Paradigm Shift in Drilling to Completion in Unconventional Reservoir, Eastern Onshore, India

Abstract Permo-Triassic formations in Mandapetta field from eastern onshore, India possesses historical drilling challenges in terms of wellbore instability, non-productive time and poor hole condition in deep higher stressed formations. Lack of acquiring reliable log data and problems in recovering good quality cores present difficulties in proper formation evaluation and zone selection for testing. Historical well test results in target K-Formation has been not encouraging despite good gas shows during drilling. Estimated formation pressure gradient ranges 1.45sg-1.52sg. Layered shale with coal and tight sandstone in same open hole section pose risks of mud losses and poor cement job. Present study highlights the workflow adopted to improve drilling and completion in open hole section of more than 1000 m with varying lithology being drilled successfully. Advanced 3D anisotropic acoustic measurements acquired are used to estimate anisotropic elastic properties (vertical and horizontal Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) in the overlying shales. Horizontal tectonics has been determined across stress induced anisotropic layers. This approach provides better understanding of formations and stress distribution. Thomsen Gamma values range 0.1 to 0.4 in shale layers of overburden formations. In order to minimize uncertainty in 8.5inch section while drilling, advanced logs were acquired in 12.25inch hole section to estimate tectonics at well location while constraining ratio of horizontal to vertical Young's modulus and Poisson Ratio in shale layers based on Thomsen Gamma and clay volume. Analysis suggested typical VTI anisotropy of 15%-20% in shale layers. Inverted direct horizontal strain parameters at well location suggested the ratio of maximum to minimum horizontal stress to vary 1.15-1.23. Mud weight used while drilling 8.5inch section ranged 1.49sg1.52sg against the recommended mud weight of 1.50sg-1.52sg while pumping sealing agents to prevent mud losses in coal layers. Flow rate was maintained on lower values to minimize ECD values. Hole condition improved significantly with no issues in logging. Post-drill anisotropic rock mechanics model suggested good quality sandstone in target source formation with usual conventional reservoir in shallower formation. Zone was selected based on permeability, breakdown and completion quality for perforations. Analysis of high-quality sonic slowness helped to identify possible gas reservoir in laminated source rock. There was stress contrast of 2000psi-2500psi among reservoir layers and shale stress barriers. Implemented workflow and successful execution helped to drill the well 5 days earlier than plan with no major drilling incidents. Successful core recovery for Shale Gas evaluation was also possible due to better wellbore quality. Initial testing of K-Formation produced gas with significant improved flow rate by 150% without any stimulation for the 1st time in the history of the field.

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Elastic constants of inflated lobes of dog lungs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1976.40.4.508 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 508-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

S. J. Lai-Fook ◽

T. A. Wilson ◽

R. E. Hyatt ◽

J. R. Rodarte

Keyword(s):

Bulk Modulus ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Elastic Constants ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poisson Ratio ◽

Inflation Pressure ◽

Initial State ◽

Volume Curve ◽

Pressure Volume Curve ◽

Indentation Tests

The elastic constants of dog lungs were determined at various degrees of inflation. In one set of experiments, the lobes were subjected to deformations that approximated the conditions of uniaxial loading. These data, together with the bulk modulus data obtained from the local slope of the pressure-volume curve, were used to determine the two elastic moduli that are needed to describe small nonuniform deformations about an initial state of uniform inflation. The bulk modulus was approximately 4 times the inflation pressure, and Young's modulus was approximately 1.5 times the inflation pressure. In a second set of experiments, lobes were subjected to indentation tests using cylindric punches 1–3 cm in diameter. The value for Young's modulus obtained from these data was slightly higher, approximately twice the inflation pressure. These experiments indicate that the lung is much more easily deformable in shear than in dilatation and that the Poisson ratio for the lung is high, approximately 0.43.

