scholarly journals Comparison of the Songs of Cassin’s and Plumbeous Vireos

Western Birds ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Edward R. Pandolfino ◽  
Chris Ray
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Made In

We compared the songs of Cassin’s (Vireo cassinii) and Plumbeous (V. plumbeus) Vireos to determine if there are characteristics that could allow one to confidently distinguish between these species by song. Using recordings made in the breeding season and within the undisputed breeding ranges of each species, away from the zone of contact, we compared five characteristics of a song: phrase length, rate of phrase delivery, proportion of frequency-modulated (buzzy) phrases, proportion of doubled phrases, and midpoint frequency between the highest and lowest frequencies of a phrase. Among these, the only character in which the species differed significantly was the average midpoint frequency of song phrases. Despite overlap between the species in the distribution of average midpoint frequency, a criterion of 3215 Hz allowed ~84% of the vireo songs in our sample to be identified correctly. We also tabulated expected proportions of true and false positive species identifications based on the full range of average midpoint frequencies likely to be encountered, finding that values >3410 Hz have a >95% probability of representing Cassin’s Vireo, and values <3050 have a >95% probability of representing the Plumbeous Vireo. Various field guides show conflicting breeding ranges for these species, and there are many field reports of both vireos outside their known breeding ranges in the breeding season. Given that visual identification of these birds in the field can be difficult when individuals are in faded spring/summer plumage, song may allow us to better define the actual limits of these species’ breeding ranges.

Surgeon, Media, Society, Patient

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-225
Author(s):  
Brett Lunceford
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Society ◽  
Ethical Failures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

For many, cosmetic surgery holds the promise that one can reshape his or her body to remove perceived defects and thus have a more perfect body. However, the decision to undergo elective cosmetic surgery is not made in a vacuum, and it is easy to overlook the full range of ethical considerations surrounding cosmetic surgery. Many medical ethicists subscribe to an ethical code that centers mainly on the relationship between the doctor and patient, with a focus on respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. This chapter builds on this framework by extending the scope of actors to include not only the surgeon and the patient but also the media and the overall society. To illustrate this framework, the author uses the example of actress Heidi Montag, who underwent 10 different plastic surgery procedures in one day. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential correctives for ethical failures in each of these areas.

scholarly journals Biometrics as a determinant of the origins of seabirds killed in oil spills and other incidents

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Barrett ◽  
Tycho Anker-Nilssen ◽  
Vidar Bakken ◽  
Hallvard Strøm ◽  
Yuri Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Systematic Variation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Brunnich’S Guillemot ◽  
Made In

AbstractCommon Guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich's Guillemots U. lomvia are common victims of oil spills, drowning in fishing nets and winter wrecks. Because the Norwegian population of Common Guillemots is classified as critically endangered and the Russian population of the Brünnich's Guillemot has declined greatly, it is important to be able to identify the origins of birds killed outside the breeding season. Measurements of birds made in nine colonies in the Barents and Norwegian Seas showed that although it is impossible to determine with reasonable accuracy the colony of origin from body measurements, the most likely sea of origin of Common Guillemots may be determined on the basis of wing and head + bill lengths, whereas there was no systematic variation in any measurement of Brünnich's Guillemots.

Is MRI suitable for conclusive work-up of suspicious findings in mammography and ultrasound?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Kevin Strobel ◽  
Simone Schrading ◽  
Christiane K. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Suspicious Lesions ◽  
Made In

3 Background: The current ACR practice guidelines discourage use of MRI for work-up of suspicious findings in mammography (Mx) and ultrasound (US). We investigated whether additional breast MRI assessment of suspicious Mx and U.S. findings could improve PPV and thus possibly help reduce the number of biopsies for false positive findings in Mx or U.S. Methods: Between 06/2010 and 04/2012, a total 2,754 patients underwent DCE breast MRI. Of these, 277 underwent MRI for further work-up of suspicious findings made in Mx (n=173, 57 patients with mass lesions, 33 with asymmetries, 12 with architectural distortions, and 71 with suspicious calcifications) or U.S. (n=104, 74 with masses, 30 with miscellaneous U.S. findings such as suspected intraductal pathology, focal acoustic shadowing or architectural distortions) . All lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 4 and 5 underwent biopsy, lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 1 or 2 did not proceed to biopsy, except for selected women with mammographic calcifications suggestive of DCIS. Lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 3 underwent additional short term follow-up by MRI, US and/or Mx. All women who did not undergo biopsy (MR-BIRADS 1-3) underwent long term follow-up for so far 12-24 months. Results: For suspicious lesions in mammography, MRI increased PPV from 19.3% (11/57) to 92.3% (12/13) for masses, from 3% (1/33) to 33.3% (1/3) for asymmetries, from 8.3% (1/12) to 25% (1/4) for architectural distortions and from 21.1% (15/71) to 62.5% (15/24) for calcifications. For suspicious lesions in ultrasound, MRI increased PPV from 13.5% (10/74) to 71.4% (10/14) for masses and from 3.3% (1/30) to 50% (1/2) for non-mass U.S. findings. In 4/277 patients, MRI showed additional suspicious findings, requiring MR-guided biopsy, one of which was histologically proven malignant. So far, none of the patients who, because of an MR-BIRADS 1-3, did not undergo biopsy has been diagnosed with invasive cancer or DCIS or with progressive conventional imaging findings necessitating secondary biopsy. Conclusions: MRI improves PPV for both suspicious Mx and U.S. findings, especially mass lesions. In experienced hands, careful use of MRI can help avoid biopsies for false positive diagnoses made in Mx and U.S.

scholarly journals The attractive factor in the settlement of Ophelia bicornis Savigny

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Made In

Largely as a result of experiments made in 1951, sands were classed as attractive, neutral or repellent (Wilson, 1953 a); but only after the 1952 experiments had been completed did it become reasonably certain that the sands in which the larvae of Ophelia bicornis Savigny readily settle carry an attractive factor apparently distinct from a repellent one present in sands in which they will not settle (Wilson, 1953 b). Whilst the precise natures of the factors were uncertain, it seemed probable that they both derive from organic activity. The 1953 breeding season was devoted to an attempt to obtain more information about the attractive factor.

