The Combined Effect of Near-Critical Relative Permeability and Non-Darcy Flow on Well Impairment by Condensate Drop Out

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (05) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia M.P. Blom ◽  
Jacques Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Capillary Number ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Darcy Flow ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Original Manuscript

This paper (SPE 51367) was revised for publication from paper SPE 39976, first presented at the 1998 SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, 15-18 March. Original manuscript received for review 19 March 1998. Revised manuscript received 8 July 1998. Paper peer approved 13 July 1998. Summary We present a comprehensive numerical method to calculate well impairment based on steady-state radial flow. The method incorporate near-critical relative permeability and saturation-dependent inertial resistance. Example calculations show that near-critical relative permeability, which depends on the capillary number, and non-Darcy flow are strongly coupled. Inertial resistance gives rise to a higher capillary number. In its turn, the improved mobility of the gas phase caused by a higher capillary number enhances the importance of the inertial resistance. The effect of non-Darcy flow is much more pronounced in gas condensate reservoirs than in dry gas reservoirs. Well impairment may be grossly overestimated if the dependence of relative permeability on the capillary number is ignored. P. 421

scholarly journals The correlation of the steady-state gas/water relative permeabilities of porous media with gas and water capillary numbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos D. Tsakiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Capillary Number ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water System ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Relative Permeabilities ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Wetting Fluid

The steady-state gas, k rg, and water, k rw, relative permeabilities are measured with experiments of the simultaneous flow, at varying flow rates, of nitrogen and brine (aqueous solution of NaCl brine) on a homogeneous sand column. Two differential pressure transducers are used to measure the pressure drop across each phase, and six ring electrodes are used to measure the electrical resistance across five segments of the sand column. The electrical resistances are converted to water saturations with the aid of the Archie equation for resistivity index. Both k rw and k rg are regarded as power functions of water, Caw, and gas, Cag, capillary numbers, the exponents of which are estimated with non-linear fitting to the experimental datasets. An analogous power law is used to express water saturation as a function of Caw, and Cag. In agreement to earlier studies, it seems that the two-phase flow regime is dominated by connected pathway flow and disconnected ganglia dynamics for the wetting fluid (brine), and only disconnected ganglia dynamics for the non-wetting fluid (gas). The water saturation is insensitive to changes of water and gas capillary numbers. Each relative permeability is affected by both water and gas capillary numbers, with the water relative permeability being a strong function of water capillary number and gas relative permeability depending strongly on the gas capillary number. The slope of the water relative permeability curve for a gas/water system is much higher than that of an oil/water system, and the slope of the gas relative permeability is lower than that of an oil/water system.

A new dynamic capillary-number-recovery evaluation method for tight gas reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 108730
Author(s):  
Fulei Zhao ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
Shengye Hao ◽  
Xinyu Qiu ◽  
Ce Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Number ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoirs

scholarly journals Bubble wall velocity at strong coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bigazzi ◽  
Alessio Caddeo ◽  
Tommaso Canneti ◽  
Aldo L. Cotrone
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Bubble Velocity ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
First Order ◽  
Black Hole Background ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Holographic Description ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Using the holographic correspondence as a tool, we determine the steady-state velocity of expanding vacuum bubbles nucleated within chiral finite temperature first-order phase transitions occurring in strongly coupled large N QCD-like models. We provide general formulae for the friction force exerted by the plasma on the bubbles and for the steady-state velocity. In the top-down holographic description, the phase transitions are related to changes in the embedding of $$ Dq\hbox{-} \overline{D}q $$ Dq ‐ D ¯ q flavor branes probing the black hole background sourced by a stack of N Dp-branes. We first consider the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto $$ D4\hbox{-} D8\hbox{-} \overline{D}8 $$ D 4 ‐ D 8 ‐ D ¯ 8 setup, compute the friction force and deduce the equilibrium velocity. Then we extend our analysis to more general setups and to different dimensions. Finally, we briefly compare our results, obtained within a fully non-perturbative framework, to other estimates of the bubble velocity in the literature.

Mitochondrial function in the presence of myoglobin

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Cole ◽  
P. C. Sukanek ◽  
J. B. Wittenberg ◽  
B. A. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
The Difference

The effect of myoglobin on oxygen consumption and ATP production by isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria was studied under steady-state conditions of oxygen supply. A method is presented for the determination of steady-state oxygen consumption in the presence of oxygen-binding proteins. Oxygen consumed in suspensions of mitochondria was replenished continuously by transfer from a flowing gas phase. Liquid-phase oxygen pressure was measured with an oxygen electrode; the gas-phase oxygen concentration was held constant at a series of fixed values. Oxygen consumption was determined from the characteristic response time of the system and the difference in the steady-state gas- and liquid-phase oxygen concentrations. ATP production was determined from the generation of glucose 6-phosphate in the presence of hexokinase. During steady-state mitochondrial oxygen consumption, the oxygen pressure in the liquid phase is enhanced when myoglobin is present. Functional myoglobin present in the solution had no effect on the relation of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production to liquid-phase oxygen pressure. Myoglobin functions in this system to enhance the flux of oxygen into the myoglobin-containing phase. Myoglobin may function in a similar fashion in muscle by increasing oxygen flux into myocytes.

Drawing of Tubes

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Durban
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Steady State Flow ◽  
Linear Hardening ◽  
Von Mises

The process of the tube drawing between two rough conical walls is analyzed within the framework of continuum plasticity. Material behavior is modeled as rigid/linear-hardening along with the von-Mises flow rule. Assuming a radial flow pattern and steady state flow conditions it becomes possible to obtain an exact solution for the stresses and velocity. Useful relations are derived for practical cases where the nonuniformity induced by wall friction is small. A few restrictions on the validity of the results are discussed.

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