scholarly journals Survey of human and bovine tuberculosis infection on dairy farms in southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Chuang Chen ◽  
Zhengyuan Rao ◽  
Aiguo Yang ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that can be transmitted between humans and cattle. The aim of our study was to identify cross-infections of MTBC between humans and cattle on dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Results: We selected 6 large-scale and 5 small-scale dairy farms in Sichuan Province as research sites. A total of 378 dairy farm workers (except one pregnant woman) were screened for tuberculosis symptoms and examined by X-ray. One worker was diagnosed as tuberculosis, though the sputum culture was negative. In total, 99 of 10,224 (0.97%) cows showed positive results for the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Esophageal-pharyngeal (OP) secretions from PPD-positive cows were cultured and 21 isolates were obtained. Sequences of 16s rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB and 16s-23s rRNA spacer region were amplified and sequenced. BLAST analysis classified these isolates as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (18 M. nonchromogenicum, 1 M. hiberniae, 1 M. arupense, and 1 M. chitae isolates). Conclusion: This study indicates that the PPD-positive cows in these dairy farms were infected with NTM rather than MTBC. Tuberculosis cross-infection between humans and cows on dairy farms has been well controlled in this region.

scholarly journals Survey of human and bovine tuberculosis infection on dairy farms in southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Chuang Chen ◽  
Zhengyuan Rao ◽  
Aiguo Yang ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative

Abstract Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that can be transmitted between humans and cattle. The aim of our study was to identify cross-infections of MTBC between humans and cattle on dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Results: We selected 6 large-scale and 5 small-scale dairy farms in Sichuan Province as research sites. A total of 378 dairy farm workers (except one pregnant woman) were screened for tuberculosis symptoms and examined by X-ray. One worker was diagnosed as tuberculosis, though the sputum culture was negative. In total, 99 of 10,224 (0.97%) cows showed positive results for the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Esophageal-pharyngeal (OP) secretions from PPD-positive cows were cultured and 21 isolates were obtained. Sequences of 16s rDNA , hsp65 and rpoB and 16s-23s rRNA spacer region were amplified and sequenced. BLAST analysis classified these isolates as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (18 M. nonchromogenicum , 1 M. hiberniae , 1 M. arupense, and 1 M. chitae isolates). Conclusion: This study indicates that the PPD-positive cows in these dairy farms were infected with NTM rather than MTBC. Tuberculosis cross-infection between humans and cows on dairy farms has been well controlled in this region.

scholarly journals Survey of human and bovine tuberculosis infection on dairy farms in southwestern China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Chuang Chen ◽  
Zhengyuan Rao ◽  
Aiguo Yang ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Infection

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease that can be transmitted through respiratory secretions, causing simultaneous infection in both people and cattle. The aim of our study was to identify the co-infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between human and cattle in dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwest China.Results We selected 6 large-scale dairy farms and 5 small-scale dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwest China, as research sites. A total of 378 dairy farm workers (except one pregnant woman)were screened for tuberculosis symptoms and examined by X-ray radiographs. One worker was diagnosed with tuberculosis, but the sputum culture result was negative, and no strain was obtained. The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests of 10224 dairy cows showed that 99 cows were positive, with a positive rate of 9.7‰. The Oesophageal-Pharyngeal (OP) secretions of PPD-positive cows were cultured, and 21 strains were obtained. After amplifying and sequencing the 16SrDNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes and the ITS region, sequence alignment in BLAST showed that these strains were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)(18 Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum , 1 Mycobacterium hiberniae , 1 Mycobacterium arupense and 1 Mycobacterium chitae ).Conclusion This study indicated that PPD-positive cows on dairy farms were infected with NTM rather than Mycobacterium bovis . Cross-infection of tuberculosis between humans and cows on dairy farms has been controlled.

scholarly journals Comparison of the population structure of Streptococcus uberis mastitis isolates from Austrian small-scale dairy farms and a Slovakian large-scale farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 1820-1830
Author(s):  
Regina Wald ◽  
Martina Baumgartner ◽  
Julia Gutschireiter ◽  
Benjamin Bazzanella ◽  
Katharina Lichtmannsperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Chinese Farms in Zambia: From Socialist to “Agro-Imperialist” Engagement?

