scholarly journals Genealogical concordance of phylogenetic species recognition-based delimitation of Neopestalotiopsis species associated with leaf spots and fruit canker disease affected guava plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1301-1313
Author(s):  
Imran Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Neopestalotiopsis species are known to be involved in plant diseases as associated pathogens. The taxonomic identification of the fungal group Neopestalotiopsisis little bit difficult due to its complex evolutionary history. In the present study, seven fungal isolates were investigated from canker-affected guava plants. The phylogeny for generic placement of these isolates was analyzed to validate them as Neopestalotiopsis genus by phylogenetic signals from the 28S nrRNA region (LSU). Generated morphological data was segregated as new morpho-species of the Neopestalotiopsis genus. Hence, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and Tubulin (TUB) genic region of these isolates were studied in juxtaposition with morphological data to resolve species limits. Both phylogenetic and morphological data revealed four novel species of the Neopestalotiopsis genus out of seven isolates studied. These Neopestalotiopsis species could be of great significance for further investigation as putative pathogens associated with canker or scabby canker disease in guava.

scholarly journals Three-Locus Sequence Identification and Differential Tebuconazole Sensitivity Suggest Novel Fusarium equiseti Haplotype from Trinidad

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria T. Villafana ◽  
Sephra N. Rampersad
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Sequence Identification ◽  
Genealogical Concordance

The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) consists of 33 phylogenetic species according to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR). A multi-locus dataset consisting of nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1), and partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), was generated to distinguish among phylogenetic species within the FIESC isolates infecting bell pepper in Trinidad. Three phylogenetic species belonged to the Incarnatum clade (FIESC-15, FIESC-16, and FIESC-26), and one species belonged to the Equiseti clade (FIESC-14). Specific MLST types were sensitive to 10 µg/mL of tebuconazole fungicide as a discriminatory dose. The EC50 values were significantly different among the four MLST groups, which were separated into two homogeneous groups: FIESC-26a and FIESC-14a, demonstrating the “sensitive” azole phenotype and FIESC-15a and FIESC-16a as the “less sensitive” azole phenotype. CYP51C sequences of the Trinidad isolates, although under positive selection, were without any signatures of recombination, were highly conserved, and were not correlated with these azole phenotypes. CYP51C sequences were unable to resolve the FIESC isolates as phylogenetic inference indicated polytomic branching for these sequences. This data is important to different research communities, including those studying Fusarium phytopathology, mycotoxins, and public health impacts.

Additions to pestalotioid fungi in Thailand: Neopestalotiopsis hydeana sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis hydei sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 479 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
NARUEMON HUANALUEK ◽  
RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA ◽  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
DULANJALEE L. HARISHCHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Partial Translation

Pestalotioid fungi commonly occur as pathogens, endophytes or saprobes. In this study, pestalotioid fungi associated with leaf spots and fruit rots were isolated from Alpinia malaccensis, A. galangal, Annona squamosa, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus sp., Garcinia mangostana, Litsea petiolata, a pteridophyte, and Vitis vinifera in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Based on single- and multi-locus phylogenies using internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions, along with morphological features, the isolates were identified as two new species, Neopestalotiopsis hydeana and Pestalotiopsis hydei. This is the first time a Pestalotiopsis sp. was reported associated with Litsea petiolata and a Neopestalotiopsis sp. recorded from Alpinia, Annona, Artocarpus, Garcinia and a pteridophyte in the world. This fungal group can be considered as an emerging pathogenic group on different hosts in different climatic conditions. 

scholarly journals First report of Head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium vorosii in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Obradović ◽  
Jelena Stepanovic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Goran Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Β Tubulin

