Determinants and Constraints of Pulse Production and Consumption among Farming Households of Ethiopia

In low income countries the agricultural sector is essential to growth, poverty reduction, and food security. Pulse crops are important components of crop production in Ethiopia's smallholders agriculture, providing an economic advantage to small farm holders as an alternative source of protein and other nutrients, cash income, that seeks to address food security. This study sought to gain an understanding of determinants and constraints to production and usage of pulse crops based on data collected in 2013 from 256 households in Oromia region of Ethiopia. Determinants of production and consumption were identified using logistic regression. The result showed that Haricot bean was produced, but not widely consumed. Lentil was widely consumed but not produced. Production of haricot bean was hampered by problems related to weed control, disease, pests, yield and soil quality, a seasonal market, and a shortage of farmland. Consumption of haricot bean was low due to perceived gastrointestinal distress after eating and the culture of it being a taboo food. Logistic regression showed household head educational status and age, land size and household size statistically significantly (p-value<0.05) affected household pulse (haricot bean and lentil) consumption frequency. Agronomic, market, culture and household characteristics related determinants and constraints were identified. Also a mismatch of production and consumption was observed in the study. It is recommended that agronomic and market concerns related to production of haricot bean and other pulses be addressed and that household food preparation techniques for pulses that reduce gastrointestinal symptoms be promoted and evaluated.

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Demographic and socioeconomic conditions associated with food insecurity in households in Campinas, SP, Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652016000600009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 845-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de SOUZA ◽

Leticia MARIN-LEON ◽

Daniele Flaviane Mendes CAMARGO ◽

Ana Maria SEGALL-CORRÊA

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Household Head ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

P Value ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of food insecurity with demographic and socioeconomic conditions in households in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on a representative sample of the urban population of the Southern, Southwestern, and Northwestern Health Districts of Campinas, between 2011-2012. Characteristics of the head of household, family history and household patterns were investigated. The dependent variable was food security condition, categorized as food security, mild food insecurity, and moderate/severe food insecurity. All independent variables with p-value <0.20 in the bivariate multinomial logistic regression were included in the final model of multiple multinomial logistic regression, adjusted to household head age; the remaining variables had p-value <0.05. Results: In the 691 households analyzed, there was 65% of food security, 27.9% of mild food insecurity, and 7.1% of moderate/severe food insecurity. The conditions associated with mild food insecurity were monthly per capita income less than the minimum wage, household head unemployed for more than six months between 2004-2010, living in properties given to the family/occupied/other, and density higher than two people per bedroon. The moderate/severe food insecurity was associated with informal employment condition of the household head and the presence of a beneficiary of the Bolsa Família (Family Allowance Program), a cash transfer-type program, in the household. The higher the score of the consumer goods, the lower the probability of mild food insecurity or moderate/severe food insecurity. There was a higher probability of mild food insecurity and moderate/severe food insecurity in unfinished masonry-built houses/other. Conclusion: More than one third of the households investigated experienced some form of food insecurity. Mild food insecurity was associated with demographic conditions, while moderate/severe food insecurity was associated with socioeconomic conditions, especially those related to the household head.

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Predictors of Underweight Among Lactating Mothers in Dangila District, North West Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-237311/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abaynew Adugna ◽

Amsalu Degu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Household Food Security ◽

P Value ◽

Health Extension Workers ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Health extension workers are responsible for providing nutritional services like nutritional assessment and intervention for individuals who are identified as being at nutrition risk within their catchment area. Despite the Ethiopian government's effort to reduce the prevalence of maternal malnutrition through health extension workers, maternal underweight is still a significant public health problem in the country. Hence, this study aimed to identify the predictors of underweight among lactating mothers in Dangila woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based case-control study was conducted on 400 lactating women in three primary health care units of Dangila Woreda. A consecutive sampling method was used to select study participants. The data collectors were given appropriate training, and the principal investigator was continuously supervising the data collection process to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information. A bivariable logistic regression was performed, and the variables with p-value <0.2 in bivariable logistic regression were entered to multivariable logistic regression to control the effect of confounding variables.Results: The present study showed no statistically significant difference between the cases and controls in the sociodemographic characteristics. Besides, most of the cases had inadequate (60.52%) levels of nutritional knowledge compared to the controls. Regarding household food security, the majority (93.88%) of the cases and controls (89.43%) had food security while only 6.12% of the cases and 10.57% of the controls had food insecurity. Age at first pregnancy (AOR=2.138, 95% CI: 1.134-4.031), breastfeeding age (AOR=2.486, 95 % CI: 1.281-4.823), and site of delivery (AOR=3.157, 95% CI: 1.407-7.084) were the predictors of underweight among lactating mothers.Conclusions: Age at first pregnancy, site of delivery, and breastfeeding age were the significant predictors of underweight in lactating mothers. Therefore, interventions like promoting institutional delivery, prevention of teenage pregnancy, and enhancing the intake of adequate nutrition during lactation should be taken.

