Flight muscles degenerate by programmed cell death after migration in the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae

Abstract Objective Previous studies showed that flight muscles degenerate after migration in some aphid species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains virtually unknown. In this study, using the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae , we aim to investigate aphid flight muscle degeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism.Results S. avenae started to differentiate winged or wingless lines at the second instar, the winged aphids were fully determined at the third instar, and their wings were fully developed at the fourth instar. After migration, the aphid flight muscles degenerated via programmed cell death, which is evidenced by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Then, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes before and after tethered flights using differential-display reverse transcription-PCR. One of the differentially expressed genes, ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a, was confirmed using qPCR. Ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a is drastically up regulated following the aphids’ migration and before the flight muscle degeneration. Our data suggested that aphid flight muscles degenerate after migration. During flight muscle degeneration, endogenous proteins may be degraded to reallocate energy for reproduction.

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Flight muscles degenerate by programmed cell death after migration in the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4708-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honglin Feng ◽

Xiao Guo ◽

Hongyan Sun ◽

Shuai Zhang ◽

Jinghui Xi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Flight Muscle ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Muscle Degeneration ◽

Flight Muscles

Abstract Objective Previous studies showed that flight muscles degenerate after migration in some aphid species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains virtually unknown. In this study, using the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae, we aim to investigate aphid flight muscle degeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism. Results Sitobion avenae started to differentiate winged or wingless morphs at the second instar, the winged aphids were fully determined at the third instar, and their wings were fully developed at the fourth instar. After migration, the aphid flight muscles degenerated via programmed cell death, which is evidenced by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay. Then, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes before and after tethered flights using differential-display reverse transcription-PCR. One of the differentially expressed genes, ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a, was confirmed using qPCR. Ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a is drastically up regulated following the aphids’ migration and before the flight muscle degeneration. Our data suggested that aphid flight muscles degenerate after migration. During flight muscle degeneration, endogenous proteins may be degraded to reallocate energy for reproduction.

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Flight muscles degenerate by programmed cell death after migration in the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae

10.21203/rs.2.13011/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Honglin Feng ◽

Xiao Guo ◽

Hongyan Sun ◽

Shuai Zhang ◽

Jinghui Xi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Flight Muscle ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Instar Nymph ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Muscle Degeneration ◽

Flight Muscles

Abstract Objective Previous studies showed that flight muscles were degenerated after migration in some aphid species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains virtually unknown. In this study, using the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae , we aim to investigate aphid flight muscle degeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism.Results Wheat aphid starts to differentiate winged or wingless lines at the second instar nymph, determined at the third instar, and then fully developed at the fourth instar. After migration, the flight muscles degenerated via programmed cell death, which is evidenced by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Then, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes before and after tethered flights using differential-display reverse transcription-PCR. One of the differentially expressed gene, ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a, was confirmed using qPCR. Ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a is drastically up regulated following aphids’ migration and before the flight muscle degeneration. Our data suggested that aphid flight muscles degenerate after migration, during which endogenous proteins may be degraded to reallocate energy for reproduction.

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Programmed Cell Death in Procyclic Form Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense - Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes during Con A Induced Death

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761999000200020 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 229-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Susan C Welburn ◽

Simon Lillico ◽

Noel B Murphy

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense ◽

Con A ◽

Procyclic Form

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Transcriptomic profiling identifies differentially expressed genes associated with programmed cell death of nucellar cells in Ginkgo biloba L.

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1671-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dahui Li ◽

Di Wu ◽

Shizhou Li ◽

Ning Guo ◽

Junshan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Transcriptomic Profiling

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Homologs of Genes Associated with Programmed Cell Death in Animal Cells are Differentially Expressed During Senescence of Ipomoea nil Petals

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcp019 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 610-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

T. Yamada ◽

K. Ichimura ◽

M. Kanekatsu ◽

W. G. van Doorn

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Animal Cells ◽

Ipomoea Nil

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Transcriptome based analysis of apoptosis genes in chickens co-infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus and pathogenic Escherichia coli

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5487 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shabnam Hashemi ◽

Seyed Masoud Hosseini ◽

Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi ◽

Nariman Sheikhi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cell Death ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Fold Change ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Apoptotic Genes