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Simultaneously determining Young's modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, Poisson ratio and thickness of thin films on silicon wafer

2004 Proceedings. 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37546) ◽

10.1109/ectc.2004.1319444 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Wu ◽

A.J.D. Yang ◽

Ching-An Sha

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Thermal Expansion ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Silicon Wafer ◽

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poisson Ratio

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Determination of Young's Modulus and Poisson Ratio of Lump Ores

Tetsu-to-Hagane ◽

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.69.7_739 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 739-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Minoru ASADA ◽

Yasuo OMORI

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poisson Ratio

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Determination of Mechanical Properties of Thin Film on Silicon Wafer

Electronic and Photonic Packaging, Electrical Systems and Photonic Design, and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1115/imece2003-55479 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Enboa Wu ◽

Albert J. D. Yang ◽

Ching-An Shao ◽

C. S. Yen

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Expansion ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Silicon Wafer ◽

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poisson Ratio ◽

Bulk State

Nondestructive determination of Young’s modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, Poisson ratio, and thickness of a thin film has long been a difficult but important issue as the film of micrometer order thick might behave differently from that in the bulk state. In this paper, we have successfully demonstrated the capability of determining all these four parameters at one time. This novel method includes use of the digital phase-shifting reflection moire´ (DPRM) technique to record the slope of wafer warpage under temperature drop condition. In the experiment, 1-um thick aluminum was sputtered on a 6-in silicon wafer. The convolution relationship between the measured data and the mechanical properties was constructed numerically using the conventional 3D finite element code. The genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted as the searching tool for search of the optimal mechanical properties of the film. It was found that the determined data for Young’s modulus (E), Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), Poisson ratio (ν), and thickness (h) of the 1.00 um thick aluminum film were 104.2Gpa, 38.0 ppm/°C, 0.38, and 0.98 um, respectively, whereas that in the bulk state were measured to be E=71.4 Gpa, CTE=23.0 ppm/°C, and ν=0.34. The significantly larger values on the Young’s modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion determined by this method might be attributed to the smaller dislocation density due to the thin dimension and formation of the 5-nm layer of Al2O3 formed on top of the 1-um thick sputtered film. The Young’s Modulus and the Poisson ratio of this nano-scale Al2O3 film were then determined. Their values are consistent with the physical intuition of the microstructure.

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Fabricating high mechanical strength γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles filled poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber using electrospinning process potentially for tissue engineering scaffold

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/0883911516681328 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 411-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman ◽

Noordin Mohd Yusof ◽

Ani Idris ◽

Denni Kurniawan ◽

Ehsan Fallahiarezoudar

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Rotating Speed

The use of electrospinning has gained substantial interest in the development of tissue engineering scaffolds due to its ability to produce nanoscale fibers which can mimic the geometry of extracellular tissues. Besides geometry, mechanical property is one of the main elements to be considered when developing tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the electrospinning process parameter settings were varied in order to find the optimum setting which can produce electrospun nanofibrous mats with good mechanical properties. Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) and then electrospun to form nanofibers. The five input variable factors involved were nanoparticles content, voltage, flow rate, spinning distance, and rotating speed, while the response variable considered was Young’s modulus. The performance of electrospinning process was systematically screened and optimized using response surface methodology. This work truly demonstrated the sequential nature of designed experimentation. Additionally, the application of various designs of experiment techniques and concepts was also demonstrated. Results revealed that electrospun nanofibrous mats with maximum Young’s modulus (273.51 MPa) was obtained at optimum input settings: 9 v/v% nanoparticle content, 35 kV voltage, 2 mL/h volume flow rate, 8 cm spinning distance, and 3539 r/min of rotating speed. The model was verified successfully by performing confirmation experiments. The nanofibers characterization demonstrated that the nanoparticles were well dispersed inside the nanofibers, and it also showed that the presence of defects on the nanofibers can decrease their mechanical strength. The biocompatibility performance was also evaluated and it was proven that the presence of γ-Fe2O3 enhanced the cell viability and cell growth rate. The developed poly(vinyl alcohol)/γ-Fe2O3 electrospun nanofiber mat has a good potential for tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Prediction of size effects in open-hole laminates using only the Young’s modulus, the strength, and the R-curve of the 0° ply

Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.04.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 306-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. Furtado ◽

