scholarly journals Geographical variations of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Abraham Yeneneh Birhanu ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Abstract Background : The early age of sexual initiation will contribute a lot for various risks such as mistimed pregnancy followed by insecure termination, developing fistula and contracting sexually transmitted infections which are currently the major public health concerns, particularly for low-income countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect spatial clusters and identify factors associated with an early age sexual initiation of women in the reproductive age group. Methods : We used a population-based nationwide representative Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data for this analysis. A total of 12,033 respondents of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least one event of sexual initiation was retrieved and included for the analysis. Spatial cluster detection and autocorrelation analysis were also done to explore the patterns of early age sexual initiation. Results : The median age at first sexual intercourse among respondents was 16 (±3.3) years and more than half (66.2%), had their first intercourse before the age of 18 years. The spatial variations of the age of sexual initiation was nonrandom and clustered with a Moran's I = 0.413 (P-value < 0.001). In addition, five significant spatial clusters were also identified. Moreover, the probability of starting sex at an earlier age was associated with the respondent’s residence, marital status, educational attainment and wealth index. Conclusion : This study found a higher proportion of an early age sexual initiation of women. Socio-demographic variables were also significantly associated with early sexual initiation. The SaTScan analysis identified five statistical significant spatial clusters which indicate that there were geographical variations. Therefore, targeted and integrated interventions focusing on the identified high spot clustered areas are recommended to reduce early age sexual initiation. Keywords : Early sexual initiation, geographical variations, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Geographical variations of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Abraham Yeneneh Birhanu ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background : The early age of sexual initiation will contribute a lot for various risks such as mistimed pregnancy followed by insecure termination, developing fistula and contracting sexually transmitted infections which are currently the major public health concerns, particularly for low-income countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect spatial clusters and identify factors associated with an early age sexual initiation of women in the reproductive age group. Methods : We used a population-based nationwide representative Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data for this analysis. A total of 12,033 respondents of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least one event of sexual initiation was retrieved and included for the analysis. Spatial cluster detection and autocorrelation analysis were also done to explore the patterns of early age sexual initiation. Results : The median age at first sexual intercourse among respondents was 16 (±3.3) years and more than half (66.2%), had their first intercourse before the age of 18 years. The spatial variations of the age of sexual initiation was nonrandom and clustered with a Moran's I = 0.413 (P-value < 0.001). In addition, five significant spatial clusters were also identified. Moreover, the probability of starting sex at an earlier age was associated with the respondent’s residence, marital status, educational attainment and wealth index. Conclusion : This study found a higher proportion of an early age sexual initiation of women. Socio-demographic variables were also significantly associated with early sexual initiation. The SaTScan analysis identified five statistical significant spatial clusters which indicate that there were geographical variations. Therefore, targeted and integrated interventions focusing on the identified high spot clustered areas are recommended to reduce early age sexual initiation. Keywords : Early sexual initiation, geographical variations, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Improving access to healthcare for women in Tanzania by addressing socioeconomic determinants and health insurance: a population-based cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e023013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Bintabara ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Income Country

ObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the factors associated with accumulation of multiple problems in accessing healthcare among women in Tanzania as an example of a low-income country.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingNationwide representative data for women of reproductive age obtained from the 2015–2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey were analysed.Primary outcome measuresA composite variable, ‘problems in accessing healthcare’, with five (1-5) categories was created based on the number of problems reported: obtaining permission to go to the doctor, obtaining money to pay for advice or treatment, distance to a health facility and not wanting to go alone. Respondents who reported fewer or more problems placed in lower and higher categories, respectively.ResultsA total of 13 266 women aged 15–49 years, with a median age (IQR) of 27 (20–36) years were interviewed and included in the analysis. About two-thirds (65.53%) of the respondents reported at least one of the four major problems in accessing healthcare. Furthermore, after controlling for other variables included in the final model, women without any type of health insurance, those belonging to the poorest class according to the wealth index, those who had not attended any type of formal education, those who were not employed for cash, each year of increasing age and those who were divorced, separated or widowed were associated with greater problems in accessing healthcare.ConclusionThis study indicated the additive effects of barriers to healthcare in low-income countries such as Tanzania. Based on these results, improving uptake of health insurance and addressing social determinants of health are the first steps towards reducing women’s problems associated with accessing healthcare.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Mtebe V Majigo ◽  
Paschal Kashindye ◽  
Zachariah Mtulo ◽  
Agricola Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital

