Accuracy of Planar Anteversion Measurements in Anteroposterior Radiographs

Abstract Introduction Number of methods has been suggested to measure anteversion in the simple AP radiograph and a few studies have validated their accuracy and reliability. In the current study, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different radiographs (conventional pelvis AP vs hip centered AP) in order to determine which measurement method and which radiograph provides highest accuracy and reliability. Material and methods We developed custom made two planar anteversion measurement models for the validation. Each models are designed for Pelvis AP and hip AP. The radiographs were taken with the both models’ inclination changing from 10° to 70° at 10° increments and for each inclination angles, anteversion was changed from 0° to 30° at 5° increments. Therefore, the x-ray of the two models were taken in 49 scenarios. The measurements were done independently by two orthopaedic surgeons blinded from each other using 6 methods : 1) Pradhan et al, 2) Lewinak et al, 3) Widmer et al, and 4) Liaw et al. 5) Hassan et al, 6) Ackland et al. Result The highest accuracy was found when Liaw method was used in hip centered AP radiograph which showed difference of 1.37° ± 1.73. Also, regardless of the type of the radiographs, Pradhan, Lewinnek, Liaw all showed relatively high accuracy. However, substantial difference was found when Widmer, Hassan, Ackland method were utilized regardless of the type of radiograph used. When the anteversion were measured in the inclination between 30° and 50°, Pradhan’s method in pelvis AP showed the highest accuracy (1.23° ± 0.92°). Also, we found no significant difference when measured anteversions were compared between Pelvis AP and hip centered AP. Conclusion The study indicates that the Pradhan, Liaw and Lewinnek method may provide the relatively accurate anteversion measurement regardless of the type of the radiographs. Also, it would be unnecessary to take the hip centered AP radiographs in addition to the pelvis AP radiographs for the purpose of measuring anteversion.

Download Full-text

Accuracy of planar anteversion measurements using anteroposterior radiographs

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-019-2979-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gwang Chul Lee ◽

Sang Hong Lee ◽

Sin Wook Kang ◽

Hyung Seok Park ◽

Suenghwan Jo

Keyword(s):

Measurement Method ◽

High Reliability ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Validation Test ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

Custom Made ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Inclination Angles

Abstract Background Several methods using simple anteroposterior (AP) radiographs have been suggested for the measurement of anteversion of the cup component after total hip arthroplasty. Herein, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different types of AP radiograph, the conventional pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs, to identify the measurement method and the type of radiograph that would provide the highest accuracy and reliability. Methods We developed two custom-made bi-planar anteversion measurement models for the validation test. The models were designed for pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs, respectively. The radiographs were acquired using the inclination angles of both models, changing from 10° to 70° at 10° increments. For each inclination angle, anteversion was changed from 0° to 30° at 5° increments. The measurements were obtained independently by two orthopedic surgeons blinded from each other’s measurements, using the methods of 1) Pradhan et al., 2) Lewinnek et al., 3) Widmer et al., 4) Liaw et al., 5) Hassan et al., and 6) Ackland et al. The measurements were repeated after 2 months. The accuracy, compared with that of the reference angle, and intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities of each method were calculated. Results The highest accuracy was found when the method of Liaw et al. was used with hip-centered AP radiographs, which showed a difference of 1.37° ± 1.73 from the reference angle. Moreover, regardless of the type of radiograph, the methods by Pradhan et al., Lewinnek et al., and Liaw et al. showed excellent correlations with the reference anteversion. However, substantial differences were found when the methods by Widmer et al., Hassan et al., and Ackland et al. were used, regardless of the type of radiograph used. When anteversion was measured in an inclination between 30° and 50°, the method of Pradhan et al., when used with pelvis AP radiographs, showed the highest accuracy (1.23° ± 0.92°). We also found no significant difference in anteversions between the measurements made on pelvic and hip-centered AP radiographs. Both interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were high for all the measurements tested. Conclusions The methods by Pradhan et al., Liaw et al., and Lewinnek et al. may provide relatively accurate anteversion measurements with high reliability, regardless of the type of radiograph.

Download Full-text

Accuracy of Planar Anteversion Measurements using Anteroposterior Radiographs

10.21203/rs.2.13668/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gwang Chul Lee ◽

Sang Hong Lee ◽

Sin Wook Kang ◽

Hyung Suk Park ◽

Suenghwan Jo

Keyword(s):

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Measurement Method ◽

High Reliability ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

Custom Made ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inclination Angles ◽

