Acceptance of long-term care from intelligent robots: a study of attitudes among the elderly in China

Abstract Background China has the world's largest elderly population, as well as the largest population of disabled elderly. Existing literature shows that there have been increased efforts to develop intelligent robots to address the shortage of caregivers for the elderly. However, there has been little research on elders’ acceptance of care from intelligent robots. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptance of intelligent robots among disabled elderly in need of long-term care. Methods We used structured questionnaire and interview methods during a social survey. In total, 3060 questionnaires and 50 interviews were collected. Results An overwhelming majority of the 3060 participants (79.39%) indicated that they would reject robot care. Discussion In further research, should consider more about the background of interviewees, the influence of the economy and social development across different regions, and distinguish the impact of each type of basic information on the acceptance of intelligent machines by the elderly. Conclusions Most elderly adults were reluctant to allow robots to provide services that involved physical contact. Therefore, the development and design of robots should consider elderly individuals’ attitudes toward non-human services, in addition to broadening the scope of activities that intelligent robots could cover, and providing intelligent tools and products that the elderly would be more likely to gradually accept.

Acceptance of long-term care from intelligent robots: A study of attitudes among the elderly in China

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-219030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zehao Zhang ◽

Sifeng Zhang ◽

Linling Xie

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Future Research ◽

Term Care ◽

Intelligent Robots ◽

Disabled Elderly ◽

Intelligent Tools ◽

BACKGROUND: China has the world’s largest elderly population, as well as the largest population of disabled elderly. Existing literature shows that there have been increased efforts to develop intelligent robots to address the shortage of caregivers for the elderly. However, there has been little research on elders’ acceptance of care from intelligent robots. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptance of intelligent robots among disabled elderly in need of long-term care. METHODS: We used structured questionnaires and interview methods during a social survey. In total, 3060 questionnaires and 50 interviews were collected. RESULTS: An overwhelming majority of the 3060 participants (79.39%) indicated that they would reject robot care. DISCUSSION: Future research should consider the background of the interviewees and the influence of the economy and social development across different regions, in order to distinguish the impact of each type of basic information on the acceptance of intelligent machines by the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Most elderly adults were reluctant to allow robots to provide services that involved physical contact. Therefore, the development and design of robots should consider elderly individuals’ attitudes toward non-human services, in addition to broadening the scope of activities that intelligent robots could cover, and providing intelligent tools and products that the elderly would be more likely to gradually accept.

Impact of Frailty on Medical and Long-Term Care Expenditures for the Elderly Age 75 or Over in Japan

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 176-176

Author(s):

Hiroto Yoshida ◽

Yuriko Kihara

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Term Care ◽

Intentional Weight Loss ◽

And Gender ◽

Abstract This study examined the impact of frailty on medical and long-term care expenditures in an older Japanese population. The subjects were those aged 75 years and over who responded to the survey (March 2018) in Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan (n=1,203) and have never received certification of long-term care insurance at the survey. We followed up 867 individuals (72.1%) until the end of December 2018 (10 month-period). We defined frailty as a state in performing 4 items and over of 15 items which were composed of un-intentional weight loss, history of falls, etc. Among 867 subjects, 233 subjects (26.9%) were judged to be frailty group, and 634 subjects (73.1%) non-frailty group. We compared period to the new certification of long-term care insurance (LTCI), accumulated medical and long-term care expenditures adjusted for age and gender between the two groups during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between baseline frailty and the new certification of LTCI. The relative hazard ratio (HR) was higher in frailty group than non-frailty group (HR=3.51, 95% CI：1.30-9.45, P=.013). The adjusted mean accumulated medical and long-term care expenditures per capita during the follow-up were significantly (P=.002) larger for those in the frailty group (629,699 yen), while those in the non-frailty group were 450,995 yen. We confirmed strong economic impact of frailty in the elderly aged 75 or over in Japan.

Review of evolution of the public long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in different countries: influence and challenge

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-020-05878-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Linhong Chen ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Xiaocang Xu