A false positive for clozapine using high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unax Lertxundi ◽  
Margarita H. Manrique ◽  
Saioa D. Echaburu ◽  
Manuel Martinez
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Test Request ◽  
Made In

Background:We report a case of a false positive for clozapine, when analysing serum levels using a high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection method.Methods:A patient not taking clozapine tested positive for clozapine three times in two different samples. This false positive was discovered by chance, because of an administrative error made in the first analytic test request.Results:The analysis of the first sample with a more specific method [HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)] showed that no clozapine was present.Conclusions:It is important to acknowledge that depending on the method employed, a false positive should not be ruled out as a possibility. Moreover, and even more worryingly, it should also be taken into account that clozapine serum levels could be tested erroneously high if the unknown interference is present and the HPLC-UV method is used. Although the interfering compound could not be identified, the possibility of a cross-reaction when analysing serum clozapine levels with the HPLC-UV method warrants urgent attention.

scholarly journals Cyclic changes to the negative coordinating conjunction from Latin to Modern French

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (s42-s2) ◽  
pp. 223-254
Author(s):  
Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Circular Path ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Negative System ◽  
Made In ◽  
Modern Standard

Abstract The evolution of the negative coordinating conjunction (‘neither’/‘nor’) from Latin to Modern French instantiates a type of cyclic development that is previously undocumented as such at the level of morphosyntax, viz. a ‘semasiological’ cycle. In effect, the conjunction appears to have taken an almost perfectly circular path. Thus, in Classical Latin, as is consonant with the typological status of that language as a Double Negation language, neque/nec was exclusively used in negative contexts. Medieval French being a Negative Concord language, on the other hand, its negative coordinating conjunction, ne, a direct descendant of neque/nec, was able to develop a full range of weak negative polarity uses. In a range of contexts, ne was thus semantically equivalent to either the additive conjunction et (‘and’) or the disjunction ou (‘or’). By the end of the Classical French period, however, the conjunction (which by then takes the form ny/ni) has lost all of its weak negative polarity uses again, and it is used only in strong negatively polar environments in Modern Standard French. Based on data from the electronic corpora Frantext and Base de Français Médiéval, I analyze the three stages of this evolution. I show that, together with other developments in the French negative system, it falsifies predictions made in the literature and has consequences for the reconstruction of negative systems in less well-documented languages.

Purification and Separation of Carbon Nanotubes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Haddon ◽  
J. Sippel ◽  
A.G. Rinzler ◽  
F. Papadimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Oxidation Of Thin Films ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe problems posed by the synthesis and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have inhibited progress in the field. In this article, we review the methods available for measuring the purity of SWNTs and the current status of processes designed to purify them.We emphasize the hierarchy of the purification steps that must be developed in order to obtain high-quality material suitable for the full range of advanced applications that are envisioned for the ultimate carbon nanofiber.We review two strategies for SWNT purification, the assessment of SWNT purity by use of near-IR spectroscopy and its application to the thermal oxidation of thin films of SWNTs, as well as recent advances in the separation of metallic and semiconducting SWNTs. While substantial progress has been made in the purification and separation of SWNTs, we note the need for quality control and quality assurance within the industry. Much work remains before pure SWNTs of specific lengths, diameters, and chirality can be made available for applications.

The doubtful value of tympanometry in the diagnosis of otosclerosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Browning ◽  
I. R. C. Swan ◽  
S. Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
False Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Compliance ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Made In

AbstractMany consider that the compliance of the middle ear as measured from the tympanogram can be helpful in diagnosing otosclerosis. To test this assertion, the compliance in 34 individuals with surgically proven otosclerosis was compared with the compliance in 34 age and sex matched, normal controls, randomly selected from the population. Though the mean compliance was different in the two groups, there was considerable overlap in the range of values which severely limits the practical usefulness of tympanometry.If the level of compliance is taken at which a false negative diagnosis would be made in 10 per cent of otosclerotic ears, a false positive diagnosis of otosclerosis would be made in 88 per cent of normal ears. If the level of compliance is taken at which a false positive diagnosis of otosclerosis would be made in 10 per cent of normal ears, 72 per cent of ears with otosclerosis would be considered normal.It is concluded that tympanometry will not help to arrive at a diagnosis of otosclerosis.

Great Basin Prehistory: A Review

1955 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Jennings ◽  
Edward Norbeck
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Field Research ◽  
General Level ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Made In

Since the Publication of Steward's interpretations of Great Basin prehistory, which were based upon field research ending about 1935, no attempt has been made in published form to collate and analyze currently available data on the full range of the prehistory of the area. Steward's conclusions are thoughtful and represent conservative, sound reasoning upon the basis of the data available and the theories current at the time. As might reasonably be expected, however, subsequent findings have cast doubt upon some of his interpretations and have made others unacceptable. This paper is a brief attempt, deliberately kept at a general level, to review both old and new data, with special reference to the cultural relationships between the Great Basin and San Juan Anasazi, and to call attention to current developments and problems.

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