Prevalence and Determinants of QuantiFERON-Diagnosed Tuberculosis Infection in 9810 Mongolian Schoolchildren

Abstract Background There is controversy regarding the potential influence of vitamin D deficiency, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, BCG vaccination, season, and body habitus on susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify determinants of a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) assay result in children aged 6–13 years attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Data relating to potential risk factors for MTB infection were collected by questionnaire, physical examination, and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for modifiable risk factors identified. Results Nine hundred forty-six of 9810 (9.6%) participants had a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was independently associated with household exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (adjusted RR [aRR], 4.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.13–5.46, P < .001]; PAF, 13.1% [95% CI, 11.1%–15.0%]), vitamin D deficiency (aRR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08–1.40], P = .002; PAF, 5.7% [95% CI, 1.9%–9.3%]), exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1 indoor smoker, aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.04–1.35]; ≥2 indoor smokers, aRR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02–1.64]; P for trend = .006; PAF, 7.2% [95% CI, 2.2%–12.0%]), and increasing age (aRR per additional year, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.10–1.19], P < .001). No statistically significant independent association was seen for presence of a BCG scar, season of sampling, or body mass index. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are potentially modifiable risk factors for MTB infection.

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Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency And Insulin Resistance In Obese Children

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v13n1p82 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Aidah Juliaty ◽

Putri Lestari Gabrilasari ◽

Dasril Daud ◽

Johan Setyawan Lisal

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Deficiency Group

INTRODUCTION: Obesity represents the major risk factor for development of insulin resistance during childhood and adolescents. In obesity, adipose tissue release free fatty acids, various hormones, and cytokines, resulting in insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of insulin resistance in obese children. DESIGN AND METHOD: This analytical cross-sectional study was arranged from December 2019 - February 2020 included 96 students aged 11 - 17 years old from junior and senior high school who met the criteria for obesity in Makassar. The study subjects were parted into two groups, obese children with vitamin D deficiency (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 20 ng/ml) and obese children without vitamin D deficiency group (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 20 ng/ml). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency was 28 (54.9%), while obese children without vitamin D deficiency was 10 (22.2%). Based on statistical analysis, the frequency of the occurrence of insulin resistance in vitamin D deficiency obese children was higher than in obese children without vitamin D deficiency with OR = 4.261 (95% CI 1.744 – 10.411), p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The risk of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency is 4.261 times higher than obese children without vitamin D deficiency.

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Analysis of risk factors for vitamin D deficiency by results of the first stage of Russian non-interventional register study

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-7-109-118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

L. A. Suplotova ◽

V. A. Avdeeva ◽

L. Y. Rozhinskaya ◽

E. A. Pigarova ◽

E. A. Troshina

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Direct Sunlight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Smoking Duration

Introduction. In Russian Federation, there are no comprehensive studies assessing the quality of life and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, taking into account its status in different geographic latitudes.Aim. To assess the quality of life and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among the population living in the regions of the Russian Federation located at latitudes from 45 ° to 70 °.Materials and methods. The first stage of the Russian multicenter non-interventional registry study using the “cross-sectional” method was carried out from March 2020 to May 2020.Results and discussion. According to the results of the correlation analysis, qualitative and quantitative factors were identified, presumably being risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and deficiency. Qualitative risk factors include: education; alcohol consumption; being in direct sunlight for more than 30 minutes a day; visit to the solarium; using sunscreen; drinking coffee; taking medications (not vitamin-mineral complexes). Quantitative factors include: visits to specialists (total per year); smoking (duration, years); exercise for more than 30 minutes a day, once a week; being in direct sunlight for more than 30 minutes a day.Conclusion. A wide range of risk factors for vitamin D deficiency dictates the need for their further study to clarify the category of persons who are shown targeted biochemical screening with subsequent drug correction.

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Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Ghana despite Abundance of Sunlight: A Multicentre Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/9987141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽

Maxwell Hubert Antwi ◽

Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽

Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽

Richard K. Dadzie Ephraim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians. Methods and Results. In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences ( P = 0.275 ) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, P ≤ 0.001 ) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, P ≤ 0.001 ) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = −0.092, P = 0.039 ), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = −0.421, P ≤ 0.001 ), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = −0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = −0.684, P ≤ 0.001 ), and TNF-alpha (rs = −0.600, P ≤ 0.001 ). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF-γ and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.

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Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1179-1183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madhava Vijayakumar ◽

Vijayalakshmi Bhatia ◽

Biju George

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Southern India ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.

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The Association of Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Risk Factors in Chinese Adults with Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.65.211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li-Qiang TIAN ◽

Wen-Qi SHI ◽

Yang ZHOU ◽

Yu-Wen ZHANG ◽

Mei-Lin ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56830-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nora A. AlFaris ◽

Nora M. AlKehayez ◽

Fatema I. AlMushawah ◽

AbdulRhman N. AlNaeem ◽

Nadia D. AlAmri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

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Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in relation to blood pressure parameters and hypertension in the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511005745 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo ◽

Xiao Ou Shu ◽

Yong-Bing Xiang ◽

Gong Yang ◽

Qiuyin Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Urban China ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Who Criteria ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Little is known about the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and blood pressure (BP) parameters, including systolic and diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hypertension in non-Western populations that have not yet been exposed to foods fortified with vitamins and seldom use vitamin D supplements. A cross-sectional analysis of plasma 25(OH)D levels in association with BP measures was performed for 1460 participants (1055 women and 405 men, aged 40–74 years) of two large cohort studies in Shanghai. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were conducted. Overall, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55·8 % using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA criteria and 29·9 % using WHO criteria. The median plasma 25(OH)D level in the population was 38·0 nmol/l for men and 33·6 nmol/l for women (P < 0·01) among participants who were not on antihypertensive drugs. Among men, BP parameters (systolic BP, diastolic BP and MAP) were significantly and inversely associated with higher quintiles of 25(OH)D compared with the lowest quintile (Ptrend < 0·05 for all). Vitamin D non-deficient status (WHO criteria) was inversely associated with hypertension (ORadjusted = 0·29; 95 % CI 0·10, 0·82). An inverse association was also found between hypertension and the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (ORadjusted = 0·16; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·65 for ≥ 50·6 nmol/l; Ptrend = 0·02). Among women, no significant associations were found for BP parameters and hypertension. The present study shows that vitamin D deficiency is common among adults in urban China. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to the levels of individual BP parameters and hypertension among middle-aged and elderly men but not among women. More research is needed to investigate the potential sex differential associations.

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Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in women aged 20–50 years consulting in general practice: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3109/13814788.2011.560663 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 146-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marie France Le Goaziou ◽

Gaelle Contardo ◽

Christian Dupraz ◽

Ambroise Martin ◽

Martine Laville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

General Practice ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG FEMALES AGED 35 YEARS AND ABOVE IN SAUDI ARABIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1120-1126

Author(s):

Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽

◽

Ashraf A. Amir ◽

Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽

Hussam Mahmoud Baeissa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Sample Size ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Contribution

Osteoporosis is a common public health challenge globally but the relative contribution of variousrisk factors for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia is not well established. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis among females aged 35 years and above in Saudi Arabia. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 2070 and determined the prevalence of risk factors as percentages of the total sample size. We foundthat vitamin D deficiency is the major modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia followed by cigarette smoking. Autoimmune and endocrine diseases were also not uncommon. Our results therefore suggest for the strengthening of measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency, reduce corticosteroid-related osteoporosis and curb cigarette smoking.

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