied when antimicrobial susceptibility tests are available. Standard measures to prevent infections and the identification of carriers of MDR bacteria are essential strategies to prevent infections in cirrhosis. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be applied only to gastrointestinal bleeding, SBP recurrence prevention, and cirrhotics at high risk of a first episode of SBP.

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High Rate of Recurrence in Renal Transplant Recipients after a First Episode of Venous Thromboembolism

Transplantation Journal ◽

10.1097/01.tp.0000174168.00730.b4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 789-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Daniela Poli ◽

Maria Zanazzi ◽

Emilia Antonucci ◽

Rossella Marcucci ◽

Alberto Rosati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

High Rate ◽

First Episode ◽

Renal Transplant Recipients ◽

Transplant Recipients

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Performance of high‐rate adaptive equalization on a shallow water acoustic channel

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.417930 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 2213-2219 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. Stojanovic ◽

J. G. Proakis ◽

J. A. Catipovic

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

High Rate ◽

Adaptive Equalization ◽

Acoustic Channel ◽

Rate Adaptive

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Anti-chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Indigenous groups in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. e0009468

Author(s):

Jandir Mendonça Nicacio ◽

Ricardo Khouri ◽

Antônio Marconi Leandro da Silva ◽

Manoel Barral-Netto ◽

João Augusto Costa Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

High Rate ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Background Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a serious public health problem with a high rate of infection and chronic disabling manifestations that has affected more than 2 million people worldwide since 2005. In spite of this, epidemiological data on vulnerable groups such as Indigenous people are scarce, making it difficult to implement public policies in order to prevent this disease and assist these populations. Objective To describe the serological and epidemiological profile of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in two Indigenous populations in Northeast Brazil, as well as in an urbanized control community, and to explore associations between CHIKV and anthropometric variables in these populations. Methodology/Principal findings This is a cross-sectional ancillary study of the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI) that included people 30 to 70 years old, recruited from two Indigenous tribes (the less urbanized Fulni-ô and the more urbanized Truká people) and an urbanized non-Indigenous control group from the same area. Subjects underwent clinical evaluation and were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serological profile was described according to ethnicity, sex, and age. The study population included 433 individuals distributed as follows: 109 (25·2%) Truká, 272 (62·8%) Fulni-ô, and 52 (12%) from the non-Indigenous urbanized control group. Overall prevalence of CHIKV IgG in the study sample was 49.9% (216; 95% CI: 45·1–54·7). When the sample was stratified, positive CHIKV IgG was distributed as follows: no individuals in the Truká group, 78·3% (213/272; 95% CI: 72·9–83·1) in the Fulni-ô group, and 5.8% (3/52; 95% CI: 1.21–16) in the control group. Conclusions/Significance Positive tests for CHIKV showed a very high prevalence in a traditional Indigenous population, in contrast to the absence of anti-CHIKV serology in the Truká people, who are more urbanized with respect to physical landscape, socio-cultural, and historical aspects, as well as a low prevalence in the non-Indigenous control group, although all groups are located in the same area.

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Some Aspects of Sedimentology of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.16959085 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Diane Seward

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Fission Track ◽

Sediment Accumulation ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Sediment Sources ◽

