Barite Nucleation and Inhibition at 0 to 200°C With and Without Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfang Fan ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Mason B. Tomson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

Summary In this study, we modified the commonly employed dynamic-tube-blocking methodology and built an apparatus to study the nucleation kinetics of barite-scale formation at high temperatures in the presence and absence of scale inhibitors. Barite formation was detected by monitoring pressure change over a micrometer-sized in-line filter, and this has been proved to be an easy and accurate method to study mineral-scale-nucleation kinetics at high temperatures. Additionally, we investigated the nucleation kinetics of barite at 0–25°C with and without thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors. By using this modified dynamic-tube-blocking technique, we successfully measured the nucleation kinetics of barite in 1M NaCl solutions over a temperature range from 25 to 200°C and at various supersaturation conditions. We also evaluated the inhibition efficiency of barite precipitation at this high temperature range. On the basis of the experimental results, the relationship of precipitation kinetics of barite as a function of temperature and saturation index was established. The inhibition efficiency of the phosphonate inhibitor [bis-hexamethylenetriamine-penta (methylene phosphonic) acid (BHPMP)] on barite precipitation has been evaluated over the same range of conditions. The Ca2+ effect on the inhibition efficiency of BHPMP at a low temperature (4°C) and at high temperatures (175–200°C) was investigated also. Results of this study have been incorporated into the scale-prediction software ScaleSoftPitzer.

Systematic Study of Barite Nucleation and Inhibition With Various Polymeric Scale Inhibitors by Novel Laser Apparatus

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 642-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Fangfu Zhang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Ross C. Tomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Wide Wavelength Range ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

Summary This work reports a reliable and systematic study of barite-nucleation kinetics in the presence of scale inhibitors from 4 to 90°C and at various conditions. In this study, we designed and developed an apparatus to study the nucleation kinetics of barite-scale formation by monitoring the change of photocurrent created by a 5-mW, 635-nm red laser. The photodetector has a wide wavelength range in which sensitivity has a peak at 960 nm. A set of convex and concave lenses was used to control the beam diameter so that it can pass through more particles and increase the sensitivity. Temperature and mixing procedure were precisely controlled by an external waterbath and magnetic stirplate, respectively. The photocurrent output was constant when the laser is shining through a clear solution before scale formation. After scale occurred, laser was scattered by scale particles, which causes the decrease of photocurrent. One can expand this method to study nucleation kinetics of other scales such as carbonates, other sulfates, and sulfide scales. In addition, one can customize it to perform study under high temperature, high pressure, and anoxic conditions. With this newly developed “laser” method, we successfully measured the nucleation kinetics of barite in synthetic brine (1 M NaCl, 0.1 M CaCl2) under various combinations of reaction parameters including temperature (T), pH, saturation index (SI), and Ba2+/SO42− ratio (R). Furthermore, the inhibition efficiency of various scale inhibitors including sulfonated polycarboxylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonate, and inulin on barite precipitation was also investigated. On the basis of the experimental results, the relationship of precipitation kinetics of barite as a function of T, pH, SI, and R was established. Results of this study will be incorporated into scale-prediction software to predict the risk of scale formation and the efficiency of scale inhibitors.

scholarly journals The combustion of aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. II. The ignition of aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures

1939 ◽  
Vol 171 (946) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the first paper of this series (Burgoyne 1937) the kinetics of the isothermal oxidation above 400° C of several aromatic hydrocarbons was studied. The present communication extends this work to include the phenomena of ignition in the same temperature range, whilst the corresponding reactions below 400° C form the subject of further investigations now in progress. The hydrocarbons at present under consideration are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n -propylbenzene, o-, m - and p -xylenes and mesitylene.

scholarly journals Temperature Dependent Seed Germination of Dalbergia nigra Allem (Leguminosae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G. A. Ferraz-Grande ◽  
Massanori Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Broad Temperature Range ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Dalbergia Nigra ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of

The germination of endangered species Dalbergia nigra was studied and 30.5° C was found as optimum temperature, although the species presented a broad temperature range where germination occurs and light had no effect. The analysis of kinetics of seed germination confirmed the asynchronized germination below and above the optimum temperature. The light insensitive seed and germination also at high temperatures indicated that D. nigra could occur both in understories and gaps where the mean temperature was high.

KINETICS OF ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHATES BY SHORT-RANGE ORDERED PRECIPITATE OF ALUMINUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SHANG ◽  
P. M. HUANG ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates ◽  
Phosphate Groups

The kinetics of the adsorption of orthophosphate (Pi), inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), inositol monophosphate (IMP) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) by short-range ordered precipitate of Al were studied at the initial pH 4.50 and in the temperature range of 278–308 K. This information is essential for understanding the rate and energy relationship of the adsorption of phosphates by short-range ordered Al precipitate. The amounts of Pi and IHP adsorbed by the Al precipitate were much higher than those of IMP and G6P adsorbed in the temperature range and reaction periods studied. The adsorption can be divided into two stages, a fast adsorption before 1 h and a slow adsorption between 1 and 24 h. The adsorption at both stages obeyed the first-order kinetics. Among all the phosphates studied, the adsorption of Pi proceeded most rapidly. The rate constants for the adsorption of IHP were much greater than those of G6P and IMP at the same temperature; this was attributed to the functionality of multiple phosphate groups of IHP. The Arrhenius activation energies for the adsorption of Pi, IHP, IMP and G6P, which were estimated from the slow reaction, were 48 ± 2, 89 ± 4, 100 ± 8 and 108 ± 10 KJ/mol P adsorbed, respectively. Key words: Organic phosphate, precipitate of aluminum, adsorption, rate constant, Arrhenius activation energy

