Successful Appraisal Cum Development of Shallow and Poorer Quality Gas Reservoir in Mature Field at Minimal Cost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdulhadi ◽  
Evelyn Ling ◽  
Ahmad Uzair Zubbir ◽  
Hani Mohd Said ◽  
Rohani Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Casing Pressure ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The Cement Packer approach has been successfully implemented in ExxonMobil Exploration & Production Malaysia Inc. (EMEPMI) to further develop minor gas reservoirs. The reservoir of interest is of relatively poor quality and has not been tested, thus making conventional development potentially not cost effective. Several viable approaches were identified and assessed to appraise and develop the reservoir. The cement packer method, which requires relatively minimal investment was then selected as being the most suitable in pursuing these behind casing opportunities. Group 1 sands in Field A are the shallowest hydrocarbon reservoirs which are relatively thin and have low porosity and permeability. The existing completions are currently producing from deeper reservoirs, with the top packer located below the Group 1 sands. Developing the opportunities behind casing in these sands using the conventional pull tubing workover approach may be cost prohibitive. The cement packer approach, where the tubing was punched to create tubing-casing communication and cement was subsequently pumped through the tubing and into the casing, was identified as one of the potential cost effective solution. The hardened cement then acts as a barrier to satisfy operating guidelines. The reservoir was then additionally perforated, flow tested and successfully monetized. Prior to well entry, tubing and casing integrity tests were performed to confirm the integrity. This step is critical to ensure that cement will only flow into the casing where the tubing was punched. Once the cement is hardened, pressure test from the tubing and from the casing indicated the cement has effectively isolated both tubulars. Subsequent Cement Bond Log and Ultrasonic Imaging Tool also displayed nearly 120m of fair to good cement above the target perforation depth. These data served as basis and proof that the cement packer was solid and the reservoir was ready for additional perforation. Taking into account the relatively poor reservoir quality, it was decided to perforate the reservoir twice with the biggest gun available to increase the probability of maximum reservoir contact while minimizing skin. Post perforation, a sharp increase in the tubing pressure was observed, indicating pressure influx from the reservoir. The casing pressure however, remained low, confirming no tubing-casing communication and thus the success of the cement packer. The well was later able to unload naturally from the high reservoir pressure. The work program also managed to confirm the producibility of the reservoirs. This successful approach has opened up potential application to similar stranded reservoirs behind casing.

Cost-Effective Development of Shallow and Poorer Quality Gas Reservoir in Mature Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdulhadi ◽  
Hani Mohd Said ◽  
Ahmad Uzair Zubbir ◽  
Evelyn Ling ◽  
Mohamed Azlin Mohd Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The Cement Packer approach has been successfully implemented to pursue and monetize minor gas reservoirs of poorer quality. Due to its critical role in power supply to meet the nation's needs, license to operate gas fields oftentimes come with contractual obligations to deliver a certain threshold of gas capacity. The cement packer method is a cheaper alternative to workovers that enables operators to build gas capacity by monetizing minor gas reservoirs at lower cost. Group 1 reservoirs are the shallowest hydrocarbon bearing sand with poorer reservoir quality and relatively thin reservoirs. The behind-casing-opportunities in Minor Group-1 reservoirs previously required a relatively costly pull-tubing rig workover to monetize the reservoir. Opportunities in two wells were optimized from pull –tubing rig workovers to a non-rig program by implementing Cement Packer applications. The tubing was punched to create tubing-casing communication and cement was subsequently pumped through the tubing and into the casing. The hardened cement then acted as a barrier to satisfy operating guidelines. The reservoir was then additionally perforated, flow tested and successfully monetized at a lower cost. Tubing and casing integrity tests prior to well entry demonstrated good tubing and casing integrity. This is critical to ensure that cement will only flow into the casing where the tubing was punched. Once the cement hardened, pressure test from the tubing and from the casing indicated that the cement has effectively isolated both tubulars. Subsequent Cement Bond Log and Ultrasonic Imaging Tool showed fair to good cement above the target perforation depth. These data supported the fact that the cement packer was solid and the reservoir was ready for additional perforation. Taking into account the reservoir quality, it was decided to perforate the reservoir twice with the biggest gun available to ensure the lowest skin possible. Post perforation, there was a sharp increase in the tubing pressure indicating pressure influx from the reservoir. Despite that, casing pressure remained low, confirming no communication and thus the success of the cement packer.The well was later able to unload naturally due to its high reservoir pressure, confirming the producibility of the reservoirs and unlocking similar opportunities in other wells. Additionally, the cement packer approach delivered tremendous cost savings between $6 – 8 mil per well. Besides confirming the reservoirs' producibility,the success also unlocked additional shallow gas behind casing opportunities in the area.This method will now be the first-choice option to monetize any hydrocarbon resources in reservoirs located above the top packer.