Sedimentary Structures ◽

Volcanic Region ◽

Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

<p>The thesis comprises studies of the marine Pleistocene sediments of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand. Part I deals with the chronology of the sediments and correlation of horizons within and outside the basin, by dating glass shards from tephra horizons using the fission-track method. Correlation to similar tephras from Hawke's Bay, to deep-sea cores taken 1000km east of New Zealand and to the central North Island volcanic district is attempted. These fission-track ages fill a dating gap that previously existed in the New Zealand marine Quaternary sequence. Thirteen tephras were examined in the Wanganui Basin and were found to range in age from 1.50 [plus or minus] 0.21m.y.B.P. (Ohingaiti Ash) to 0.28 [plus or minus] 0.05m.y.B.P. (uppermost Finnis Road Ash). These tephras record major rhyolitic eruptive phases in the central volcanic region. The most significant eruptive phase began 1.06 [plus or minus]0.16m.y.B.P. with the deposition of the Makirikiri Tuff sediments, continued to 0.88 [plus or minus]0.13m.y.B.P. and is tentatively associated with the older ignimbrites of the King Country, west of Lake Taupe. A volcanically quiet period followed when no volcanic glass was deposited in the sediments, until 0.74 [plus or minus] 0.09m.y.B.P. Several large eruptions then occurred between 0.74 and 0.28m.y.B.P. The age of the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, at the base of the Hautawan Stage in the Wanganui Basin is 1.87m.y.B.P. The age of the base of the Nukumaruan is 1.55m.y.B.P., the Okehuan, 1.06m.y.B.P., the Castleclifflan 0.45m.y.B.P., and the Hawera Series is less than 0.38m.y.B.P. Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy was determined for the upper Nukumaruan and lower Okehan sequence in the Rangitikei River. Viscous components of magnetism were removed from the samples by thermal demagnetising, extreme care being needed to obtain consistent results. Independent dates from the palaeomagnetic stratigraphy substantially confirm the fission-track dates. The Bruhnes-Matuyama boundary is clearly defined between the Rewa and Potaka Pumice Members (aged 0.74 and 0.61m.y.B.P. respectively) of the Kaimatira Pumice Send Formation. The Jaramillo event was not recognised and is probably represented in part of the sequence where sediments are too coarse and friable to yield palaeomagnetic cores. Part II deals with the detailed sedimentology of the lower Okehuan Stage sequence which is composed of two volcaniclastic formations, the Makirikiri Tuff and Kaimatira Pubmice Sand, separated by a non-volcaniclastic siltstone formation, the Okehu Siltstone. Interpretations of the Sedimentary structures in the Makirikiri Tuff and the Kaimatira Pumice Sand Formation confirm previous conclusions of shallow water deposition based on palaeontological evidence. Some structures also indicate the high rate of sediment accumulation during deposition of the volcancic sediments. Size analysis statistics show influence of source material and processes acting on the sediment during transport and deposition. Rapid sediment accumulation is emphasised by poor sorting, and processed inferred from the sedimentary structures are confirmed by the grain size analyses of the same structures. Analysis of the attitude of large and small scale cross-stratification reveals a complex polymodal palaeocurrent pattern, as might be expected of shallow water to intertidal sequences. Although often bipolar-bimodal, the dominant sediment transport appears to have been from west to east, similar to the direction of current movement along the Wanganui coast today. Size and petrography of clasts from the conglomeratic horizons indicated sediment sources both from the central volcanic region of North Island and from the Mesozoic "greywackes" of the axial mountain ranges which were emergent and probably significantly elevated at the time when the sediments were accumulating. No volcanic debris was deposited with the Okehu Siltstone. The mineralogy of the sands points to the same sediment sources but also indicates that some metamorphic material was being introduced most likely from South Island. Part III of the thesis represents a pilot study undertaken to determine whether isotopic differences in fossil shell composition could be used to distinguish shells that grew in fully marine water from those that grew in less saline conditions. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were determined on shells from three formations whose environments had been adequately studied by paleontologists. The horisons chosen were the Waipuru Shellbed, the Tewkesbury Formation and the Tainui Shellbed. Agreement with the palaeontological evidence and thus distinction between the fully marine and the fresh water contaminated marine environments was possible with the technique.</p>

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Some Aspects of Sedimentology of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.16959085.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Diane Seward

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Fission Track ◽

Sediment Accumulation ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Sediment Sources ◽