Study on the Kinetics of Phosphor-Gypsum Pyrolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1477-1483
Author(s):  
Ming Kai Zhou ◽  
Guo Liang Ying ◽  
Bei Xing Li ◽  
Tian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper, an Infrared Sulfur Analyzer is set to measure the desulphurization degree during thermal decomposition of phosphor-gypsum, which provides a much quick, convenient, continuous and accurate method. It might be considered as an effective way to study kinetics of phosphor-gypsum (or phosphogypsum) thermal decomposition (or pyrolysis). With the help of this method, the desulphurization degree and desulphurization rate of broadly constituted phosphor-gypsum samples in the temperature range of 1250-1400°C were studied. The experimental results show that the desulphurization degree increase with the rising of temperature in the range of 1250-1300°C quickly, however, this increase is not obvious when the temperature is above 1300°C. Besides, the corresponding regression equations are obtained. The decomposition degree of phosphor-gypsum could be judged according to the regression equations mentioned above.

Systematic Study of Barite Nucleation and Inhibition with Various Polymeric Scale Inhibitors by Novel Laser Apparatus

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Fangfu Zhang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Mason B. Tomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Concave Lens ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Photo Current

Abstract This work reports a reliable and systematic study of barite nucleation kinetics in the presence of scale inhibitors from 4 °C to 90 °C and at various conditions. In this study, we designed and developed an apparatus to study the nucleation kinetics of barite scale formation by monitoring the change of photo-current created by 5 mW, 635 nm red laser. The photo-detector has a wide wavelength range where sensitivity has a peak at 960 nm. A set of convex and concave lens were used to control the beam diameter so that it can pass through more particles and increase the sensitivity. Temperature and mixing procedure was precisely controlled by an external water bath and magnetic stirplate respectively. The photo-current output was constant when the laser is shining through a clear solution prior to scale formation. Once scale occurred, laser was scattered by scale particles which causes the decrease of photo-current. This method can be expanded to study nucleation kinetics of other scales such as carbonates, other sulfates, and sulfide scales. In addition, it can be customized to perform study under high temperature, high pressure and anoxic conditions. By using this newly developed “laser” method, we successfully measured the nucleation kinetics of barite in synthetic brine (1M NaCl, 0.1 M CaCl2) under various combination of reaction parameters including temperature (T), pH, saturation index (SI), and Ba2+ to SO42- ratio (R). Furthermore, the inhibition efficiency of various scale inhibitors including sulphonated polycarboxylic acid, polyvinyl sulphonate and inulin on barite precipitation has also been investigated. Based on the experimental results, the relationship of precipitation kinetics of barite as a function of T, pH, SI and R was established. Results of this study will be incorporated into the scale prediction software to predict the risk of scale formation and the efficiency of scale inhibitors.

Quantitative Evaluation of Calcium Sulfate Precipitation Kinetics in the Presence and Absence of Scale Inhibitors

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 977-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfang Fan ◽  
Amy T Kan ◽  
Gongmin Fu ◽  
Mason B Tomson ◽  
Dong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Precipitation Kinetics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Kinetics Of

Summary In this study, the nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfate scale formation in the presence and absence of scale inhibitors has been studied. The nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfates in 0–3.2 M NaCl solution was measured from 0 to 200°C at various supersaturation conditions [saturation index (SI) = 0–1.3]. The phase behavior of these various calcium sulfate phases was monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The inhibition study was performed by evaluating the inhibition efficiency of calcium sulfate precipitation at the same supersaturation and temperature ranges as those of the nucleation study. Several polyphosphonate, polymeric, and environmentally friendly inhibitors were found to be effective inhibitors. The study has shown that calcium sulfate scales are very difficult to inhibit at SI > 1. Calcium sulfate scale is inhibited most effectively by hexamethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (HDTMP) if the saturation index is less than approximately 1.0. In addition, a semiquantitative model to predict precipitation kinetics of calcium sulfate as a function of temperature, pH, SI, and HDTMP concentration is established with experimental results from this study. The effect of methanol and methylene glycol (MEG) on calcium sulfate precipitation kinetics and inhibition is also presented.

scholarly journals Reduction Mechanism of Fine Hematite Ore Particles in Suspension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Christiaan Zeilstra ◽  
Jan van der Stel ◽  
Jilt Sietsma ◽  
Yongxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Surface Nucleation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn order to understand the pre-reduction behaviour of fine hematite particles in the HIsarna process, change of morphology, phase and crystallography during the reduction were investigated in the high temperature drop tube furnace. Polycrystalline magnetite shell formed within 200 ms during the reduction. The grain size of the magnetite is in the order of magnitude of 10 µm. Lath magnetite was observed in the partly reduced samples. The grain boundary of magnetite was reduced to molten FeO firstly, and then the particle turned to be a droplet. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the reduction process. Both bulk and surface nucleation occurred during the reduction, which leads to the effect of size on the reduction rate in the nucleation and growth process. As a result, the reduction rate constant of hematite particles increases with the increasing particle size until 85 µm. It then decreases with a reciprocal relationship of the particle size above 85 µm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document