Reliability Methods

Abstract Introduction Several methods have been suggested to measure anteversion of the cup component after total hip arthroplasty using simple anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. Herein, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different AP radiographs (conventional pelvis AP vs. hip-centered AP) in order to identify the measurement method and radiograph that provide the highest accuracy and reliability. Methods We developed two custom-made bi-planar anteversion measurement models for the validation. Each model was designed for pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs. The radiographs were acquired with both models’ inclination angle changing from 10° to 70° at 10° increments, and for each inclination angles, anteversion was changed from 0° to 30° at 5° increments. The measurements were obtained independently by two orthopedic surgeons blinded from each other using 6 methods: 1) Pradhan et al., 2) Lewinnek et al., 3) Widmer et al., 4) Liaw et al., 5) Hassan et al., and 6) Ackland et al. The measurements were repeated after 2 months. The accuracy, compared to the reference angle, and intra- and inter-observer reliabilities of each method were calculated. Results The highest accuracy was found when Liaw et al.’s method was used in hip-centered AP radiographs, which showed a difference of 1.37° ± 1.73 from the reference. Moreover, regardless of the type of the radiograph, the methods by Pradhan et al., Lewinnek et al., and Liaw et al. showed excellent correlations with the reference anteversion. However, substantial differences were found when the methods by Widmer et al., Hassan et al., and Ackland et al. were utilized, regardless of the type of radiograph used. When the anteversion was measured in the inclination between 30° and 50°, Pradhan et al.’s method in pelvis AP radiographs showed the highest accuracy (1.23° ± 0.92°). We also found no significant difference when the measured anteversions were compared between pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs. Both inter- and intra-observer reliabilities were high for all measurements tested. Conclusions The methods by Pradhan et al., Liaw et al., and Lewinnek et al. may provide relatively accurate anteversion measurements with high reliability, regardless of the type of radiograph.

Download Full-text

Accuracy of Planar Anteversion Measurements using Anteroposterior Radiographs

10.21203/rs.2.13668/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gwang Chul Lee ◽

Sang Hong Lee ◽

Sin Wook Kang ◽

Hyung Suk Park ◽

Suenghwan Jo

Keyword(s):

High Reliability ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Validation Test ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

Custom Made ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Inclination Angles ◽

Reliability Methods

Abstract Background Several methods using simple anteroposterior (AP) radiographs have been suggested for the measurement of anteversion of the cup component after total hip arthroplasty. Herein, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different types of AP radiograph, the conventional pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs, to identify the measurement method and the type of radiograph that would provide the highest accuracy and reliability. Methods We developed two custom-made bi-planar anteversion measurement models for the validation test. The models were designed for pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs, respectively. The radiographs were acquired using the inclination angles of both models, changing from 10° to 70° at 10° increments. For each inclination angle, anteversion was changed from 0° to 30° at 5° increments. The measurements were obtained independently by two orthopedic surgeons blinded from each other’s measurements, using the methods of 1) Pradhan et al., 2) Lewinnek et al., 3) Widmer et al., 4) Liaw et al., 5) Hassan et al., and 6) Ackland et al. The measurements were repeated after 2 months. The accuracy, compared with that of the reference angle, and intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities of each method were calculated. Results The highest accuracy was found when the method of Liaw et al. was used with hip-centered AP radiographs, which showed a difference of 1.37° ± 1.73 from the reference angle. Moreover, regardless of the type of radiograph, the methods by Pradhan et al., Lewinnek et al., and Liaw et al. showed excellent correlations with the reference anteversion. However, substantial differences were found when the methods by Widmer et al., Hassan et al., and Ackland et al. were used, regardless of the type of radiograph used. We also found no significant difference in anteversions between the measurements made on pelvic and hip-centered AP radiographs. Both interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were high for all the measurements tested. Conclusions The methods by Pradhan et al., Liaw et al., and Lewinnek et al. may provide relatively accurate anteversion measurements with high reliability, regardless of the type of radiograph.

Download Full-text

Measurement Method of Yarn Tension Based on CCD Technology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.89 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 230-232 ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiao Xu ◽

Shun Qi Mei ◽

Zhi Ming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Measurement Error ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Comparison Method ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Yarn Tension ◽

Contact Measurement ◽

Binary Process ◽

Driving Circuit

As to the disadvantages of traditional contact measurement methods, a non-contact measurement system of yarn tension based on CCD technology is developed, which includes the system working principal and the structure ,the design of area matrix CCD driving circuit, the binary process of video signal boundary features by comparison method. Experimental data from contact measurement and non-contact measurement is contrasted, and the measurement error is analyzed. Experimental results show it is achieved with high accuracy and reliability.

Download Full-text

Research on Leakage Measurement Methods of Coupling Clamps for Aircraft Tubing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.672 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 971-973 ◽

pp. 672-675

Author(s):

Guang Jun Li ◽

Xue Mei Chen ◽

Zhi Yong Zhang ◽

Zheng Da Zhao ◽

Jun Ma

Keyword(s):

Measurement Method ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Liquid Volume ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Leakage Measurement

By analyzing the problems of leakage measurement methods of coupling clamps for aircraft tubing, a new technical solution is proposed based on the gas-liquid volume equivalent replacement principle. The test prototype and dedicated measuring device are developed. The results show that the new measurement method is scientific, safe, reliable and with high accuracy. The measurement method has already been used in the production of various coupling clamps in aircraft tubing.

