Digital Slickline: Case Studies Highlighting Impact of Real-Time Slickline and Efficiency Improvements Compared to Traditional Slickline & E-Line Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Heaney ◽  
Mikhail Mayorov ◽  
John Savage
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
The One ◽  
Gas Lift ◽  
Adequate Sample Size ◽  
Repair Phase

Abstract Digital Slickline (DSL) using radio frequency (RF) communications has been deployed in the field since late 2016 and has completed more than 600 jobs, and 2000 runs globally. Several papers have been published outlining how DSL has been deployed for eline replacement services such as perforating, explosive and non-explosive plug setting, production logging, and various other services. What has been less discussed are the efficiencies with surface readout (SRO) downhole data during typical slickline (SL) interventions where jarring is the prominent feature. RF DSL was introduced to the market in late 2016, and since this time, the split between SL and eline replacement services has been relatively consistent at 60/40. The separation isn't unreasonable as most interventions start as SL to prepare the well, move to a diagnostic or well repair phase, and close-out with SL to bring the well back onto production. Case histories presented will outline how SRO in-situ data give operations confidence tasks were completed as planned on gas lift change-outs and non-typical functions like a smart hole finder for leak detection. Today, we have an adequate sample size to validate the efficiency improvements deploying RF DSL compared to the traditional SL/eline intervention model. The one rig up setup off a small footprint slickline unit has proven to save multiple hours depending on the intervention complexity, and the number of eline rig up & rig down sequences eliminated. As the technology gains acceptance, the tool portfolio has continuously expanded, and we have started to leverage opportunities on traditional slickline services to minimize deferred production. Efficiency savings are well documented, but the paper will also detail the polymer-coated cable performance, with focus on breaking strength, corrosive parameters, wellbore fluid compatibility and new critical performance indicators completed before each job. We will close out by summarizing some of the newer technologies that will continue the improved efficiency theme.

scholarly journals Assessing historic water extents in rapidly changing lakes: a hybrid remote sensing classification approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Mullen ◽  
Marc F. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Remote Sensing Classification ◽  
Inundation Frequency ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Hydrologic Change ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract. The empirical attribution of rapid hydrologic change presents a unique data availability challenge in terms of establishing baseline prior conditions. On the one hand, one cannot go back in time to collect the necessary in situ data if it were not serendipitously collected when the change was taking place. On the other hand, modern satellite monitoring missions are often too recent to capture changes that are ancient enough to provide sufficient observations for adequate statistical inference. In that context, the four decades of continuous global high resolution monitoring enabled by the Landsat missions are an unrivaled source of information to study hydrologic change globally. However, extracting the relevant time series information in a systematic way across Landsat missions remains a monumental challenge. Cloud masking and inconsistent image quality often complicate the automatized interpretation of optical imagery. Focusing on the monitoring of lake water extents, we address this challenge by coupling supervised and unsupervised image classification techniques. Unsupervised classification is first used to detect water on unmasked (cloudless and high quality) pixels. Classification results are then compiled across images to estimate the inundation frequency of each pixel, hinging on the assumption that different pixels will be masked at different times. Inundation frequency is then leveraged to infer the inundation status of masked pixels on individual images through supervised classification. Applied to a representative set of global and rapidly changing lakes, the approach successfully captured water extent fluctuations obtained from in situ gauges (when applicable), or from other Landsat missions during overlapping time periods.

scholarly journals A CitSci Approach for Rapid Earthquake Intensity Mapping: A Case Study from Istanbul (Turkey)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Yalcin ◽  
Sultan Kocaman ◽  
Candan Gokceoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile App ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Intensity Mapping ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Intensity Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time

Nowadays several scientific disciplines utilize Citizen Science (CitSci) as a research approach. Natural hazard research and disaster management also benefit from CitSci since people can provide geodata and the relevant attributes using their mobile devices easily and rapidly during or after an event. An earthquake, depending on its intensity, is among the highly destructive natural hazards. Coordination efforts after a severe earthquake event are vital to minimize its harmful effects and timely in-situ data are crucial for this purpose. The aim of this study is to perform a CitSci pilot study to demonstrate the usability of data obtained by volunteers (citizens) for creating earthquake iso-intensity maps in a short time. The data were collected after a 5.8 Mw Istanbul earthquake which occurred on 26 September 2019. Through the mobile app “I felt the quake”, citizen observations regarding the earthquake intensity were collected from various locations. The intensity values in the app represent a revised form of the Mercalli intensity scale. The iso-intensity map was generated using a spatial kriging algorithm and compared with the one produced by The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), Turkey, empirically. The results show that collecting the intensity information via trained users is a plausible method for producing such maps.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

scholarly journals NIR responsive tumor vaccine in situ for photothermal ablation and chemotherapy to trigger robust antitumor immune responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Lixia Xu ◽  
Zijian Zhuang ◽  
Jingjin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Vaccine ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Photothermal Ablation ◽  
Prolonged Retention ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Therapeutic tumor vaccine (TTV) that induces tumor-specific immunity has enormous potentials in tumor treatment, but high heterogeneity and poor immunogenicity of tumor seriously impair its clinical efficacy. Herein, a novel NIR responsive tumor vaccine in situ (HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG) was prepared by integrating hyaluronic acid functionalized polydopamine nanoparticles (HA-PDA NPs) with immune adjuvants (Imiquimod, IQ) and doxorubicin (DOX) into thermal-sensitive hydrogel. Results HA-PDA@IQ NPs with high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.2%) and T1-relaxation efficiency were using HA as stabilizer by the one-pot oxidative polymerization. Then, HA-PDA@IQ loaded DOX via π-π stacking and mixed with thermal-sensitive hydrogel to form the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG. The hydrogel-confined delivery mode endowed HA-PDA@IQ/DOX NPs with multiple photothermal ablation performance once injection upon NIR irradiation due to the prolonged retention in tumor site. More importantly, this mode enabled HA-PDA@IQ/DOX NPs to promote the DC maturation, memory T cells in lymphatic node as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes in spleen. Conclusion Taken together, the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG could be served as a theranostic tumor vaccine for complete photothermal ablation to trigger robust antitumor immune responses.

