scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: High levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term ART.

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Londile Mathebula ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Thembelihle Samuel Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Body Mass Index

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV infected people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The average time of ART initiation to study period was 3.6 years. The study findings revealed a significant difference (p-value 0.006) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females. Hypertension was found to be having a significant difference (p-value 0.026 and 0.038) between the baseline and current body mass index at time of study for males and females respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

scholarly journals The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Rudy Londine Mathebula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis. Results: Seventy-two percent of the 332 participants were females and the overall age distribution among participants increased with increasing age. The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females had a significant difference (p-value 0.006). The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. The participant who were divorced were 6.2 times more likely to smoke than married participants (p<0.05). Males were 0.08 times less likely to be obese (p<0.001). Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).

scholarly journals The Comparability of Lipid-based and Body Mass Index-based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores: Using the Rwanda 2012-2013 Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
Jean Berchmans Niyibizi ◽  
Okop Kufre Joseph ◽  
Levitt Naomi ◽  
Stephen Rulisa ◽  
Seleman Ntawuyirushintege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Participants

Background In Rwanda, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ranked second of the most common cause of death in 2016.  CVD risk score tools have been recommended to identify people at high risk for management. Objective To assess the comparability of body mass index (BMI)-based and lipid-based CVD risk scores in Rwandan population. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted on 4185 study participants extracted from the dataset of Rwanda 2012-2013 non-communicable diseases risk factors survey. Individual CVD risk scores were calculated using both BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms, one at a time. Spearman rank’s coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were used to compare the two tools. Results About 63.5% of participants were women. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI-based algorithm and lipid-based algorithm vis-à-vis a 10-year CVD risk prediction (Spearman rank correlation coefficients > 0.90, p<0.001) considering either men, women or overall study participants. There was a moderate agreement between BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms vis-à-vis CVD risk characterization, kappa = 0.52; p-value p<0.001 considering either overall study participants or men and kappa = 0.48; p-value p<0.001 considering women. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest the use of BMI-based algorithm, a cost effective tool compared to lipid-based tool, can be alternatively used in resource-limited settings.  Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):166-184

scholarly journals Identification of Endothelial Proteins in Plasma Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Iglesias ◽  
Larissa D. Kruse ◽  
Laura Sanchez-Rivera ◽  
Linnea Enge ◽  
Philip Dusart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Disease

Objective: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a well-established response to cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as smoking and obesity. Risk factor exposure can modify EC signaling and behavior, leading to arterial and venous disease development. Here, we aimed to identify biomarker panels for the assessment of EC dysfunction, which could be useful for risk stratification or to monitor treatment response. Approach and Results: We used affinity proteomics to identify EC proteins circulating in plasma that were associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor exposure. Two hundred sixteen proteins, which we previously predicted to be EC-enriched across vascular beds, were measured in plasma samples (n=1005) from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) pilot. Thirty-eight of these proteins were associated with body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, smoking, hypertension, or diabetes. Sex-specific analysis revealed that associations predominantly observed in female- or male-only samples were most frequently with the risk factors body mass index, or total cholesterol and smoking, respectively. We show a relationship between individual cardiovascular disease risk, calculated with the Framingham risk score, and the corresponding biomarker profiles. Conclusions: EC proteins in plasma could reflect vascular health status.

scholarly journals Coccydynia – could age, trauma and body mass index be independent prognostic factors for outcomes of intervention?

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kodumuri ◽  
S Raghuvanshi ◽  
R Bommireddy ◽  
Z Klezl
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Group A ◽  
Manipulation Under Anaesthesia

Introduction The aetiology of coccydynia can be multifactorial, with several associated factors such as obesity, female gender and low mood. The long-term results of operative interventions, such as manipulation under anaesthesia and coccygectomy are variable, ranging from 63–90%. Materials and methods Our aim was to identify whether age, trauma and body mass index (BMI) were independent prognostic factors in coccydynia treatment. All patients who presented to the Royal Derby Hospital with a primary diagnosis of coccydynia between January 2011 and January 2015 who had injections, manipulation under anaesthesia or coccygectomy were included. We used patient-reported satisfaction score as the primary outcome measure. We hypothesised that patients with preceding history of trauma and with high BMI (> 25) would be less satisfied. We divided patient BMI into four groups, following World Health Organization guidelines: group A (18.5–24.9), group B (25–29.9), group C (30–39.9) and group D (> 40). Results A total of 748 patients were diagnosed with coccydynia. Of these, 201 patients had 381 injections, 40 had 98 manipulations under anaesthesia and 9 had coccygectomy. Mean age was 46.4 years; 26% of patients had trauma to the coccyx. The mean time to follow-up was 7.3 months. We found a statistically significant difference (P = 0.03) between satisfaction scores in groups B and D. Patients who had trauma improved significantly (P = 0.04). The odds ratio calculation of coccygectomy and BMI revealed a higher risk of coccygectomy in Group A. Discussion This is the first study to establish BMI and trauma as independent prognostic factors for coccydynia treatment. Our hypothesis that patients with higher BMI would have lower satisfaction levels has been proven true.

Children Exposed or Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index During the First 5 Years of Life—A Danish Nationwide Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2168-2177
Author(s):  
Ellen Moseholm ◽  
Marie Helleberg ◽  
Håkon Sandholdt ◽  
Terese L Katzenstein ◽  
Merete Storgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Exposures to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy in utero may have adverse effects on infant growth. Among children born in Denmark and aged 0–5 years, we aimed to compare anthropometric outcomes in HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with those in children not exposed to HIV. Methods In a nationwide register-based study we included all singleton HEU children born in Denmark in 2000–2016. HEU children were individually matched by child sex, parity, and maternal place of birth to 5 singleton controls born to mothers without HIV. Weight-for-age z (WAZ) scores, length-for-age z (LAZ) scores, and weight-for-length or body mass index–for–age z scores were generated according to the World Health Organization standards and the Fenton growth chart for premature infants. Differences in mean z scores were analyzed using linear mixed models, both univariate and adjusted for social and maternal factors. Results In total, 485 HEU children and 2495 HIV-unexposed controls were included. Compared with controls, HEU children were smaller at birth, with an adjusted difference in mean WAZ and LAZ scores of −0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.46 to −.12) and −0.51 (95% CI, −.71 to −.31), respectively (both P ≤ .001). Over time, there was a trend toward increasing WAZ and LAZ scores in HEU children, and there was no significant difference in adjusted WAZ scores after age 14 days (−0.13 [95% CI, −.27 to .01]; P = .07) and LAZ scores after age 6 months (−0.15 [95% CI, −.32 to .02]; P = .08). Conclusion Compared with a matched control group, HEU children were smaller at birth, but this difference decreased with time and is not considered to have a negative effect on the health and well-being of HEU children during early childhood.

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