Feasibility of combining two individualized lung recruitment maneuvers at birth for very low gestational age infants: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract BACKGROUND Lung recruitment at birth has been advocated as an effective method of improving the respiratory transition at birth. Sustained inflations (SI) and dynamic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were assessed in clinical and animal studies to define the optimal level. Our working hypothesis was that very low gestational age infants (VLGAI) < 32 weeks’ gestation require an individualized lung recruitment based on combining both manoeuvers. METHODS Between 2014 and 2016, 100 and 102 inborn VLGAI were enrolled before and after introducing these manoeuvers based on progressive increase in SI up to 15 seconds, with simultaneous gradual increase in PEEP up to 15 cmH2O, according to the cardiorespiratory response. Retrospective comparisons of the rate of mechanical ventilation (MV) < 72h of life, short- and mid-term morbidity were then performed. RESULTS Among extremely low gestational age infants (ELGAI) < 29 weeks’ gestation, MV and its mean duration < 72h of life, consumption of a 2 nd dose of surfactant, and postnatal corticosteroids decreased significantly from 92 to 71%, 42 to 12h, 35 to 12%, and 49 to 24%, respectively. Among VLGAI, most of these results, and the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (decreasing from 14 to 6%), were significant after a multivariate analysis. Neonatal mortality and morbidity were not different. CONCLUSIONS In our setting, combining two individualized lung recruitment maneuvers at birth was feasible and may be beneficial on short- and mid-term pulmonary outcomes, especially in ELGAI < 29 weeks’ gestation. A randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these results.