A. Arteiro ◽

M.A. Bessa ◽

B.L. Wardle ◽

P.P. Camanho

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Size Effects ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Open Hole

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Prestack multiwave joint inversion for Young's modulus and Poisson ratio based on stochastic kriging interpolation

10.1190/segam2016-13781091.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Yu ◽

Hui Zhou ◽

Xiaofeng Zou ◽

Shaohuan Zu ◽

Ning Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poisson Ratio ◽

Joint Inversion ◽

Kriging Interpolation ◽

Stochastic Kriging

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On-chip pressure measurements and channel deformation after oil absorption

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-020-03288-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liam Hunter ◽

Julia Gala de Pablo ◽

Ashley C. Stammers ◽

Neil H. Thomson ◽

Stephen D. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Pressure Profile ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Microfluidic Channels ◽

Oil Absorption ◽

Channel Deformation ◽

Before And After ◽

On Chip

Abstract Microfluidic channels moulded from the soft polymer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are widely used as a platform for mimicking biological environments, and can be used for the simulation of fluid filled structures such as blood and lung vessels. The control of pressure and flow rate within these structures is vital to mimic physiological conditions. The flexibility of PDMS leads to pressure-induced deformation under flow, leading to variable flow profiles along a device. Here, we investigate the change in Young’s modulus of microfluidic channels due to infiltration of mineral oil, a PDMS permeable fluid, and how this affects the resulting pressure profile using a novel pressure measurement method. We found a 53% decrease in Young’s modulus of PDMS due to mineral oil absorption over the course of 3 h accounted for lower internal pressure and larger channel deformation compared to fresh PDMS at a given flow rate. Confocal fluorescence microscopy used to image channel profiles before and after the introduction of mineral oil showed a change in pressure-induced deformation after infiltration of the oil. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation was used to measure Young’s modulus of PDMS before ($$2.80 \pm 0.03$$ 2.80 ± 0.03 MPa) and after ($$1.32 \pm 0.04$$ 1.32 ± 0.04 MPa) mineral oil absorption. Raman spectroscopy showed the infiltration of mineral oil into PDMS from channel walls and revealed the diffusion coefficient of mineral oil in PDMS.

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Engineering-oriented “sweet spot” prediction for tight sandstone gas reservoirs: A case study from Sulige gas field in Western China

Interpretation ◽

10.1190/int-2019-0228.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. T813-T821

Author(s):

Hailiang Li ◽

Liping Zhang ◽

Jinyong Gui ◽

Hailong Wang ◽

Shengjun Li

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Western China ◽

Brittleness Index ◽

Petrophysical Properties ◽

Sweet Spot ◽

Gas Reservoirs ◽

Tight Sandstone ◽

Gas Field

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and permeability, deep burial, and low production of vertical wells, which are difficult to predict and exploit. Usually, finding a “sweet spot” requires finding zones with well-developed fractures or easy stimulation by hydraulic fracturing in the later stage. For some tight sandstone gas reservoirs where natural fractures are not developed, directional hydraulic fracturing is a good choice to improve single well production. However, not all reservoirs can achieve the desired productivity after hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In the exploration of the Sulige (SLG) gas field in Western China, sweet spots with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties can ensure the success of hydraulic fracturing. We have evaluated the SLG gas field to determine how to implement an engineering-oriented sweet spot prediction workflow. The method has five steps: data-quality analysis, lithology prediction, brittleness prediction, petrophysical property prediction, and well planning. We evaluated the feasibility of subsequent sensitive elastic parameter inversion by comparing the accrual and simulated seismic gathers. Then, we used a direct inversion method of Young’s modulus to predict lithology and identify fluid at the same time. Next, we constructed a new brittleness index by combining the rate of change of Young’s modulus and the quartz content to evaluate the brittleness of rocks, which can overcome the shortage of the conventional brittleness index constructed by a single parameter. Finally, by using the brittleness index, we combined the petrophysical properties inversion results to select regions with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties as the basis of well planning. This workflow achieved remarkable results in the exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the SLG gas field in Western China.

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