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hairong ◽  
Barry Sautman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Modes Of Engagement ◽  
Do So

Abstract Participation by Chinese in Zambia’s agriculture has involved three modes of engagement. Two of these, agro-socialist cooperation until the late 1980s and agro-capitalist “win-win,” since the 1990s, can be examined. The third one, an “agro-imperialist” mode, is not an experience, but a speculation, one possible future based on the Chinese state’s potential to allow firms from China to join in the large-scale, export-oriented “land grabs” by big transnational firms that have occurred since food crises in the developing world in the late 2000s. This paper analyzes all three modes of Chinese engagement, but necessarily concentrates on the second, present-day mode, agro-capitalism. We argue that the present Chinese engagement with Zambian agriculture makes small-scale positive contributions to the domestic food market in Zambia. At the same time, its agro-capitalist production involves the exploitation of farm workers that is typically at the core of commercial farming regardless of the national origins of farm owners. We also contend that while Chinese in Zambia and Africa are not carrying out agro-imperialism, they will likely do so if Chinese leaders decide that this practice represents an international standard.

Clostridioides difficile on dairy farms and potential risk to dairy farm workers

Anaerobe ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102353
Author(s):  
Laurel Redding ◽  
Elizabeth Huang ◽  
Jacob Ryave ◽  
Terry Webb ◽  
Denise Barnhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

scholarly journals DAYA SAING USAHA TERNAK SAPI PERAH RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN PUJON KABUPATEN MALANG JAWA TIMUR

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Harmini Adibowo ◽  
Feryanto Willcharo
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Farm Unit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

<em>Up to present, the dairy farmers only able to meet 25-30 percent of all milk demand in Indonesia, although milk and its derivatives continues to increase steadily. This condition occurs due to low milk productivity, small-scale dairy farm unit, inadequate government policies as well as economic globalization. The objectives of this study are, first, to measure the competitiveness of the small-scale dairy farm. Second, to evaluate the impact of government policies. Third, lastly, to analyse the implication of price changes on input-output. A Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) for data is applied. The results show that, first, the small-scale dairy farms operate in competitiveness. Second, so far government policies did not provide adequate incentives and directly promote the dairy farms’ competitiveness. Third, high import tariff (15 percent) could significantly protect the competitiveness of the small-scale dairy farms.</em>

scholarly journals Enhancement potentials for labour efficiency in small and large scale cattle farms

2001 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Tibor Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

The author examined the possibilities of increasing the labour efficiency at 6 large-scale farms and at 109 small-scale farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. He stated that the level of labour efficiency was higher for large scale farms than for small-scale farms. However, there is potential for work organisation of milking, feeding and other jobs on the large-scale farms, too. The reason for the low labour efficiency on small-scale dairy farms is the small number of livestock, obsolete machinery, and lack of expertise. The author points out that the quality of raw milk is also an important issue. Using examination methods of work organisation, he determined the critical points of raw milk production.

scholarly journals Sero-Epidemiological Study on Bovine Rota and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Abdela Assefa ◽  
Asaminew Tesfaye ◽  
Motuma Debelo Dibaba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Abstract Background: Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and coronavirus (BCoV) are most commonly associated etiologies from viral causative agents of neonatal calf diarrhea. A cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected dairy farms of Addis Ababa from November 2018 to April 2019 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of bovine rota and coronavirus infection in diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves and determining the associated risk factors. A probability proportional to size sampling technique (PPS) was used and accordingly, the study involved a total of 110 calves under 30 days of age from 57 dairy herds of which 34 (59.6%), 18 (31.6%) and 5 (8.8%) were small scale, medium scale and large scale farms respectively. As well risk factors associated with herd and calves were obtained from an interview of farm owners.Results: By using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, out of these 110 calves, 4 (3.64%) were found positive for rotavirus while only 1 (0.91%) was found positive for coronavirus infection. Data generated from both interview and laboratory investigation was analyzed using SPSS version 20. As a result, prevalence of rotavirus infection showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with respect to sex, diarrhea status, colostrum timing and consistency of diarrhea. However, prevalence of coronavirus infection showed significant difference (P<0.05) only with consistency of diarrhea.Conclusions: In conclusion, rotavirus and coronavirus infection in neonatal calves in this finding showed as there is less prevalence in dairy farms of the study area; therefore, effort should be initiated for further studies on other (infectious and non-infectious) causes of calf diarrhea in this area.

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