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Climate Change And Food Security In Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.3126/aej.v13i0.7582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Pant

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Food Security ◽

Low Income ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Farm Production ◽

Agriculture And Environment ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Government

Climate change is posing a threat on present and future food security in low income countries. But, the actual effect of the climate change on food security is not known. Using secondary data reported by the government, the paper examines the effects of climate change on food security in Nepal in the context of policies of commercialization of farm production. Statistical analysis is used to delineate the situation of food security in the country and regression analysis for exploring the effects of global warming on domestic production of major cereals. The results are discussed at global, national, household and individual levels empirically and qualitatively. The results suggest that a rise in minimum temperature decreases the productivity of rice increasing threat of food insecurity. The paper suggests some policy measures for improving food security situation in the country and open up some areas for further research. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 9-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7582

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Determinant of Food Security on Upland Agriculture Households in Paletwa Township, Chin State of Myanmar

Urban Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8063-8.ch017 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 335-345

Author(s):

San Lwin ◽

Supaporn Poungchompu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Rural Area ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Household Head ◽

Upland Agriculture ◽

Working People ◽

Development Goals ◽

Zero Hunger

This study aims to determine food security on upland agriculture households in rural area. Food security is concerned with the first two main goals of Sustainable Development Goals, No Poverty and Zero Hunger. Myanmar is Food Insecure State that showing 14.2% that is 7.7 million of 51 million population. Chin state is least developing and Paletwa is poorest out of 324 townships. Research is applied by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. 3 Villages and 1 Quarter are chosen for qualitative method and 141upland agriculture households are selected for field survey using random sampling method. The data are analyzed by logistic regression in SPSS 17 to determine food security. Age, education, schooling years of household head, size, second occupation and no. of working people in households are socio-economic determinant and own food production and fruit access are food security determinant.

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Comparing the Effects of Unsustainable Production and Consumption of Food on Health and Policy Across Developed and Less Developed Countries

Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch051 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1011-1035

Author(s):

Josue Mbonigaba

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Low Income ◽

Developed Countries ◽

High Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Production And Consumption

The unsustainable food consumption across high-income countries (HICs) and low-income countries (LICs) is expected to differ in nature and extent, although no formal evidence in this respect has been documented. Documenting this evidence is the aim of this chapter. Specifically, the chapter seeks to answer the following questions: 1) Do the contexts in less developed countries (LDCs) and developed countries (DCs) make the nature and extent of unsustainability in food consumption different? 2) Do the mechanisms of the linkage between unsustainability of food consumption and health outcomes independent of countries' contexts? 3) Are current policies against unsustainable food consumption equally effective in DCs and LDCs? These questions are answered by means of a systematic review of the literature for the period 2000-2017. The findings are that the nature and extent of unsustainability is quite different across contexts of LICs and HICs.

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Nomogram to Early Screen Multiparous Women for Preterm Birth in a Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-111878/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mayssa Traboulsi ◽

Zainab El Alaoui Talibi ◽

Abdellatif Boussaid

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Regression Model ◽

Low Income ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Penalized Regression ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Multiparous Women

Abstract Background: Preterm Birth (PTB) can negatively affect the health of mothers as well as infants. Prediction of this gynecological complication remains difficult especially in Middle and Low-Income countries because of limited access to specific tests and data collection scarcity. Multiparous women in our study presented a higher PTB prevalence compared to nulliparous women. Methods: In a cohort study from Northern Lebanon of 1996 women, 922 were multiparous presenting a PTB prevalence of 8%. We analyzed the personal, demographic, and health indicators available for this group of women. We compared 4 modified logistic regression models (up-sampling, lasso penalized regression) to develop a nomogram that can screen for preterm in multi-parous women. The models were trained and validated on different data sets.Results: The best PTB prediction of the Logistic regression model reached around 88%. This was obtained using a Logistic Regression Model trained on up-sampled datasets and LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) penalized. The regression coefficients of the 6 selected variables (Pre-hemorrhage, Social status, Residence, Age, BMI, and Weight gain) were used to create a nomogram to screen multiparous women for PTB risk. Conclusions: The nomogram based on readily available indicators for multiparous women reasonably predicted most of the at PTB risk women. This tool will allow physicians to screen women that represent a high risk for spontaneous preterm birth and run furthermore adequate additional tests leading to better medical surveillance that can reduce PTB incidence.