Download Full-text

The Degree of Oxidation of Graphene Oxide

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11030560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Alexandra Carvalho ◽

Mariana C. F. Costa ◽

Valeria S. Marangoni ◽

Pei Rou Ng ◽

Thi Le Hang Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Ab Initio ◽

State Of The Art ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Precise Determination ◽

Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽

Pristine Graphene ◽

X Ray ◽

Degree Of Oxidation

We show that the degree of oxidation of graphene oxide (GO) can be obtained by using a combination of state-of-the-art ab initio computational modeling and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). We show that the shift of the XPS C1s peak relative to pristine graphene, ΔEC1s, can be described with high accuracy by ΔEC1s=A(cO−cl)2+E0, where c0 is the oxygen concentration, A=52.3 eV, cl=0.122, and E0=1.22 eV. Our results demonstrate a precise determination of the oxygen content of GO samples.

Download Full-text

2D–3D reconstruction of distal forearm bone from actual X-ray images of the wrist using convolutional neural networks

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94634-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryoya Shiode ◽

Mototaka Kabashima ◽

Yuta Hiasa ◽

Kunihiro Oka ◽

Tsuyoshi Murase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wrist Joint ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Training Data ◽

Small Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Accuracy Estimation ◽

X Ray ◽

Learning Network ◽

Forearm Bone ◽

Deep Learning Network

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to develop a deep learning network for estimating and constructing highly accurate 3D bone models directly from actual X-ray images and to verify its accuracy. The data used were 173 computed tomography (CT) images and 105 actual X-ray images of a healthy wrist joint. To compensate for the small size of the dataset, digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) images generated from CT were used as training data instead of actual X-ray images. The DRR-like images were generated from actual X-ray images in the test and adapted to the network, and high-accuracy estimation of a 3D bone model from a small data set was possible. The 3D shape of the radius and ulna were estimated from actual X-ray images with accuracies of 1.05 ± 0.36 and 1.45 ± 0.41 mm, respectively.

Download Full-text

X-ray Diffraction Analysis and Williamson-Hall Method in USDM Model for Estimating More Accurate Values of Stress-Strain of Unit Cell and Super Cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite, Confirmed by Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Test

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2949

Author(s):

Marzieh Rabiei ◽

Arvydas Palevicius ◽

Amir Dashti ◽

Sohrab Nasiri ◽

Ahmad Monshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Deformation Model ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Uniform Deformation ◽

X Ray ◽

Pulse Echo

Taking into account X-ray diffraction, one of the well-known methods for calculating the stress-strain of crystals is Williamson-Hall (W–H). The W-H method has three models, namely (1) Uniform deformation model (UDM); (2) Uniform stress deformation model (USDM); and (3) Uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The USDM and UDEDM models are directly related to the modulus of elasticity (E). Young’s modulus is a key parameter in engineering design and materials development. Young’s modulus is considered in USDM and UDEDM models, but in all previous studies, researchers used the average values of Young’s modulus or they calculated Young’s modulus only for a sharp peak of an XRD pattern or they extracted Young’s modulus from the literature. Therefore, these values are not representative of all peaks derived from X-ray diffraction; as a result, these values are not estimated with high accuracy. Nevertheless, in the current study, the W-H method is used considering the all diffracted planes of the unit cell and super cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite (HA), and a new method with the high accuracy of the W-H method in the USDM model is presented to calculate stress (σ) and strain (ε). The accounting for the planar density of atoms is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, the ultrasonic pulse-echo test is performed for the validation of the novelty assumptions.

Download Full-text

Crystal structure of pimecrolimus Form B, C43H68ClNO11

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s088571562100004x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Shivang Bhaskar ◽

Joseph T. Golab ◽

James A. Kaduk ◽

Amy M. Gindhart ◽

Thomas N. Blanton

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Density Functional ◽

Van Der Waals Interactions ◽

Powder Diffraction File ◽

X Ray ◽

Weak Intermolecular Interactions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Atomic Coordinates ◽

Solid State Conformation

The crystal structure of pimecrolimus Form B has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Pimecrolimus crystallizes in the space group P21 (#4) with a = 15.28864(7), b = 13.31111(4), c = 10.95529(5) Å, β = 96.1542(3)°, V = 2216.649(9) Å3, and Z = 2. Although there are an intramolecular six-ring hydrogen bond and some larger chain and ring patterns, the crystal structure is dominated by van der Waals interactions. There is a significant difference between the conformation of the Rietveld-refined and the DFT-optimized structures in one portion of the macrocyclic ring. Although weak, intermolecular interactions are apparently important in determining the solid-state conformation. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®) as entry 00-066-1619. This study provides the atomic coordinates to be added to the PDF entry.

Download Full-text

Integration of Dental Implants in Conjunction with EDTA-Conditioned Dentin Grafts: An Experimental Study

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9060063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Payam Farzad ◽

Ted Lundgren ◽

Adel Al-Asfour ◽

Lars Andersson ◽

Christer Dahlin

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

Mineral Content ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

Significant Difference ◽

C And N ◽

Micro Implants ◽

Demineralized Dentin

This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.

Download Full-text