scholarly journals Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory morbidity among adolescents in a Middle-Eastern country

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Booalayan ◽  
Mosa Abdulrasool ◽  
Saad Al-Shanfari ◽  
Abdulwahab Boujarwa ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mukaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: There is increasing evidence linking exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at homes to the development of respiratory morbidity including asthma among adolescents. Few studies have addressed this issue in the Middle-Eastern countries including Kuwait. Therefore, this study cross-sectional assessed the prevalence of ETS exposure at home, prevalence of asthma and other respiratory morbid conditions and examined the ETS exposure and personal smoking status as risk factors for asthma among high-school students in Kuwait. Methods: During October 2015, a cross-sectional study design was implemented using a self-administered, modified version of the ISAAC (International study of asthma and allergies in childhood) questionnaire among students enrolled in nine high-schools of Hawally Governorate of Kuwait. Prevalence of ETS exposure, and eczema were computed. Multivariable log-binomial regression models were used to evaluate association between exposures of interest and asthma status. Results: Of 800 invited students, 746 (92.2%) participated, of whom 74.8% were Kuwaiti and 50.1% were female with a mean (SD) age of 16.8 (0.68) years. ETS exposure prevalence at home was 54% and personal current smoking was 12.4%. Asthma prevalence was 20.5%. Furthermore, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing during the last 12 months and wheezing ‘ever’ was 16.4%, 20.1% and 26.2%, respectively. Final multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that compared to the adolescents without asthma, adolescents with asthma tended to be current smokers (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjusted PR) = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.37 – 2.53; p < 0.001) or significantly more likely to have had ETS exposure at home (adjusted PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.21 – 2.23; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We recorded high prevalence of ETS exposure at home, high prevalence of asthma and identified ETS exposure at home and being a current smoker as strong risk factors for asthma among adolescents. Voluntary household smoking bans may substantially minimize the ETS exposure among adolescents. Additionally, such restriction may inculcate an antismoking attitude and prevent smoking initiation among adolescents. Such efforts are likely to pay dividends in terms of reduction in ETS exposure and associated asthma risk and other smoking-related morbidities in this and other similar settings.

scholarly journals Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and prevalence of asthma among adolescents in a Middle Eastern country

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Booalayan ◽  
Mosa Abdulrasool ◽  
Saad Al-Shanfari ◽  
Abdulwahab Boujarwa ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mukaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: There is increasing evidence linking exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at homes to the development of asthma among adolescents. Few studies have addressed this issue in the Middle Eastern countries including Kuwait. Therefore, this study cross-sectional assessed the prevalence of ETS exposure at home, prevalence of asthma and other respiratory morbid conditions and examined the ETS exposure and personal smoking status as risk factors for self-reported asthma among high-school students in Kuwait. Methods: During October 2015, a cross-sectional study design was implemented using a self-administered modified version of the ISAAC (International study of asthma and allergies in childhood) questionnaire among students enrolled in nine high-schools of Hawally Governorate of Kuwait. Prevalence of ETS exposure and self-reported asthma were computed. Multivariable log-binomial regression models were used to evaluate association between exposures of interest and self-reported asthma status. Results: Of 800 invited students, 746 (92.2%) participated, of whom 74.8% were Kuwaiti and 50.1% were female with a mean (SD) age of 16.8 (0.68) years. ETS exposure prevalence at home was 54% and personal current smoking was 12.4%. Self-reported asthma prevalence was 20.5%. Furthermore, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing during the last 12 months and wheezing ‘ever’ was 16.4%, 20.1% and 26.2%, respectively. Final multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that compared to the adolescents without asthma, adolescents with self-reported asthma tended to be current smokers (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjusted PR) = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.30 – 2.56; p = 0.001) or significantly more likely to have had ETS exposure at home (adjusted PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.21 – 2.23; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We recorded high prevalence of ETS exposure at home, high prevalence of self-reported asthma and identified ETS exposure at home and being a current smoker as strong risk factors for self-reported asthma among adolescents. Voluntary household smoking bans may substantially minimize the ETS exposure among adolescents. Additionally, such restriction may inculcate an antismoking attitude and prevent smoking initiation among adolescents. Such efforts are likely to pay dividends in terms of reduction in ETS exposure and associated asthma risk and other smoking-related morbidities in this and other similar settings.