Background and Objectives: Infection with Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important respiratory infection worldwide. Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs as part of normal development and responds to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. The identification of molecular mechanisms of action or inaction of key apoptotic proteins is important. This study aimed to investigate apoptotic related genes in the trachea tissue of infected (IBV variant 2, and APEC serotype O78: K80) SPF chickens group compared to the control group. Materials and Methods: Forty SPF chickens was divided into 2 groups. Differential transcriptional profile in the infected SPF chickens trachea tissue was compared to those of control group in the early stage of infection by Illumina RNA-seq technique paired-end and strand-specific sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcriptome profiling of the trachea from the infected group were identified. Gene ontology category, KEGG pathway, and STRING analysis were analyzed to identify relationships among differentially expressed genes. Results: Twenty-eight apoptotic genes were identified. They consisted of six pathways related to cell death: the extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and cell death by NFkB and activates mTOR pathway and some regulator and apoptosis inhibitors. Conclusion: All of the apoptotic genes in our study were up-regulated. Among these genes, the more fold change value was for TRADD and BCL2A1 genes, and the less fold change value was for MAP3K14, NFKB1, PIK3CB, and ITPR2 genes.

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Expression differences in Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) females reared on different aphid host species

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3640 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3640 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gabriel I. Ballesteros ◽

Jürgen Gadau ◽

Fabrice Legeai ◽

Angelica Gonzalez-Gonzalez ◽

Blas Lavandero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Host Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Aphidius Ervi ◽

Host Acceptance ◽

Aphid Host

The molecular mechanisms that allow generalist parasitoids to exploit many, often very distinct hosts are practically unknown. The wasp Aphidius ervi, a generalist koinobiont parasitoid of aphids, was introduced from Europe into Chile in the late 1970s to control agriculturally important aphid species. A recent study showed significant differences in host preference and host acceptance (infectivity) depending on the host A. ervi were reared on. In contrast, no genetic differentiation between A. ervi populations parasitizing different aphid species and aphids of the same species reared on different host plants was found in Chile. Additionally, the same study did not find any fitness effects in A. ervi if offspring were reared on a different host as their mothers. Here, we determined the effect of aphid host species (Sitobion avenae versus Acyrthosiphon pisum reared on two different host plants alfalfa and pea) on the transcriptome of adult A. ervi females. We found a large number of differentially expressed genes (between host species: head: 2,765; body: 1,216; within the same aphid host species reared on different host plants: alfalfa versus pea: head 593; body 222). As expected, the transcriptomes from parasitoids reared on the same host species (pea aphid) but originating from different host plants (pea versus alfalfa) were more similar to each other than the transcriptomes of parasitoids reared on a different aphid host and host plant (head: 648 and 1,524 transcripts; body: 566 and 428 transcripts). We found several differentially expressed odorant binding proteins and olfactory receptor proteins in particular, when we compared parasitoids from different host species. Additionally, we found differentially expressed genes involved in neuronal growth and development as well as signaling pathways. These results point towards a significant rewiring of the transcriptome of A. ervi depending on aphid-plant complex where parasitoids develop, even if different biotypes of a certain aphid host species (A. pisum) are reared on the same host plant. This difference seems to persist even after the different wasp populations were reared on the same aphid host in the laboratory for more than 50 generations. This indicates that either the imprinting process is very persistent or there is enough genetic/allelic variation between A. ervi populations. The role of distinct molecular mechanisms is discussed in terms of the formation of host fidelity.

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Programmed Cell Death Facilitates the Formation of Unisexual Male and Female Flowers in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Wang ◽

Li ◽

Suo ◽

Han ◽

Diao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Diospyros Kaki ◽

Male And Female ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Unisexual Flowers ◽

Normal Flower

Most varieties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) are gynoecious, while just a few are either monoecious, androgynomonoecious, or androecious. Persimmon flowers initially contain the original androecium and gynoecium followed by arrest of either pistil or stamen primordia before maturity. Abortion of inappropriate primordium in persimmon may be related to programmed cell death (PCD). To test this hypothesis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, cyt-c immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to clarify the occurrence and molecular regulatory mechanism of PCD in male and female floral buds during the 14 days prior to the second crucial morphological stage when inappropriate sexual primordia were arrested to form unisexual flowers. Accordingly, dead cells in inappropriate sex organs were largely accumulated during the microsporocyte and macrosporocyte period of male and female floral buds, respectively. This may explain the abortion of inappropriate sex organs, leading to unisexual flowers. PCD is necessary for normal growth and development in persimmons, as dead cells could also be observed in the normal flower organs. High levels of a gene homologous to AMC9 may have accelerated the arrest of the pistil primordium during differentiation, leading to male unisexual flowers, and high levels of genes homologous to MeGI, BAG5, AifA, and HSP70 in female floral buds were positively correlated with the arrest of stamen primordium. Future studies may try to transform unisexual flowers into hermaphroditic flowers by the regulation of PCD artificially, which will be helpful to the controlled pollination experiments.

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