Sedimentary Structures ◽

Volcanic Region ◽

Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

<p>The thesis comprises studies of the marine Pleistocene sediments of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand. Part I deals with the chronology of the sediments and correlation of horizons within and outside the basin, by dating glass shards from tephra horizons using the fission-track method. Correlation to similar tephras from Hawke's Bay, to deep-sea cores taken 1000km east of New Zealand and to the central North Island volcanic district is attempted. These fission-track ages fill a dating gap that previously existed in the New Zealand marine Quaternary sequence. Thirteen tephras were examined in the Wanganui Basin and were found to range in age from 1.50 [plus or minus] 0.21m.y.B.P. (Ohingaiti Ash) to 0.28 [plus or minus] 0.05m.y.B.P. (uppermost Finnis Road Ash). These tephras record major rhyolitic eruptive phases in the central volcanic region. The most significant eruptive phase began 1.06 [plus or minus]0.16m.y.B.P. with the deposition of the Makirikiri Tuff sediments, continued to 0.88 [plus or minus]0.13m.y.B.P. and is tentatively associated with the older ignimbrites of the King Country, west of Lake Taupe. A volcanically quiet period followed when no volcanic glass was deposited in the sediments, until 0.74 [plus or minus] 0.09m.y.B.P. Several large eruptions then occurred between 0.74 and 0.28m.y.B.P. The age of the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, at the base of the Hautawan Stage in the Wanganui Basin is 1.87m.y.B.P. The age of the base of the Nukumaruan is 1.55m.y.B.P., the Okehuan, 1.06m.y.B.P., the Castleclifflan 0.45m.y.B.P., and the Hawera Series is less than 0.38m.y.B.P. Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy was determined for the upper Nukumaruan and lower Okehan sequence in the Rangitikei River. Viscous components of magnetism were removed from the samples by thermal demagnetising, extreme care being needed to obtain consistent results. Independent dates from the palaeomagnetic stratigraphy substantially confirm the fission-track dates. The Bruhnes-Matuyama boundary is clearly defined between the Rewa and Potaka Pumice Members (aged 0.74 and 0.61m.y.B.P. respectively) of the Kaimatira Pumice Send Formation. The Jaramillo event was not recognised and is probably represented in part of the sequence where sediments are too coarse and friable to yield palaeomagnetic cores. Part II deals with the detailed sedimentology of the lower Okehuan Stage sequence which is composed of two volcaniclastic formations, the Makirikiri Tuff and Kaimatira Pubmice Sand, separated by a non-volcaniclastic siltstone formation, the Okehu Siltstone. Interpretations of the Sedimentary structures in the Makirikiri Tuff and the Kaimatira Pumice Sand Formation confirm previous conclusions of shallow water deposition based on palaeontological evidence. Some structures also indicate the high rate of sediment accumulation during deposition of the volcancic sediments. Size analysis statistics show influence of source material and processes acting on the sediment during transport and deposition. Rapid sediment accumulation is emphasised by poor sorting, and processed inferred from the sedimentary structures are confirmed by the grain size analyses of the same structures. Analysis of the attitude of large and small scale cross-stratification reveals a complex polymodal palaeocurrent pattern, as might be expected of shallow water to intertidal sequences. Although often bipolar-bimodal, the dominant sediment transport appears to have been from west to east, similar to the direction of current movement along the Wanganui coast today. Size and petrography of clasts from the conglomeratic horizons indicated sediment sources both from the central volcanic region of North Island and from the Mesozoic "greywackes" of the axial mountain ranges which were emergent and probably significantly elevated at the time when the sediments were accumulating. No volcanic debris was deposited with the Okehu Siltstone. The mineralogy of the sands points to the same sediment sources but also indicates that some metamorphic material was being introduced most likely from South Island. Part III of the thesis represents a pilot study undertaken to determine whether isotopic differences in fossil shell composition could be used to distinguish shells that grew in fully marine water from those that grew in less saline conditions. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were determined on shells from three formations whose environments had been adequately studied by paleontologists. The horisons chosen were the Waipuru Shellbed, the Tewkesbury Formation and the Tainui Shellbed. Agreement with the palaeontological evidence and thus distinction between the fully marine and the fresh water contaminated marine environments was possible with the technique.</p>

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Acute Splenic Sequestration in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): Still a Life Threatening Complication

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.4811.4811 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 4811-4811

Author(s):

Valentine Brousse ◽

Emmanuelle Lesprit ◽

Francoise Bernaudin ◽

Marie-Helene Odievre ◽

Corinne Guitton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Fatal Case ◽

High Rate ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

First Episode ◽

Splenic Sequestration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Life Threatening ◽

First Recurrence ◽

Hb Concentration

Abstract Background: Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) is a life threatening event in SCD during early childhood. Subsequent related mortality has been greatly reduced by both parental education and appropriate management. Moreover SCD screening in neonatal period has allowed early detection contributing to the decrease in fatal attacks. Objectives: Our aim was to update splenic sequestration epidemiology in a French cohort followed after neonatal screening. Methods: we reviewed the medical files of SCD children born between 2000–2007 followed since birth in 5 pediatric centres. We included all SCD children diagnosed with acute splenic sequestration, defined as an acutely enlarging spleen with a fall of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of at least 2g/dL. Results: A total of 266 episodes of ASS occurred in120 children. There were 69 boys and 51 girls. Genotypes were as follows: 9 S beta° thalassemia, 2 SD-Punjab, 4 SC, 105 SS. In the SS subgroup, median age at first episode was 16 months [1–83] and 34,8% of these first episodes occurred before 12 months of age. Associated symptoms were found in 37 cases (isolated fever n=20, vaso occlusive crisis n=5, identified viral or bacterial infection n= 12) and did not influence the rate of recurrence. Mean Hb level during first crisis was 5.2g/dL [3.3–7]. Mean age at first episode for those who experienced only one episode (n=43) versus more than one episode (n=62) was statistically different (18 months (+/−10) versus 28 (+/−22); p=0.002, Student test). Median interval between first and second episode was 3.5 months [1–31]. 31 patients had 3 or more episodes with a mean interval between second and third interval of 2 months [1–17]. There was no significant difference in the mean age at first episode in children who experienced 2, 3 or more episodes. There was only one fatal case due to acute anemia which occurred in a girl at first recurrence (Hb:2,2g/dL). After the second attack 14(22.5%) patients were splenectomized, 26 patients (41.9%) were started on a transfusion program (followed in 13 cases by splenectomy) and 21 were followed up. Splenectomy was performed at a median age of 4.5years. Conclusion: These results show that ASS remains a major concern in the management of SCD children. We show a high rate of recurrence and young age at first episode favours this recurrence threat. This study further confirms the effectiveness of early diagnosis and parental education in the decrease of mortality. Prospective studies on spleen dysfunction and additional research on predictive factors are warranted.

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