scholarly journals Critical Dynamics of Defects and Mechanisms of Damage-Failure Transitions in Fatigue

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Oleg Naimark ◽  
Vladimir Oborin ◽  
Mikhail Bannikov ◽  
Dmitry Ledon
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Preliminary Deformation ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Fish Eye ◽  
Very High

An experimental methodology was developed for estimating a very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) life of the aluminum alloy AMG-6 subjected to preliminary deformation. The analysis of fatigue damage staging is based on the measurement of elastic modulus decrement according to “in situ” data of nonlinear dynamics of free-end specimen vibrations at the VHCF test. The correlation of fatigue damage staging and fracture surface morphology was studied to establish the scaling properties and kinetic equations for damage localization, “fish-eye” nucleation, and transition to the Paris crack kinetics. These equations, based on empirical parameters related to the structure of the material, allows us to estimate the number of cycles for the nucleation and advance of fatigue crack.

scholarly journals Measuring and inferring the ice thickness distribution of four glaciers in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lander Van Tricht ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Jonas Van Breedam ◽  
Johannes J. Fürst ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains

Abstract Glaciers in the Tien Shan mountains contribute considerably to the fresh water used for irrigation, households and energy supply in the dry lowland areas of Kyrgyzstan and its neighbouring countries. To date, reconstructions of the current ice volume and ice thickness distribution remain scarce, and accurate data are largely lacking at the local scale. Here, we present a detailed ice thickness distribution of Ashu-Tor, Bordu, Golubin and Kara-Batkak glaciers derived from radio-echo sounding measurements and modelling. All the ice thickness measurements are used to calibrate three individual models to estimate the ice thickness in inaccessible areas. A cross-validation between modelled and measured ice thickness for a subset of the data is performed to attribute a weight to every model and to assemble a final composite ice thickness distribution for every glacier. Results reveal the thickest ice on Ashu-Tor glacier with values up to 201 ± 12 m. The ice thickness measurements and distributions are also compared with estimates composed without the use of in situ data. These estimates approach the total ice volume well, but local ice thicknesses vary substantially.

Measuring Performance and Shaping Identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jones
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Victim Satisfaction ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The One

Abstract Amid pressure to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC), work has progressed on the development of a set of performance indicators for the ICC. This article argues that performance indicators play into tensions that underpin the international criminal justice process at the ICC, in particular between expeditiousness, on the one hand, and fairness and victim satisfaction, on the other. It argues that while the ICC’s performance indicators extend assessment of the ICC beyond the speedy completion of cases and embrace goals of fairness and victim access to justice, they inevitably support the former to the detriment of the latter, with implications for the Court’s identity. While acknowledging the benefits of performance indicators for the ICC, the article outlines several measures to counter the risks that they pose for the balance between these goals.

scholarly journals Evaluating model parameterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and absorption with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 9435-9455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Alvarado ◽  
Chantelle R. Lonsdale ◽  
Helen L. Macintyre ◽  
Huisheng Bian ◽  
Mian Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Submicron Aerosol ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Aerosol Scattering ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution are used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10–23 %, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding a variable size distribution, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction throughout the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing rule in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for modeling the time-varying mixing states of aerosols in future versions of ASP.

scholarly journals Two Separate Cases: Complex Chromosomal Abnormality Involving Three Chromosomes and Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in Patients with Impaired Reproductive Function

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Karamysheva ◽  
Tatyana A. Gayner ◽  
Vladimir V. Muzyka ◽  
Konstantin E. Orishchenko ◽  
Nikolay B. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome ◽  
Comprehensive Chromosome Screening ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multicolor Banding ◽  
The One

For medical genetic counseling, estimating the chance of a child being born with chromosome abnormality is crucially important. Cytogenetic diagnostics of parents with a balanced karyotype are a special case. Such chromosome rearrangements cannot be detected with comprehensive chromosome screening. In the current paper, we consider chromosome diagnostics in two cases of chromosome rearrangement in patients with balanced karyotype and provide the results of a detailed analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving three chromosomes and a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in a patient with impaired reproductive function. The application of fluorescent in situ hybridization, microdissection, and multicolor banding allows for describing analyzed karyotypes in detail. In the case of a CCR, such as the one described here, the probability of gamete formation with a karyotype, showing a balance of chromosome regions, is extremely low. Recommendation for the family in genetic counseling should take into account the obtained result. In the case of an sSMC, it is critically important to identify the original chromosome from which the sSMC has been derived, even if the euchromatin material is absent. Finally, we present our view on the optimal strategy of identifying and describing sSMCs, namely the production of a microdissectional DNA probe from the sSMC combined with a consequent reverse painting.

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