The cosmopolitan species Fusarium graminearum Schwabe directly reduces yield, as well as grain quality of cereals, due to its ability to synthesize mycotoxins. Previously it was considered to be one species occurring on all continents. However, phylogenetic analysis employing the GCPSR method (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) revealed the existence of 15 phylogenetic species within what is now recognised as the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex (FGSC) (Sarver et al. 2011). During 1996-2008, a MRIZP collection of FGSC isolates was established and isolates originating from wheat (5), maize (3) and barely (2) were selected for further study. Morphological features including the appearance of colonies and macroconidia (average size 38.5-53.1 × 4.6-5.4 µm, No 50) of all 10 isolates on PDA were consistent with descriptions of F. graminearum (O’Donnell et al. 2004, Leslie and Summerell 2006). Total DNA was isolated from mycelium removed from 7-day old colonies of single-spore isolates grown on PDA using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden). Further identification was based on amplification and sequencing of elongation factor TEF−1α, histone H3 and β−tubulin in both directions, with primers ef1/ef2, H3-1a/H3-1b and T1/T22, respectively (Jacobs et al. 2010). The sequences were deposited in NCBI under accession numbers MF974399 - MF974408 (TEF−1α), MG063783 - MG063792 (β−tubulin) and MF999139 - MF999148 (histone H3). Sequence analysis was performed using BLAST while genetic similarity was calculated using MEGA 6.0 software. Isolate 1339 originating from wheat (collected at the locality of Kikinda in 2006), shared 100% nucleotide identity with TEF−1α (DQ459745), histone H3 (DQ459728) and β−tubulin (DQ459643) of F. vorosii isolate NRRL37605 (Starkey et al. 2007). The remaining nine isolates were identified as F. graminearum as they shared 99% to 100% nucleotide similarity with F. graminearum NRRL 28439 (O’Donnell et al. 2004). Pathogenicity was tested using artificial inoculations of spikes during wheat flowering (Mesterhazy et al. 1999). Thirty classes were inoculated with each isolate, in three replicates. Inoculum was prepared from 7-day colonies on PDA, and 30 ml of a conidia suspension (1x105 conidia/ml) was used. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. Three weeks after inoculation, typical Fusarium head blight symptoms were visible on inoculated plants, from which all 10 isolates were successfully reisolated. Control spikes remained symptomless. Disease severity was estimated on the 1-7 scale (Blandino et al. 2012). Average pathogenicity of the F. vorosii isolate 1339 was 1.9, and 2.4 -5.1 of F. graminearum isolates. Toxin production was determined using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Kernels inoculated with the 10 isolates were ground and tested for the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetyl derivatives 3ADON, 15ADON and NIV. F. vorosii isolate 1339 possessed the 15ADON chemotype, as well as eight F. graminearum isolates, while only one F. graminearum isolate was 3ADON chemotype. To date, F. vorosii has only been detected in Hungary on wheat (Toth et al. 2005) and Korea on barley, corn and rice (Lee et al. 2016). This is the first report of F. vorosii in Serbia, which is of great importance, because it indicates the spread of this toxigenic species. Further studies should be focused on determining the distribution, aggressiveness and toxicological profile of F. vorosii.

scholarly journals Coniella vitis sp. nov. Is the Common Pathogen of White Rot in Chinese Vineyards

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2123-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. T. Chethana ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
Q. K. Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Vitis Sp

Grape white rot is a common disease and causes considerable yield losses in many grape-growing regions when environmental conditions are favorable. We surveyed grape white rot in five provinces in China and collected 27 isolates from diseased grape tissues. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), the 28S large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF 1-α), and partial histone 3 gene (HIS), coupled with genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition and morphological observations, revealed that Coniella vitis sp. nov. and C. diplodiella are the causal agents of grape white rot in China. Koch’s postulates were performed on Vitis vinifera cv. Summer Black in a greenhouse. These results confirmed the pathogenicity on grapes, as symptoms were reproduced, and also indicated significant variations in the virulence among C. vitis isolates. This work provides evidence that C. vitis is the main pathogen of grape white rot in China and also provides an optimized multigene backbone for resolving Coniella species.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Pestalotioid Fungi Causing Leaf Spots on Mango in Southern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Shu ◽  
Zhihe Yu ◽  
Wenxiu Sun ◽  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
Qili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Mango Leaves

Mango is an economically important fruit crop in southern China. However, leaf spots restrict the development of mango trees, reducing the yield and production. Pestalotioid fungi are one of the major agents causing leaf spots on mango. During 2016 and 2017, 21 isolates of pestalotioid fungi associated with leaf spots on mango leaves were collected from five provinces in southern China: Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Fujian. All 21 isolates were subjected to morphological characterization and DNA sequence analysis. The morphological data were combined with analyses of concatenated sequences of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), TEF 1-α (translation elongation factor), and TUB2 (β-tubulin) for higher resolution of the species identity of these isolates. The results showed that these isolates belong to Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, Pestalotiopsis adusta, P. anacardiacearum, P. asiatica, P. photinicola, P. saprophyta, P. trachicarpicola, and Pseudopestalotiopsis ampullacea. Pathogenicity test results showed that all these species could cause symptoms. On detached mango leaves (cv. Tainong), early foliar symptoms on leaves were small yellow-to-brown lesions. Later, these spots expanded with uneven borders, turned white to gray, and coalesced to form larger gray patches. To our knowledge, this is the first description of N. clavispora, P. adusta, P. asiatica, P. photinicola, P. saprophyta, P. trachicarpicola, or Ps. ampullacea as causal agents for leaf spots on mango worldwide.

scholarly journals First occurrence of Nigrospora lacticolonia Mei Wang & L. Cai (Xylariales, Ascomycota) in the Neotropical Region