Multiphase Flow Meter Health Monitoring Strategy: Maximizing the Value of Real-Time Sensors and Automation for Industrial Revolution 4.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Kadem ◽  
Mohammad Gomaa ◽  
Karam Al Yateem ◽  
Abdulmonam Al Maghlouth
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The Cement Packer approach has been successfully implemented to pursue and monetize minor gas reservoirs of poorer quality. Due to its critical role in power supply to meet the nation's needs, license to operate gas fields oftentimes come with contractual obligations to deliver a certain threshold of gas capacity. The cement packer method is a cheaper alternative to workovers that enables operators to build gas capacity by monetizing minor gas reservoirs at lower cost. Group 1 reservoirs are the shallowest hydrocarbon bearing sand with poorer reservoir quality and relatively thin reservoirs. The behind-casing-opportunities in Minor Group-1 reservoirs previously required a relatively costly pull-tubing rig workover to monetize the reservoir. Opportunities in two wells were optimized from pull –tubing rig workovers to a non-rig program by implementing Cement Packer applications. The tubing was punched to create tubing-casing communication and cement was subsequently pumped through the tubing and into the casing. The hardened cement then acted as a barrier to satisfy operating guidelines. The reservoir was then additionally perforated, flow tested and successfully monetized at a lower cost. Tubing and casing integrity tests prior to well entry demonstrated good tubing and casing integrity. This is critical to ensure that cement will only flow into the casing where the tubing was punched. Once the cement hardened, pressure test from the tubing and from the casing indicated that the cement has effectively isolated both tubulars. Subsequent Cement Bond Log and Ultrasonic Imaging Tool showed fair to good cement above the target perforation depth. These data supported the fact that the cement packer was solid and the reservoir was ready for additional perforation. Taking into account the reservoir quality, it was decided to perforate the reservoir twice with the biggest gun available to ensure the lowest skin possible. Post perforation, there was a sharp increase in the tubing pressure indicating pressure influx from the reservoir. Despite that, casing pressure remained low, confirming no communication and thus the success of the cement packer.The well was later able to unload naturally due to its high reservoir pressure, confirming the producibility of the reservoirs and unlocking similar opportunities in other wells. Additionally, the cement packer approach delivered tremendous cost savings between $6 – 8 mil per well. Besides confirming the reservoirs' producibility,the success also unlocked additional shallow gas behind casing opportunities in the area.This method will now be the first-choice option to monetize any hydrocarbon resources in reservoirs located above the top packer.

scholarly journals Social influence on the effectiveness of virtual fencing in sheep

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10066
Author(s):  
Danila Marini ◽  
Tellisa Kearton ◽  
Jackie Ouzman ◽  
Rick Llewellyn ◽  
Sue Belson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
The North ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