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Term Care ◽

The Public ◽

Disabled Elderly ◽

The Disabled ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The growing demand for LTC (Long-term care) services for disabled elderly has become a daunting task for countries worldwide, especially China, where population aging is particularly severe. According to CSY (China Statistical Yearbook,2019), the elderly aged 65 or above has reached 167 million in 2018, and the number of disabled elderly is as high as 54%. Germany and other countries have alleviated the crisis by promoting the public LTCI (Long-Term Care Insurance) system since the 1990s, while China’s public LTCI system formal pilot only started in 2016. Therefore, the development of the public LTCI system has gradually become a hot topic for scholars in various countries, including China. Methods This review has been systematically sorted the existing related literature to discuss the development of public LTCI (Long-Term Care Insurance)system form four aspects, namely, the comparison of public LTCI systems in different countries, the influence of public LTCI, challenge of public LTCI, and the relationship between public LTCI and private LTCI. We searched some databases including Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, SCOPUS, EBSCO, EMBASE, ProQuest and PubMed from January 2008 to September 2020. The quality of 38 quantitative and 21 qualitative articles was evaluated using the CASP(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) critical evaluation checklist. Results The review systematically examines the development of public LTCI system from four aspects, namely, the comparison of public LTCI systems in different countries, the influence of public LTCI, the challenge of public LTCI, and the relationship between public LTCI and private LTCI. For example, LTCI has a positive effect on the health and life quality of the disabled elderly. However, the role of LTCI in alleviating the financial burden on families with the disabled elderly may be limited. Conclusion Some policy implications on the future development of China’s LTCI system can be obtained. For example, the government should fully consider the constraints such as price rise, the elderly disability rate, and the substantial economic burden. It also can strengthen the effective combination of public LTCI and private LTCI. It does not only help to expand the space for its theoretical research but also to learn the experiences in the practice of the LTCI system in various countries around the world. It will significantly help the smooth development and further promote the in-depth reform of the LTCI system in China.

Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy - Long-Term Care: Economic Issues and Policy Solutions ◽

The Impact of the Community Long-Term Care Insurance Law on Services for the Elderly in Israel

10.1007/978-1-4615-4096-0_7 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denise Naon

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Term Care ◽

Insurance Law ◽

The impact of service composition factor on organizational performance of long term care facilities for the elderly people

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.16972/apjbve.9.1.201402.133 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

정한채 ◽

Ko Dae Yeong ◽

강성옥 ◽

임현승

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Elderly People ◽

Service Composition ◽

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Composition Factor ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Facilities ◽

ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM CARE NEEDS AND THE PROVISION OF SERVICES TO THE ELDERLY IN ISRAEL: THE IMPACT OF LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE

Australian Journal on Ageing ◽

10.1111/j.1741-6612.1992.tb00542.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 16-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Morginstin ◽

S. Baich-Moray ◽

A. Zipkin

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Care Needs ◽

Term Care ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

PENGARUH EDUKASI PERAWATAN JANGKA PANJANG PADA LANSIA DENGAN PENGETAHUAN KADER KESEHATAN DI AREA KOMUNITAS

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Komunitas ◽

10.32584/jikk.v2i2.408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Thomas Erjinyuare Aquino Amigo ◽

Cornelia Dede Yoshima Nekada

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

The Elderly ◽

Statistical Hypothesis ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Education ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The elderly population which increases rapidly along with the downgrading of various systems generate impacts on the health condition of the elderly, thus, long-term care is required. The long-term care requires health cadres or caregivers who support the health workers, however, health cadres or caregivers need to conceive a decent knowledge regarding long-term care on the elderly. According to this phenomenon, therefore, the researchers were interested to conduct a study concerning the impact of the long-term care education for elderly on the knowledge of health cadres. This research aimed to discover the impact of long-term care education for elderly on the knowledge of health cadres in Pokoh Hamlet, Wedomartani, Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. The research was performed through a quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group pre and posttest design. The knowledge of the respondent was measured before the education regarding long-term care is provided, then, the respondents were educated, and the knowledge of cadre about long-term care was measured at end of the meeting. Respondents involved in this research were individuals who follow the education and cadres or local people who nurse the elderly. The knowledge of cadres was measured through the questionnaire of long-term care. The statistical hypothesis test was performed on the obtained data through Wilcoxon’s test. A total sampling was used as the sampling technique in this research which resulted in 16 respondents as the sample. The results of this research indicated that the median score of the knowledge of health cadres was 39.5 before the intervention and 45 after the intervention with 0.000 of p-value, there was a significant difference of knowledge between before and after the long-term care education was given on health cadres. The conclusion is that there was a significant difference between the long-term care education with the knowledge of health cadres. Health cadres are expected to be able of performing screening on elderly who require long-term care and also capable of performing long-term care on the elderly which focused on the fulfillment of basic needs.

Experience in long-term care organizing in Israel geriatric institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-88-91 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-91

Author(s):

C. Konson ◽

K. Zaretskaya

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Quality Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Term Care ◽

Care For The Elderly ◽

Adequate Quality

The main measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus in long-term institutions for elderly people should be based on the principle of social distancing and on limiting direct physical contact between older residents and their families. In this regard, the system of nursing care for the elderly residents of long-term care institutions is forced to reorganize in order to provide residents and their families with adequate quality care, while ensuring infection safety.