Background: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common complaint of women in reproductive age worldwide caused by various agents. The prevalence and etiologic agents vary depending on the population studied. Management of vaginal discharge in low-income countries, typically depend on the syndromic approach, which limits understanding the specific causative agents. We determined the proportion of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June and August of 2017 among nonpregnant women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital. Experienced staff performed physical examination to establish a clinical diagnosis, and collection of the high vaginal swab for microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of vaginal infections. Results: A total of 196 samples were collected, of all, 128 (65.3%) had either bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomo- niasis. Bacterial vaginosis was the leading infection at 33.2%, followed by candidiasis (19.4%) and trichomoniasis (13.3%). Laboratory confirmed vaginal infection were generally found more in age below 25, unmarried, and those employed or petty business. Conclusion: The proportion of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge was relatively higher than others, and the presence of vaginal infection relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Further advanced studies are needed to understand the potential role of aetiologic agents in causing vaginal infections. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; vaginal discharge; genital infection.

scholarly journals Determinants and Constraints of Pulse Production and Consumption among Farming Households of Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemneh Kabata ◽  
Carol Henry ◽  
Debebe Moges ◽  
Afework Kebebu ◽  
Susan Whiting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Production And Consumption

In low income countries the agricultural sector is essential to growth, poverty reduction, and food security. Pulse crops are important components of crop production in Ethiopia's smallholders agriculture, providing an economic advantage to small farm holders as an alternative source of protein and other nutrients, cash income, that seeks to address food security. This study sought to gain an understanding of determinants and constraints to production and usage of pulse crops based on data collected in 2013 from 256 households in Oromia region of Ethiopia. Determinants of production and consumption were identified using logistic regression. The result showed that Haricot bean was produced, but not widely consumed. Lentil was widely consumed but not produced. Production of haricot bean was hampered by problems related to weed control, disease, pests, yield and soil quality, a seasonal market, and a shortage of farmland. Consumption of haricot bean was low due to perceived gastrointestinal distress after eating and the culture of it being a taboo food. Logistic regression showed household head educational status and age, land size and household size statistically significantly (p-value<0.05) affected household pulse (haricot bean and lentil) consumption frequency. Agronomic, market, culture and household characteristics related determinants and constraints were identified. Also a mismatch of production and consumption was observed in the study. It is recommended that agronomic and market concerns related to production of haricot bean and other pulses be addressed and that household food preparation techniques for pulses that reduce gastrointestinal symptoms be promoted and evaluated.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOMES IN RURAL NEPAL

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (143) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Osrin ◽  
S Manandhar ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
N Mesko ◽  
K S Tumbahangphe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCommunity trials in low-income countries require monitoring and evaluation systems.The requirements of a community surveillance system include coherent design, training,field supervision and reporting, as well as the need for a robust and flexible database.Materials and methodsThis paper describes a surveillance system for identification of pregnancy and itsoutcomes in a rural area of Nepal. Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA), incollaboration with the Institute of Child Health, London, are presently conducting astudy on the impact of a community-based participatory intervention to improveessential newborn care (ENC) in rural Nepal. The study is a cluster randomisedcontrolled trial involving 12 pairs of Village Development Committees (VDCs) inMakwanpur District. The surveillance system covers approximately 28 000 householdsand 28 000 married women of reproductive age. It was designed to identify pregnancy,its outcome for mother and infant, and activities such as antenatal care and problem-related health care seeking behaviour.DiscussionThe paper describes the processes of mapping and enumeration, pregnancyidentification, conduct of interviews, quality control and data management.Key Words: data quality, database, rural Nepal.

scholarly journals Reversible Long Term Contraceptives Utilization among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Kastro Dake ◽  
Temesgen Lera Abiso
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