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis among Adolescents in Kuwait

Dermatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosa Abdualrasool ◽  
Saad Al-Shanfari ◽  
Hussain Booalayan ◽  
Abdulwahab Boujarwa ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mukaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
International Study ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
At Home

Background: This study aimed to (i) assess the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at homes, (ii) assess the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and (iii) evaluate the association between ETS exposure and atopic dermatitis status among adolescents. Methods: During October 2015, a cross-sectional study design was implemented using a self-administered, modified version of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire among students enrolled in nine high schools of one of the six governorates of Kuwait. Prevalence of ETS exposure at home (1 or more smokers at home vs. none) and atopic dermatitis were computed. A multivariable log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the adjusted association between ETS exposure and atopic dermatitis. Results: Of 800 invited students, 746 (93.3%) participated, of whom 74.8% were Kuwaiti and 50.1% were female with a mean (SD) age of 16.8 (0.68) years. Prevalence of ETS exposure at home was 54%. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 14.9%. A final multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that compared with the adolescents free from atopic dermatitis, adolescents with atopic dermatitis were significantly more likely to have had ETS exposure at home (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.03–2.14; p = 0.034) or tended to be female (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.99–2.03; p = 0.054). Conclusions: A high prevalence of ETS exposure at home among adolescents was recorded. ETS exposure and female gender were significantly associated with atopic dermatitis status. Intervention fostering voluntary adoption of a smoke-free home rule may help protect the adolescents against ETS exposure and alleviate the menace of associated morbidity.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the health of children in the Syrian Arab Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-697
Author(s):  
W. Maziak ◽  
F. Mzayek ◽  
M. Al Musherref
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In the Syrian Arab Republic, studies on the effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the effect of household environmental tobacco smoke on 1859 children under 12 years from both urban and rural areas. Parental and household smoking were associated with respiratory morbidity in the children. Parental smoking was associated with an increased likelihood of having sudden infant death syndrome in the family and was also associated with the presence of other smokers within households, which adds to children’s exposure. To our knowledge this is the first study in the Syrian Arab Republic to report a clear association between environmental tobacco smoke and childhood respiratory morbidity

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of QuantiFERON-Diagnosed Tuberculosis Infection in 9810 Mongolian Schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davaasambuu Ganmaa ◽  
Polyna Khudyakov ◽  
Uyanga Buyanjargal ◽  
Badamtsetseg Jargalsaikhan ◽  
Delgerekh Baigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Association

Abstract Background There is controversy regarding the potential influence of vitamin D deficiency, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, BCG vaccination, season, and body habitus on susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify determinants of a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) assay result in children aged 6–13 years attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Data relating to potential risk factors for MTB infection were collected by questionnaire, physical examination, and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for modifiable risk factors identified. Results Nine hundred forty-six of 9810 (9.6%) participants had a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was independently associated with household exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (adjusted RR [aRR], 4.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.13–5.46, P < .001]; PAF, 13.1% [95% CI, 11.1%–15.0%]), vitamin D deficiency (aRR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08–1.40], P = .002; PAF, 5.7% [95% CI, 1.9%–9.3%]), exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1 indoor smoker, aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.04–1.35]; ≥2 indoor smokers, aRR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02–1.64]; P for trend = .006; PAF, 7.2% [95% CI, 2.2%–12.0%]), and increasing age (aRR per additional year, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.10–1.19], P < .001). No statistically significant independent association was seen for presence of a BCG scar, season of sampling, or body mass index. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are potentially modifiable risk factors for MTB infection.

scholarly journals Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Protano ◽  
Vittoria Cammalleri ◽  
Arianna Antonucci ◽  
Alexandra Sabina Ungureanu ◽  
Francesa Santilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
At Home

