IMPACT OF EXTRACTS OF Azadirachta indica AND Datura inoxia ON THE ESTERASES AND PHOSPHATASES OF THREE STORED GRAINS INSECT PESTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

A rapid biodiversity evaluation of arboreal termite was carried out on the campus of Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. Three different trees which include Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis were selected from three different sites (campus new site, premises of administrative offices and commercial area) on the campus and examined for termite activity, either arboreal nests or mud tubes which indicated infestation by the termites. Using a soft brush termite samples were collected into a labeled sampling bottle containing 10% formalin solution by cutting open the mud tubes and the nests with a forceps on the trees. A total of one hundred and twelve (112) individuals termites were samples were collected during the study belonging to five species: Coptotermes sp., Microtermes sp., Odontotermes sp., Amitermes sp. and Nutitermes sp. The Coptotermes sp. are the most abundant species both on the trees and the sites. Khaya senegalensis has the greatest diversity of the termite fauna as compared to other trees while campus new site (site A) also has greatest diversity. Coptotermes sp are insects of agricultural economic importance and feed on dead wood; therefore, they are insect pests of these trees and other building structures on the campus.

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Rapid Biodiversity Evaluation of the Arboreal Termites in Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr/2020/22/483 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Jibril Abdullahi ◽

Jamila Bafa Saleh

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Building Structures ◽

Commercial Area ◽

Khaya Senegalensis

A rapid biodiversity evaluation of arboreal termite was carried out on the campus of Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. Three different trees which include Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis were selected from three different sites (campus new site, premises of administrative offices and commercial area) on the campus and examined for termite activity, either arboreal nests or mud tubes which indicated infestation by the termites. Using a soft brush termite samples were collected into a labeled sampling bottle containing 10% formalin solution by cutting open the mud tubes and the nests with a forceps on the trees. A total of one hundred and twelve (112) individuals termites were samples were collected during the study belonging to five species: Coptotermes sp., Microtermes sp., Odontotermes sp., Amitermes sp. and Nutitermes sp. The Coptotermes sp. are the most abundant species both on the trees and the sites. Khaya senegalensis has the greatest diversity of the termite fauna as compared to other trees while campus new site (site A) also has greatest diversity. Coptotermes sp are insects of agricultural economic importance and feed on dead wood; therefore, they are insect pests of these trees and other building structures on the campus.

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Insectos plaga de granos almacenados. Impacto en la seguridad alimentaria del municipio Las Tunas, Cuba

La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982 ◽

10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i0.1023 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Dayami Laguna Ávila ◽

Carlos Pupo Feria ◽

Gladia González Ramírez ◽

Alina Espeek González

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Safety ◽

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Main Species ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Bruchus Pisorum

Insects pest of stored grains. Impact on food security of Las Tunas municipality, Cuba Resumen Con el objetivo de determinar las especies de insectos plaga en granos almacenados para la obtención de información que contribuyan al manejo de sus poblaciones y minimizar las pérdidas que influyen en la seguridad alimentaria de la población, se realizó un estudio en la Unidad 639 de la Empresa Mayorista de Productos Alimenticios del municipio Las Tunas, Cuba, en el período de enero del año 2011 hasta diciembre del año 2013. En el estudio se colectaron e identificaron 26 especies de insectos plaga en las naves, distribuidas en 19 géneros y 12 familias, pertenecientes a tres órdenes, de ellas, 23 especies cosmopolitas y de amplia distribución en Cuba. Las principales especies de insectos plaga encontradas fueron Tribolium castaneum; Ahasverus advena; Bruchus pisorum; Sitophilus oryzae; Ephestia sp. y Liposcelis sp. El hospedante con mayor frecuencia de aparición de las especies de insectos plaga fue el arroz, seguido por el frijol y el chícharo. Palabras clave: almacenes; cereal; plagas Abstract In order to determine the species of insect pests in stored grains to obtain information that contribute to the management of their populations and minimize losses that influence the food security of the population, a study was carried out in Unit 639 of the Company Wholesaler of Food Products of the municipality Las Tunas, Cuba, in the period from January 2011 until December 2013. The study collected and identified 26 species of insect pests in the ships, distributed in 19 genera and 12 families, belonging to three orders, of which 23 species are cosmopolitan and widely distributed in Cuba. The main species of pest insects found were Tribolium castaneum; Ahasverus advena; Bruchus pisorum; Sitophilus oryzae; Ephestia sp. and Liposcelis sp. The host with the highest frequency of appearance of insect pests was rice, followed by beans and peas. Keywords: Insect pests; storage; food safety.

