scholarly journals Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Almendra ◽  
Paula Santana ◽  
Claudia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk

COVID-19 hit the world in a sudden and uneven way. Scientific community has provided strong evidence about socioeconomic characteristics of the territory associated with the geographical pattern of COVID-19 incidence. Still, the role played by these factors differs between study areas. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were applied to explore the spatially varying association between age-standardized COVID-19 incidence rate in 2020 and socioeconomic conditions in Portugal, at the municipality level. The spatial context was defined as a function of the number of neighbours; the bandwidth was determined through AIC. Prior, the validity of the GWR was assessed through ordinary least squares models. Border proximity, proportion of overcrowded living quarters, persons employed in manufacturing establishments and persons employed in construction establishments were found to be significant predictors. It was possible to observe that municipalities are affected differently by the same factor, and that this varying influence has identifiable geographical patterns, the role of each analysed factor varies importantly across the country. This study provides useful insights for policymakers for targeted interventions and for proper identification of risk factors.

Contemporary echoes of segregationist policy: Spatial marking and the persistence of inequality

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802094734
Author(s):  
Jacob Faber
Keyword(s):  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loan Corporation ◽  
To Receive

The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), established in the US during the Great Depression to provide relief to a failing housing market, had a lasting effect through institutionalising the segregationist practice of denying mortgages to communities of colour. Over subsequent decades, ‘redlining’ funnelled billions of US dollars away from minority neighbourhoods and shaped segregation patterns – constituting perhaps the most influential example of institutional intervention in the hierarchy of places. This history of racialised exclusion via the process of ‘spatial marking’ is reflected in contemporary housing inequality, which remains one of the most severe sites of racial stratification. This article combines newly-digitised archival data with data describing recent mortgage outcomes to investigate the role of institutional classification of place in the persistence of housing finance inequality. I show that borrowers in the 21st century were at a severe disadvantage when pursuing mortgages in neighbourhoods redlined by HOLC appraisers in the early 20th century. Such applicants were more likely to be denied loans and to receive subprime loans net of measures of selection and ecological disadvantage. This article shows that the geographical patterns of exclusion and exploitation are remarkably stable, and highlights the role of persistent institutional marginalisation in replicating racial and spatial inequalities.

Role of acquired and hereditary thrombotic risk factors in patients with ischemic colitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A282-A282
Author(s):  
I KOUTROUBAKIS ◽  
A SFIRIDAKI ◽  
A THEODOROPOULOU ◽  
A LIVADIOTAKI ◽  
P DIMOULIOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Colitis ◽  
Thrombotic Risk

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

The pathway to special education: The role of early risk factors in disability identification

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney A. Leboeuf ◽  
Benjamin Brumley ◽  
John W. Fantuzzo ◽  
Cody A. Hostutler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Disability Identification

Risk factors for stroke after cardiac surgery: The role of screening carotid ultrasonography

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Boeken ◽  
P Akhyari ◽  
JP Minol ◽  
A Assmann ◽  
A Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Carotid Ultrasonography

Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions among school-age children at Khartoum State 2011/2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Dr. Suzan Ail Yousif Abo* ,Dr. ALI abdalazez Salih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Year ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Watching Tv

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out at Khartoum Stateduring the school year 20112/2012 to estimate the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren aged 6-15 years and to investigate the relationship between BMI (Body MassIndex) and socioeconomic status and life style factors. Two hundred and fifty pupilsparticipated in this study. The researcher took the anthropometric measurement insidethe class room and gave the questionnaire the students to be answered by one of child’sparents. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS Version 13.0).In this study, prevalence of obesity was found to be (48%) of them 18% males and 30%females. Income of the family, number of high caloric carbonated beverages/week, wayof transportation to school, length of daily playing outside the home, and time spentin watching TV and video games were significantly correlated with student’s BMI.While parent’s BMI was not having significant correlation with student’s BMI.This study is considered as the first study in its field regarding this age category inKhartoum State, and it is promoting future researches in obesity and its determinant.Key words: Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions amongschool-age children

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