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Geographical variations of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016

10.21203/rs.2.18827/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽

Abraham Yeneneh Birhanu ◽

Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Sexual Initiation ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

P Value ◽

Early Age ◽

Spatial Clusters ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Abstract Background : The early age of sexual initiation will contribute a lot for various risks such as mistimed pregnancy followed by insecure termination, developing fistula and contracting sexually transmitted infections which are currently the major public health concerns, particularly for low-income countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect spatial clusters and identify factors associated with an early age sexual initiation of women in the reproductive age group. Methods : We used a population-based nationwide representative Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data for this analysis. A total of 12,033 respondents of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least one event of sexual initiation was retrieved and included for the analysis. Spatial cluster detection and autocorrelation analysis were also done to explore the patterns of early age sexual initiation. Results : The median age at first sexual intercourse among respondents was 16 (±3.3) years and more than half (66.2%), had their first intercourse before the age of 18 years. The spatial variations of the age of sexual initiation was nonrandom and clustered with a Moran's I = 0.413 (P-value < 0.001). In addition, five significant spatial clusters were also identified. Moreover, the probability of starting sex at an earlier age was associated with the respondent’s residence, marital status, educational attainment and wealth index. Conclusion : This study found a higher proportion of an early age sexual initiation of women. Socio-demographic variables were also significantly associated with early sexual initiation. The SaTScan analysis identified five statistical significant spatial clusters which indicate that there were geographical variations. Therefore, targeted and integrated interventions focusing on the identified high spot clustered areas are recommended to reduce early age sexual initiation. Keywords : Early sexual initiation, geographical variations, Ethiopia

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Household Characteristics and Food Security in Low-Income Urban Areas of South Africa

MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS REVIEW ◽

10.24818/mer/2021.12-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 263-276

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Household Head ◽

Household Size ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Gauteng Province ◽

Food Markets

In South Africa, food security at the household level is an issue still needing empirical attention. This study conducts an empirical analysis on the effect of household size, income of household head, gender of household head, location of the household, and distance from food markets on food security in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. A binary logistic regression model is estimated to analyze determinants of food security from 900 households randomly selected from three townships of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire, with food security measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. This study shows that the income of the household head promotes food security while household size and location of the household contribute to food insecurity. Our results also show that the gender of the household head is essential in maintaining sustainable levels of food security. Furthermore, it was found that the distance from food markets neither makes households food secure nor insecure. This study validates that matriarchal households exhibited comparatively greater food security than male-headed households. The findings of this study are essential in formulating policy on food security in low-income areas.

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A Ten Years Retrospective Study of Hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia, Magnitude Indications and Outcomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-77029/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aklilu Getachew ◽

Takele Mengistu ◽

Yaregal Asres

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Low Income ◽

Uterine Rupture ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value

Abstract Background: Hysterectomy is one of the major surgeries performed in clinical practice for commonly encountered diseases of the female genital tract worldwide. Even if Hysterectomy is widely performed surgery in both developed and low income countries little is known about is epidemiology in rural part of develop countries. Especially in developing countries like Ethiopia representative reliable statistics are rarely available on this important aspect of women’s health mainly on its prevalence, indication and outcome. So the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude indication and outcome of hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital from January 1, 2008 to January1, 2018. Methods: institutional based retrospective study was conducted in Goba Referral Hospital. Self-administered structured checklists were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized by tables, graph and descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to determine association between predictors and Hysterectomy prevalence. P-value <0.05 was -considered as statistically significant. Results: a total of 200 hysterectomies were done for obstetrics and gynecology indications, of which the commonest, 47% (n=94), indication was uterine rupture. From the total of 116 women, who had no antenatal care follow up, 40% (n=47) had uterine rupture. This study also indicated that, most of uterine rupture cases 80% (n=76) were living far away from the hospital (> 50km from the hospital) 94.6% (n-89) were multiparous. This study has also indicated that from the total of 20 discharged dead, 90% (n=18)) were came from a distance of >100km far from the hospital and 95% (n=19) were those who didn’t attend antenatal care. Conclusions: the higher rate of uterine rupture was seen in those who were multi Para, far from Hospitals and those who have no ANC follow up. Large scale study for the identification of determinant factors for evidence based intervention will be very important.

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The effect of sustainable land management technologies on farming household food security in Kwara state, Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1902203s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 203-214

Author(s):

Shehu Salau ◽

Robiu Aliu ◽

Nofiu Nofiu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Land Management ◽

Household Head ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Farm Income ◽

Sustainable Land Management ◽

Security Index ◽

Farming Households

Nigeria is among countries of the world confronted with the food insecurity problem. The agricultural production systems that produce food for the teeming population are not sustainable. Consequently, the use of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) technologies becomes a viable option. This study assessed the effect of SLM technologies on farming households? food security in Kwara State, Nigeria. A random sampling technique was used to pick 200 farming households for this study. The analytical tools included descriptive statistics, Shriar index, Likert scale, food security index and logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that the average age of the respondents was 51.8 years. The food security index showed that the proportions of food secure and insecure households were 35% and 65% respectively. The binary logistic regression revealed that SLM technologies were one of the critical determinants of food security. An increase in the usage of SLM technologies by 0.106% raised food security by 1%. Other important factors that were estimated included farm income, family size, gender and age of the household head. To reduce the effects of food insecurity, the effective coping strategies adopted by the respondents were reduction in quantity and quality of food consumed, engaging in off-farm jobs to increase household income and using of money proposed for other purposes to buy foods. Governments at all levels should encourage the adoption and use of SLM technologies through both print and electronic media. Policies and strategies towards reducing the household size should be vigorously pursued to reduce food insecurity.

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