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Use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as a biopesticide in agriculture: A review

Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology ◽

10.11594/jaab.01.02.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 100-117

Author(s):

Kripa Adhikari ◽

Sudip Bhandari ◽

Dikshya Niraula ◽

Jiban Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Neem Extract ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Pest Damage ◽

Azadirachtin A ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of Meliaceae family, a fast-growing tropical evergreen plant whose products were found effective against economically important insect pests and diseases. All parts of this plant particularly leaf, bark, and root extracts have the biopesticidal activities. Azadirachtin, a biopesticide obtained from neem extract, can be used for con-trolling various insect pests in agriculture. It acts on insects by repelling them, by inhibiting feeding, and by disrupting their growth, and reproduction. Neem-based formulations do not usually kill insects directly, but they can alter their behavior in significant ways to reduce pest damage to crops and reduce their reproductive potential. The neem is considered as an eas-ily accessible, eco-friendly, biodegradable, cheap, and non-toxic biopesticide which control the target pests. Thus, this re-view highlighted the extract, byproducts and roles of neem that can be used as potential biopesticide in agriculture.

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Plant-pollinator interactions in Crambe abyssinicaHochst. (Brassicaceae) associated with environmental variables

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520130365 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lívia C. Simioni ◽

Rosilda M. Mussury ◽

Munir Mauad ◽

Daiane M. Dresh ◽

Fabricio F. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Weekly Basis ◽

Pollinator Visitation ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Plant Pollinator

Despite the economic importance of Crambe abyssinica, the present study is the first report on bees that occur with this species, and could aid in developing alternative methods for controlling insect pests without seriously impacting pollinators. The present study examined the following questions: (1) Which species are potential pollinators of C. abyssinica? (2) How do environmental conditions influence pollinator visitation fluctuations? Insects were sampled on a weekly basis between 08:00 and 16:00 during five weeks of flowering. When the results of analyses of variance were significant, the data was adjusted using regression equations at a 5% level of probability; the environmental variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Apis mellifera, Geotrigona mombuca, Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) fulvofasciata, Plebeia sp. and Dialictus sp. were observed visiting C. abyssinica flowers. A. melliferaand G. mombucawere observed to be potential pollinators, with the former demonstrating visitation peaks during flowering weeks II and IV at 12:00 and 08:00, respectively and the latter visiting during weeks III and IV at 12:00 and 10:00, respectively. Environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed have different effect on the activity of bees.

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Sunflower seed hulls waste as a novel source of insecticidal product: Pyrolysis bio-oil bioactivity on insect pests of stored grains and products

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125000 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 125000

Author(s):

Rodrigo Iñaki Urrutia ◽

Cristhian Yeguerman ◽

Emiliano Jesser ◽

Victoria Soledad Gutierrez ◽

Maria Alicia Volpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sunflower Seed ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Stored Grains

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Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10040105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anastasia Njoroge ◽

Hippolyte Affognon ◽

Uwe Richter ◽

Oliver Hensel ◽

Barukh Rohde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Background Noise ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pitfall Trap ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Prostephanus Truncatus ◽

Postharvest Losses ◽

Stored Product Pest ◽

Insect Populations

Grain production is an important component of food security in Kenya but due to environmental conditions that favor rapid growth of insect populations, farmers and other agricultural stakeholders face ongoing and novel challenges from crop and stored product pest insects. To assist development of methods to reduce economic losses from stored product insect pests in Kenya, acoustic, visual, and pitfall trap surveys were conducted in five grain storage warehouses. Two commercially available acoustic systems successfully detected the pests of greatest economic importance, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Other insects of lesser economic importance also were observed in the visual surveys, including Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). This study demonstrated that the use of acoustic technology with visual surveys and pitfall traps can help managers to identify and target infestations within their warehouses, enabling them to reduce postharvest losses. With most warehouses being located in relatively noisy urban or peri-urban areas, background noise considerations are being incorporated into the design of future acoustic detectors for stored pest infestations. Kenya must import grain yearly to meet consumption needs; however, if the current yearly postharvest losses of 20–30% in warehouses decreased, import costs could be reduced considerably.

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