BACKGROUND፡ In low income countries, bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka District in South EthiopiaMETHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI)was reported, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 134(38.7%). Utilization of Reversible Long Term Contraceptives (RLTCs) was positively associated with being protestant Christian religion follower, advanced educational status, history of abortion, and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives. In other words, being housewife, being daily laborer, having no radio in the household and making fertility decisions alone were negatively associated.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RLTCs in the study area was high. Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to formal school. In addition to electronic media, different community events and community conversations should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudestowards RLTCs.

scholarly journals A Ten Years Retrospective Study of Hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia, Magnitude Indications and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu Getachew ◽  
Takele Mengistu ◽  
Yaregal Asres
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value

Abstract Background: Hysterectomy is one of the major surgeries performed in clinical practice for commonly encountered diseases of the female genital tract worldwide. Even if Hysterectomy is widely performed surgery in both developed and low income countries little is known about is epidemiology in rural part of develop countries. Especially in developing countries like Ethiopia representative reliable statistics are rarely available on this important aspect of women’s health mainly on its prevalence, indication and outcome. So the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude indication and outcome of hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital from January 1, 2008 to January1, 2018. Methods: institutional based retrospective study was conducted in Goba Referral Hospital. Self-administered structured checklists were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized by tables, graph and descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to determine association between predictors and Hysterectomy prevalence. P-value <0.05 was -considered as statistically significant. Results: a total of 200 hysterectomies were done for obstetrics and gynecology indications, of which the commonest, 47% (n=94), indication was uterine rupture. From the total of 116 women, who had no antenatal care follow up, 40% (n=47) had uterine rupture. This study also indicated that, most of uterine rupture cases 80% (n=76) were living far away from the hospital (> 50km from the hospital) 94.6% (n-89) were multiparous. This study has also indicated that from the total of 20 discharged dead, 90% (n=18)) were came from a distance of >100km far from the hospital and 95% (n=19) were those who didn’t attend antenatal care. Conclusions: the higher rate of uterine rupture was seen in those who were multi Para, far from Hospitals and those who have no ANC follow up. Large scale study for the identification of determinant factors for evidence based intervention will be very important.

scholarly journals Reversible Long Term Contraceptives Utilization among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Areka town, South Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Kastro Dake ◽  
Temesgen Lera
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract Background: In low income countries, maternal mortality rate remains high. Bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka town in South Ethiopia Methods: We did a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with a crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported and statistical significance was declared at p <0.05.Results: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 38.7% in the study area. Utilization of reversible long term contraceptives was positively associated with being Protestant Christian religion follower (AOR=5.33; 95% CI: 1.63, 17.40), advanced educational status (AOR=5.78; 95% CI: 1.97, 17.02), history of abortion (AOR=7.17; 95% CI: 2.81, 18.27), and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives (AOR=2.85; 95% CI: 1.46, 5.57). Whereas, being a housewife (AOR=.27; 95% CI: .09, .79) and daily laborer (AOR=.14; 95% CI: .02, .80), having no radio in the household (AOR=.40; 95% CI: .16, .99) and making fertility decisions alone (AOR=.12; 95% CI: .04, .37) were negatively associated. Conclusion: Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to school. On top of electronic media, other alternative media should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudes towards RLTCs.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer testing among women aged 30–49 years in the WHO European Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Williams ◽  
Ivo Rakovac ◽  
Jocelyn Victoria ◽  
Tatiana Tatarinova ◽  
Marilys Corbex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
European Region ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Screening programs play an important role in a comprehensive strategy to prevent cervical cancer, a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information about rates of cervical cancer testing, particularly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia where levels of cervical cancer are among the highest in the WHO European Region. The purpose of this article is to report on the lifetime prevalence of cervical cancer testing among females aged 30–49 years from across the WHO European region, and to describe high-level geographic and socioeconomic differences. Methods We used data from the European Health Information Survey and the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance survey to calculate the proportions of women who were tested for cervical cancer. Results The percentage of tested women ranged from 11.7% in Azerbaijan to 98.4% in Finland, with the lowest percentages observed in Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Testing was lower in Eastern Europe (compared to Western Europe), among low-income countries and among women with lower levels of education. Conclusion Effective cervical cancer screening programs are one part of a larger strategy, which must also include national scale-up of human papilloma virus vaccination, screening and treatment.

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