Early virtual fencing trials have effectively contained small groups of sheep within set areas of a paddock when all animals were wearing manual electronic collars. With sheep farming commonly involving large flocks, a potential cost-effective application of virtual fencing would involve applying equipment to only a proportion of the flock. In this study, we tested the ability of virtual fencing to control a small flock of sheep with differing proportions of the group exposed to the virtual fence (VF). Thirty-six Merino sheep were identified as leaders, middle or followers by moving them through a laneway. The sheep were then allocated to groups balanced for order of movement. The groups (n = 9 per group) included applying the VF to the following proportions of animals within each group: (1) 100% (n = 9 VF) (2) 66% (n = 6 VF; n = 3 no VF) (3) 33% (n = 3 VF; n = 6 no VF) (4) 0% (no VF; free to roam the paddock). The groups were given access to their own paddock (80 × 20 m) for two consecutive days, six hours per day, with the VF groups prevented from entering an exclusion zone that covered 50% of the north side of the paddock. During these hours, VF interactions, behavioural time budgets, and body temperature were recorded as measures of stress, and location was tracked with GPS. Group 100% VF and Control were tested on the first two days and groups 33% VF and 66% VF were tested on the following two days. During VF implementation the 100% VF and 66% VF group were successfully prevented from entering the exclusion zone. Having only 33% of the flock exposed to the virtual fence was not successful, with the sheep pushing forward through the VF to join flock mates in the exclusion zone. For learning to respond to the audio cue, sheep in the 33% group received more electrical stimuli with a 0.51 proportion for the ratio of electrical stimuli to audio cue, compared to 0.22 and 0.28 for the 100% and 66% groups, respectively. There were small differences in behavioural patterns of standing and lying on both days of testing, with the 100% VF and 66% VF groups spending more time lying. Although stress-induced hyperthermia did not occur in any of the VF groups, body temperature differed in the 33% VF group. There were no differences in temperature measures between the control and 100% VF animals. This study demonstrates that for a short period, controlling two-thirds of the flock was equally as effective as virtually fencing all animals, while controlling one-third of a flock with a virtual fence was not effective. For the short term, it appears that implementing the VF to a proportion of the flock can be an effective method of containment. Due to the limitations of this study, these results warrant further testing with larger flocks and for longer periods.

scholarly journals Implementation of podiatry telephone appointments for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Palmer ◽  
H. J. Siddle ◽  
A. C. Redmond ◽  
B. Alcacer-Pitarch
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Initial Intervention

Abstract Background Foot health problems are common in the general population, and particularly so in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMD). Several clinical guidelines state that people with RMDs should have access to foot health services, although service capacity is often limited. The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for alternative ways to provide patient care. The aim of this clinical audit was to review a newly implemented telephone follow-up appointment service conducted within the Rheumatology Podiatry Department in Leeds, UK. Methods Fifty-eight patients attending the Rheumatology Podiatry Department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust were contacted by telephone approximately 6–8 weeks following initial intervention. During the telephone consultation, all patients were asked pre-defined questions relating to their symptoms, intervention efficacy, the need for further appointments and their preference for the type of consultation. To assess the cost of the telephone consultation the number of attempts needed in order to make successful contact, the duration of the call and the number of telephone follow-up appointments completed in a working day were also recorded. Results Twenty-five patients (43%) were successfully contacted within the 6–8 weeks stipulated time frame and were included in the analysis. Of the 25 contacted, twelve (48%) patients were successfully contacted on the first attempt. Ten (40%) were successfully contacted on the second attempt. The remaining three patients (12%) required 3 or more attempts to make successful contact. Telephone consultations were estimated not to last longer than 10 min, including notes screening and documentation. Eleven patients (44%) reported an improvement in their symptoms, thirteen (52%) reported no change and one patient (4%) reported their symptoms to be worse. Conclusion Telephone follow-up consultations may be a potentially cost-effective alternative to face-to-face appointments when implemented in a Rheumatology Podiatry Department, and provide an alternative way of providing care, especially when capacity for face-to-face contact is limited. The potential cost saving and efficiency benefits of this service are likely to be enhanced when telephone consultations are pre-arranged with patients.

Process Improvement of Brake Lever Production Using DMAIC (+)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Sahay ◽  
Suhash Ghosh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Bheemarthi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
The Cost

This work describes a strategy to reduce the cost associated with poor quality, by reducing the parts per million defects by Defining, Measuring, Analyzing, Implementing and Controlling (DMAIC) the production process. The method uses a combination of principles of Six Sigma applications, Lean Manufacturing and Shanin Strategy. The process has been used in analyzing the manufacturing lines of a brake lever at a Connecticut automotive components manufacturing company for reducing the cost associated with the production of nonconforming parts. The analysis was carried out with the help of the data collected on nonconformance parts and the application of phase change rules from DMAIC (+). Data analysis was carried out on statistical process control softwares, MINITAB and SPC XL 2000. Although, the problem of tight bushing existed on only one line of the brake lever assembly, this problem solving approach has solved the tight bushing problems on all assembly and alternates lines in a time- and cost-effective way.