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248
Author(s):  
Deyse Viana dos Santos ◽  
Rejane Maria Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Paula Aguilera ◽  
Gladstone Alves da Silva ◽  
José Luiz Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

During a study on fungal endophyte diversity, Nigrospora lacticolonia Mei Wang & L. Cai was isolated from healthy leaves of Guarea macrophylla, a shade tree in the Cocoa agroecosystem (cabruca) in Brazil. We confirmed the identity of the specimens using morphological data and a phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) sequences). The specimen presented black globose or slightly ellipsoidal conidia, and the conidiophores were reduced to conidiogenous cells. This is the first report of N. lacticolonia in the Neotropical Region.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and species delimitation of Strobilomyces (Boletaceae), with an emphasis on the Asian species

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-139
Author(s):  
L.H. Han ◽  
G. Wu ◽  
E. Horak ◽  
R.E. Halling ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Genealogical Concordance

Strobilomyces is broadly distributed geographically and serves an important ecological function. However, it has been difficult to delimit species within the genus, primarily due to developmental variations and phenotypic plasticity. To elucidate phylogenetic relationships among species within the genus and to understand its species diversity, especially in Asia, materials of the genus collected from five continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North/Central America) were investigated. The phylogeny of Strobilomyces was reconstructed based on nucleotide sequences of four genes coding for: the largest and the second largest subunits of the RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2); the translation elongation factor subunit 1-α (TEF1); and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (COX3). The combined results based on molecular phylogenetics, morphological characters, host tree associations, and geographical distribution patterns support a new classification consisting of two sections, sect. Strobilomyces and sect. Echinati. Using the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) approach, at least 33 phylogenetic species in Asia can be delimited, all of which are supported by morphological features, and five phylogenetic species remain to be described. The mountainous region of Southwest China is especially special, containing at least 21 species and likely represents a centre of diversification. We further compared our specimens with the type specimens of 25 species of Strobilomyces. Our comparisons suggest that, there are a total of 31 distinct species, while S. sanmingensis, S. verruculosus, S. subnigricans, and S. zangii/S. areolatus, are synonyms of S. mirandus, S. giganteus, S. alpinus and S. seminudus, respectively. Eight new species, namely, S. albidus, S. anthracinus, S. calidus, S. cingulatus, S. densisquamosus, S. douformis, S. microreticulatus and S. pinophilus, are described. A dichotomous key to the Asian Strobilomyces species is provided.

Combined multi-gene backbone tree for the genus Coniochaeta with two new species from Uzbekistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILAN C. SAMARAKOON ◽  
YUSUFJON GAFFOROV ◽  
NINGGUO LIU ◽  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
JAYARAMA D. BHAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Backbone Tree

The genus Coniochaeta is an important ascomycete because its members live in diversified habitats and nutritional modes. In this study, two new species, C. acaciae and C. coluteae, are introduced from dead branches of Acacia sp. and Colutea paulsenii Freyn (both Fabaceae) respectively from Uzbekistan, based on morphological and phylogenetic studies. Analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data with Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and comparison of similar taxa, provide evidences for placement of these new species in Coniochaeta, as distinct lineages.

Amanita griseofusca: A new species of Amanita in section Vaginatae from Malam Jabba, Swat, Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 364 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUNAZZA KIRAN ◽  
JUNAID KHAN ◽  
HASSAN SHER ◽  
DONALD H. PFISTER ◽  
ABDUL NASIR KHALID
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Pileus Surface ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Partial Translation

A new species, Amanita griseofusca in section Vaginatae is described and illustrated here from Pakistan. Distinguishing characters of the new species include medium-sized basidiomata, greyish brown pileus surface with white to beige, membranous volval remnants present as one (large) to a few (small) warts, close lamellae which are cream colored with a pink tone, striations one third of the total pileus radius, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal basidiospores and white loose saccate volva turning beige at maturity. Molecular data inferred from partial nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial nuc rDNA larger subunit region (LSU) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) confirms the novelty of the present taxon.

scholarly journals First report of Gibellulopsis nigrescens on peppermint in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Alisaac ◽  
Monika Götz
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

AbstractPeppermint is an important medicinal plant, and it is known for its essential oils and phenolic acids. Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease resulted from several Verticillium spp. causing significant economic losses in peppermint cultivation. In this study, the fungus Gibellulopsis nigrescens (syn. Verticillium nigrescens) was isolated from symptomless peppermint plants during the regular control of Verticillium wilt on peppermint in Germany. A pure fungal culture was prepared, and fungal DNA was extracted. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) were amplified, sequenced, and deposited in the GenBank. These sequences are located within the Gibellulopsis nigrescens cluster. Koch’s postulate was fulfilled, and the fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated plants. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report of Gibellulopsis nigrescens on peppermint in Germany.

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