Background: The smoking ban in public places has reduced Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure for non-smokers, but despite this, domestic environments still remain places at high risk of exposure, and, today, about 40% of children worldwide are exposed to ETS at home. The aims of the study are to investigate the contribution of several factors on ETS exposure among a group of Italian children and to evaluate the changes in smoking precautions adopted at home when the smoker is the mother, the father, or both parents, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 519 Italian schoolchildren. Information was collected via a questionnaire. Results: 41.4% of the participants lived with at least one smoker. Almost half of the children exposed to ETS lived with one or more smokers who do not observe any home smoking ban. Lower maternal or paternal educational levels significantly increase the risk of ETS exposure at home and the “worst case” is represented by both parents who smoke. Conclusions: More effective preventive interventions are needed to protect children from ETS exposure. Some interventions should be specifically dedicated to smokers with a low educational level and to mothers that smoke.

scholarly journals Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Lawson ◽  
Donna C Rennie ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
Donald W Cockcroft ◽  
Helen H McDuffie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%).OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma.RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work, at home, and during leisure time: A cross-sectional population sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Patja ◽  
Sinikka Vainiotalo ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
Leea Kuusimaki ◽  
Kimmo Peltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work At Home ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals Urinary Cotinine and Expired CO Concentrations in Women Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke at Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Herman Suryatama ◽  
Feni Fitriani ◽  
Sita Andarini ◽  
Agus Dwi Susanto ◽  
Achmad Hudoyo
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
At Home

Introduction: The health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using cotinine was a nicotine metabolite detected in urine. This should be recommended as a quantitative measurement of nicotine intake and as biomarker for ETS exposure in humans. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study to 60 ETS-exposed and 58 non ETS exposed adult women in Pasar Rebo area, Jakarta. The urinary cotinine concentrations were measured and analyzed using ELISA method, other informations were collected such as expired CO data, questionnaire regarding smoking habits of the subjects’ family members at home and respiratory health effects occured to subjects. Results: Median of urinary cotinine concentrations in ETS-exposed group were 24.65 ng/ml and 7.30 ng/ml in non-exposed group (P=0.0001). Median of expired CO in ETS-exposed group were 5.00 ppm and 3.00 ppm in non-exposed to ETS group (P=0.0001). Total amount of time (hours/day) in women exposed to ETS in their house was significantly correlated to urinary cotinine concentrations (P=0.037). The respiratory symptoms showed significant correlation with ETS exposure status (P=0.01). Time duration of last exposed to ETS had significant correlation with expired CO (P=0.004). The urinary cotinine concentrations cut-off point was 14.4 ng/ml (sensitivity=75%, specificity=74%, P=0.0001). The expired CO cut-off point was 3.5 ppm (sensitivity=75%, specificity=81%, p=0.0001). Strong and significant correlation was found between expired CO and urinary cotinine (r=0.641, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The urinary cotinine and expired CO concentration were significantly higher in women exposed to tobacco smoke at home than the non-exposed group. Urinary cotinine measurement was a sensitive, non-invasive and effective method to correlate with ETS exposure. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(3):140-53)

scholarly journals Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace in Macedonia: Where Are We Now?

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Minov ◽  
Jovanka KaradžInska-Bislimovska ◽  
Kristin Vasilevska ◽  
Snežana Risteska-Kuc ◽  
Sašo Stoleski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Level ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace in Macedonia: Where Are We Now?To assess the prevalence and the level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace after the enactment of the law restricting indoor smoking in Macedonia, we performed a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study including 372 never-smoking workers recruited from six workplaces. We found a high prevalence of workers exposed to ETS in the workplace (27.4 %) with no significant difference between particular occupation groups. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of passive smokers in the workplace between this study and our study conducted before the law was enacted (31.5 %vs.27.4 %, P=0.324). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS for less than three hours a day was significantly lower than of passive smokers with longer exposure (28.4 %vs.71.6 %, P=0.038). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS from less than 10 cigarettes smoked by coworkers per day was lower than the prevalence of workers with higher exposure, but statistical significance was not reached (37.9 %vs.62.1 %, P=0.087). Our findings indicate a high prevalence and a high level of exposure to ETS in the workplace, which calls for stricter adherence to smoking-free legislation or even the total ban of smoking in the workplace.

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