scholarly journals Self-fill oxygen technology: benefits for patients, healthcare providers and the environment

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Murphie ◽  
Nick Hex ◽  
Jo Setters ◽  
Stuart Little
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
List Type ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Unlimited Supply ◽  
Technology Benefits

“Non-delivery” home oxygen technologies that allow self-filling of ambulatory oxygen cylinders are emerging. They can offer a relatively unlimited supply of ambulatory oxygen in suitably assessed people who require long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), providing they can use these systems safely and effectively. This allows users to be self-sufficient and facilitates longer periods of time away from home. The evolution and evidence base of this technology is reported with the experience of a national service review in Scotland (UK). Given that domiciliary oxygen services represent a significant cost to healthcare providers globally, these systems offer potential cost savings, are appealing to remote and rural regions due to the avoidance of cylinder delivery and have additional lower environmental impact due to reduced fossil fuel consumption and subsequently reduced carbon emissions. Evidence is emerging that self-fill/non-delivery oxygen systems can meet the ambulatory oxygen needs of many patients using LTOT and can have a positive impact on quality of life, increase time spent away from home and offer significant financial savings to healthcare providers.Educational aimsProvide update for oxygen prescribers on options for home oxygen provision.Provide update on the evidence base for available self-fill oxygen technologies.Provide and update for healthcare commissioners on the potential cost-effective and environmental benefits of increased utilisation of self-fill oxygen systems.

A virtual multi-disciplinary meeting is a cost-effective method of triaging referrals to a regional musculoskeletal oncology service

2021 ◽  
pp. 003693302110085
Author(s):  
Omer MHF Alanie ◽  
Ashish Mahendra ◽  
Mairi Mackinnon ◽  
Mark McCleery ◽  
Christopher Nicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Musculoskeletal Oncology ◽  
Prospective Database

Background and aims In 2010, a virtual sarcoma referral model was implemented, which aims to provide a centralised multidisciplinary team (MDT) to provide rapid advice, avoiding unnecessary appointments and providing a streamlined service. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of this screening tool in reducing the service burden and expediting patient journey. Methods and results All referrals made to a single tertiary referral sarcoma unit from January 2010 to December 2018 were extracted from a prospective database. Only 26.0% events discussed required review directly. 30.3% were discharged back to referrer. 16.5% required further investigations. 22.5% required a biopsy prior to review. There was a reduction in the rate of patients reviewed at the sarcoma clinic, and a higher discharge rate from the MDT in 2018 versus 2010 (p < 0.001). This gives a potential cost saving of 670,700 GBP over the 9 year period. Conclusion An MDT meeting which triages referrals is cost-effective at reducing unnecessary referrals. This can limit unnecessary exposure of patients who may have an underlying diagnosis of cancer to a high-risk environment, and reduces burden on services as it copes with increasing demands during the COVID-19 pandemic.

EP.TU.571Is the pen mightier than the scalpel? Improving the quality and efficiency of Major Trauma ward rounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethlinn Patton ◽  
Dapo Olaleye ◽  
Stella Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ward Round ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ward Rounds ◽  
Gathering Data

Abstract Aims Methods Data was collected retrospectively between October to December 2020. Patient paper notes were reviewed on three dates before and after implementation of the ward round sticker, gathering data from 26 and 27 patients respectively. Data was collected across a series of weeks to ensure a variety of clinicians present on ward round, in order to accurately reflect current practice. Results An improvement in rate of documentation was seen in 10 out of 12 key clinical variables. Some of the largest increases were seen in consideration of VTE status; 96.3% (n = 26) from 7.69% (n = 2), and recording oral intake; 85.2% (n = 23) from 23.1% (n = 6.) Conclusions We know that poor quality documentation is associated with increased rates of adverse events for patients,[1] so it is imperative to address both what is being covered, and how it is being recorded. Staff reported that the use of ward round stickers improved legibility of documentation and made it easier to locate important information. This simple, cost effective intervention has improved the consistency of daily reviews, and streamlined communication within the multidisciplinary team.

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