scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Rudy Londine Mathebula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: Seventy-two percent of the 332 participants were females and the overall age distribution among participants increased with increasing age. The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females had a significant difference (p-value 0.006). The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. The participant who were divorced were 6.2 times more likely to smoke than married participants (p<0.05). Males were 0.08 times less likely to be obese (p<0.001). Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: High levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term ART.

scholarly journals Study of cardiovascular disease risk factors among urban schoolchildren in Sousse,Tunisia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghannem ◽  
K. Khlita ◽  
I. Harrabi ◽  
A. Ben Abdelaziz ◽  
R. Gaha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference

To assess the risk to Tunisian children of cardiovascular diseases [CVD], we undertook an epidemiological survey of 1569 urban schoolchildren from Sousse. Prevalence rates for the following CVD risk factors were determined: hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and other lipid disorders, obesity and tobacco consumption. Hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia showed no statistically significant difference by sex. Hypercholesterolaemia, high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and obesity were all significantly higher for girls than boys. Smoking was significantly higher among boys. The relatively low CVD risk factor profile of Tunisian schoolchildren should be encouraged in adulthood and a school heart health programme should be established.

scholarly journals Study of cardiovascular disease risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Sousse,Tunisia

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
H. Ghannem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Difference

We undertook an epidemiological survey based on a representative sample of 793 rural schoolchildren in Sousse, Tunisia to assess the prevalence of certain cardiovascular disease risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension [11.2%], hypercholesterolaemia [2.9%], hypertriglyceridaemia [1.0%], high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [0.6%] and obesity [4.0%] showed no statistically significant difference based on sex. However, smoking [4%] showed a significant gender difference [boys: 7.3%; girls 1.2%]. The relatively low cardiovascular disease risk factor profile of Tunisian children needs to be encouraged through to adulthood. Thus a school programme of heart health promotion should be established.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Vologda Oblast Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
N. Kh. Svanadze ◽  
R. A. Kasimov ◽  
A. A. Orlovsky ◽  
N. V. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Relevance. There are large regional disparities in prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors, as well as in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates in Russian Federation (RF). Aim. To demonstrate the disparities in prevalence of CVD risk factors between Vologda Oblast districts. Materials and methods. Databases created in 2009 at the State-financed health institution of the Vologda Oblast «Vologda Regional Center for Medical Prevention», based on the results of a survey conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization CINDI program. CINDI questionnaire; cross-sectional study; the data was processed using R programming language and the Statistica software package 12. Results. The most common behavioral CVD risk factors in different Vologda Oblast districts included inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (30–90%) and alcohol abuse (40–80%); hypertension (40–60%), overweight and obesity (30–55%) were the most frequent biological CVD risk factors; the most prevalent socio-economic risk factors included low education level (75–90%) and unemployment (20–40%). Participants residing in rural municipalities differed from urban okrugs (cities) dwellers in a higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (p < 0.0001), overweight and obesity (p < 0.05), unemployment (p < 0.0001), low education level (p < 0.0001), as well as a low overall assessment of their health (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We detected disparities in CVD risk factors prevalence between Vologda Oblast districts in 2009. Both behavioral and biological CVD risk factors were more common in participants from rural municipalities. The CVD risk factors distribution between the RF subjects’ districts requires further scientific research.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients – association with antiretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Friis-Møller ◽  
Rainer Weber ◽  
Peter Reiss ◽  
Rodolphe Thiébaut ◽  
Ole Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Patients

scholarly journals Association between country preparedness indicators and quality clinical care for cardiovascular disease risk factors in 44 lower- and middle-income countries: A multicountry analysis of survey data

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1003268
Author(s):  
Justine I. Davies ◽  
Sumithra Krishnamurthy Reddiar ◽  
Lisa R. Hirschhorn ◽  
Cara Ebert ◽  
Maja-Emilia Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
National Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hospital Beds

Background Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death, globally, and health systems that deliver quality clinical care are needed to manage an increasing number of people with risk factors for these diseases. Indicators of preparedness of countries to manage cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) are regularly collected by ministries of health and global health agencies. We aimed to assess whether these indicators are associated with patient receipt of quality clinical care. Methods and findings We did a secondary analysis of cross-sectional, nationally representative, individual-patient data from 187,552 people with hypertension (mean age 48.1 years, 53.5% female) living in 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and 40,795 people with diabetes (mean age 52.2 years, 57.7% female) living in 28 LMICs on progress through cascades of care (condition diagnosed, treated, or controlled) for diabetes or hypertension, to indicate outcomes of provision of quality clinical care. Data were extracted from national-level World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS), or other similar household surveys, conducted between July 2005 and November 2016. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to estimate associations between each quality clinical care outcome and indicators of country development (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita or Human Development Index [HDI]); national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (‘NCD readiness indicators’ from surveys done by WHO); health system finance (domestic government expenditure on health [as percentage of GDP], private, and out-of-pocket expenditure on health [both as percentage of current]); and health service readiness (number of physicians, nurses, or hospital beds per 1,000 people) and performance (neonatal mortality rate). All models were adjusted for individual-level predictors including age, sex, and education. In an exploratory analysis, we tested whether national-level data on facility preparedness for diabetes were positively associated with outcomes. Associations were inconsistent between indicators and quality clinical care outcomes. For hypertension, GDP and HDI were both positively associated with each outcome. Of the 33 relationships tested between NCD readiness indicators and outcomes, only two showed a significant positive association: presence of guidelines with being diagnosed (odds ratio [OR], 1.86 [95% CI 1.08–3.21], p = 0.03) and availability of funding with being controlled (OR, 2.26 [95% CI 1.09–4.69], p = 0.03). Hospital beds (OR, 1.14 [95% CI 1.02–1.27], p = 0.02), nurses/midwives (OR, 1.24 [95% CI 1.06–1.44], p = 0.006), and physicians (OR, 1.21 [95% CI 1.11–1.32], p < 0.001) per 1,000 people were positively associated with being diagnosed and, similarly, with being treated; and the number of physicians was additionally associated with being controlled (OR, 1.12 [95% CI 1.01–1.23], p = 0.03). For diabetes, no positive associations were seen between NCD readiness indicators and outcomes. There was no association between country development, health service finance, or health service performance and readiness indicators and any outcome, apart from GDP (OR, 1.70 [95% CI 1.12–2.59], p = 0.01), HDI (OR, 1.21 [95% CI 1.01–1.44], p = 0.04), and number of physicians per 1,000 people (OR, 1.28 [95% CI 1.09–1.51], p = 0.003), which were associated with being diagnosed. Six countries had data on cascades of care and nationwide-level data on facility preparedness. Of the 27 associations tested between facility preparedness indicators and outcomes, the only association that was significant was having metformin available, which was positively associated with treatment (OR, 1.35 [95% CI 1.01–1.81], p = 0.04). The main limitation was use of blood pressure measurement on a single occasion to diagnose hypertension and a single blood glucose measurement to diagnose diabetes. Conclusion In this study, we observed that indicators of country preparedness to deal with CVDRFs are poor proxies for quality clinical care received by patients for hypertension and diabetes. The major implication is that assessments of countries’ preparedness to manage CVDRFs should not rely on proxies; rather, it should involve direct assessment of quality clinical care.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in the urban population of Soussa, Tunisia

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
H. Ghannem ◽  
A. Hadj Fredj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
New World ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

To illustrate the distribution of hypertension in the community, an epidemiological survey was conducted based on a representative sample of 957 adults aged >/= 20 years resident in Soussa, Tunisia in 1995. The prevalence of hypertension according to the new World Health Organization criteria [systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg] was 28.9%. Hypertension was significantly higher in cases with obesity, android obesity and for persons aged >40 years. History of diabetes was found in 10.2% of cases, obesity in 27.7%, overweight in 56.7%, android obesity in 36.0% and smoking in 61.4% of men and 4.2% of women

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdown may increase cardiovascular disease risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daha Garba Muhammad ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmad Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 which is leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In compliance with WHO recommendation of movement restrictions, many countries have imposed compulsory self-quarantine and restricted movements of their citizenries (lockdown/sit at home) and closure of businesses and borders as preventive measures to the fast-spreading virus. Consequently, this decision has made the emergence of behaviors that are detrimental to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are the leading cause of the global mortality rate. Main body The increase in sedentary lifestyles, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown as a result of personal restrictions in COVID-19 lockdown is linked with the risk of death from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Conclusion The lockdown has increased risk factors of CVDs, and as such, there might be an increase in the number of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related mortality rate. The effect does not end during the period of coronavirus pandemic but even after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Young Adults: A STEPwise-Approach-Based Study in Three University Setups in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Hamza Loukili ◽  
Gabriel Malka ◽  
Helene Landrault ◽  
Driss Frej ◽  
Mohamed Amine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Background: Although chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are more likely to emerge during adulthood, their development begins earlier during childhood and adolescence. In this respect, we explored cardiovascular disease risk factors among students in three elite schools in Morocco. Method: The data collecting process was carried out using the French version of the STEPwise approach developed by the WHO to monitor Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors, producing thus standardized data and allowing wide comparability across similar studies. The investigation was conducted through on-site and online configurations. We only relied on the first and second sequences of the STEPS questionnaire in order to collect behavioral and physical data, on which our analysis was based. The choice of the population of Moroccan high intellectual potential youth is interesting, as they represent future physicians and leading engineers of tomorrow. Results: A total number of 325 subjects were surveyed. The prevalence of auto-reported diabetes and hypertension was respectively 3.31% and 8.54%. Alarmingly, a large proportion of respondents had undiagnosed hypertension. Besides, the prevalence of obesity was found to reach 6.17%, with no significant difference between gender groups. Conclusion: Hypertension appears to be largely undiagnosed which urges taking actions towards raising awareness among youth about chronic diseases and their risk factors as well as highlighting their preventability to prevent their future development.

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