scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Xie ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Yi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Central China ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. Along with indigenous malaria elimination in China, imported malaria gradually became a major hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnosis could support immediate therapeutic schedule, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid the disease transmission. Method Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients first accepted microscopy and RDT examination. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was engaged in total four human Plasmodium species amplication by using 18S rRNA based nested PCR and Taqman probe based real-time PCR. Then performance of microscopy and two molecular diagnosis methods were analyzed. Importation origin was traced by country and prevalence of Plasmodium species was revealed by year. Results Total 296 blood samples containing 288 microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT P. falciparum positive and 1 suspected cases were collected and reanalyzed. After two molecular methods and sequencing detection, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum , 15 P. vivax , 20 P. ovale , 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infection (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale , 2 P. vivax + P. ovale ) were confirmed. These patients returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions Results emphasized the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and field survey around potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Xie ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Yi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Central China ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. Along with indigenous malaria elimination in China, imported malaria gradually became a major hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnosis could support immediate therapeutic schedule, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid the disease transmission. Method Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients first accepted microscopy and RDT examination. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was engaged in total four human Plasmodium species amplication by using 18S rRNA based nested PCR and Taqman probe based real-time PCR. Then performance of microscopy and two molecular diagnosis methods were analyzed. Importation origin was traced by country and prevalence of Plasmodium species was revealed by year. Results Total 296 blood samples containing 288 microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT P. falciparum positive and 1 suspected cases were collected and reanalyzed. After two molecular methods and sequencing detection, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum , 15 P. vivax , 20 P. ovale , 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infection (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale , 2 P. vivax + P. ovale ) were confirmed. These patients returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions Results emphasized the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and field survey around potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Xie ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Yi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Central China ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease.Methods: Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year.Results: A total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and P. falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum, 15 P. vivax, 20 P. ovale, 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale, 2 P. vivax + P. ovale) were confirmed. These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions: These results emphasize the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and in field surveys of potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Xie ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Yi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Central China ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease. Methods Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year. Results A total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and Plasmodium falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum, 15 Plasmodium vivax, 20 Plasmodium ovale, 6 Plasmodium malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale, 2 P. vivax + P. ovale) were confirmed. These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions These results emphasize the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and in field surveys of potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Xie ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Yi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Central China ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease.Methods: Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year.Results: A total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and P. falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum, 15 P. vivax, 20 P. ovale, 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale, 2 P. vivax + P. ovale) were confirmed. These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions: These results emphasize the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and in field surveys of potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

scholarly journals A novel metabarcoded DNA sequencing tool for the detection of Plasmodium species in malaria positive patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ayaz Shaukat ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
Taj Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Sequencing Method

AbstractVarious PCR based methods have been described for the diagnosis of malaria, but most depend on the use of Plasmodium species-specific probes and primers; hence only the tested species are identified and there is limited available data on the true circulating species diversity. Sensitive diagnostic tools and platforms for their use are needed to detect Plasmodium species in both clinical cases and asymptomatic infections that contribute to disease transmission. We have been recently developed for the first time a novel high throughput ‘haemoprotobiome’ metabarcoded DNA sequencing method and applied it for the quantification of haemoprotozoan parasites (Theleria and Babesia) of livestock. Here, we describe a novel, high throughput method using an Illumina MiSeq platform to demonstrate the proportions of Plasmodium species in metabarcoded DNA samples derived from human malaria patients. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax positive control gDNA was used to prepare mock DNA pools of parasites to evaluate the detection threshold of the assay for each of the two species and to assess the accuracy of proportional quantification. We then applied the assay to malaria-positive human samples to show the species composition of Plasmodium communities in the Punjab province of Pakistan and in the Afghanistan-Pakistan tribal areas. The diagnostic performance of the deep amplicon sequencing method was compared to an immunochromatographic assay that is widely used in the region. Metabarcoded DNA sequencing showed better diagnostic performance, greatly increasing the estimated prevalence of Plasmodium infection. The next-generation sequencing method using metabarcoded DNA has potential applications in the diagnosis, surveillance, treatment, and control of Plasmodium infections, as well as to study the parasite biology.

scholarly journals Molecular Methodology for the Detection of the Leishmania Genus in Different Biological Samples Extracted from Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Júlia Miranda Ferreira de Sá ◽  
Lauren Laureanny Araújo Olimpo ◽  
Vanessa De Andrade Royo ◽  
Afraino Farias De Melo Júnior ◽  
Dario Alves De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
First Choice

Background: The leishmaniases are a group of parasitic diseases caused by trypanosomatids belonging to the genus Leishmania, members of the class Kinetoplastida, order Trypanosomatidae, family Trypanosomatidae. Despite innumerous wild species that are infected, the domestic dog is a potential reservoir of Leishmania infantum in urban areas, which expands the transmission pathway to humans. When infected, the dog becomes Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis (CVL), which is characterized by a diverse clinical picture that ranges from asymptomatic to non-specific signs, such as skin lesions, lymphadenomegaly, weight loss, splenomegaly, and/or ocular lesions, thus impairing accurate and rapid diagnosis.In Brazil, it is considered a public health problem since it is endemic in certain regions. Therefore, parasitological, serological, and molecular methods can be used for the detection of the disease. However, the possibility of serological cross-reaction and the occurrence of co-infection with other trypanosomatids decreases the specificity rate to below 100%, which suggests the use of more accurate diagnostic tools. Several molecular targets and starting samples for leishmaniasis diagnosis are already standardized, but there is lack of data allowing the evaluation of the target, as well as which biological material is more efficient for the molecular diagnosis of CVL. The sensitivity of PCR may vary with DNA quality, primer type, parasitemia level, and number of target copies per cell. The spleen, blood, liver, aspirate of bone marrow and lymph nodes are the most frequently used for molecular diagnosis of CVL. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare three protocols of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the molecular diagnosis of CVL in different biological samples removed from animals with different clinical and anatomopathological signs.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty seropositive dogs for CVL were used, their clinical and anatomopathological signs were evaluated, and were classified as asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and polysymptomatic. The PCR was conducted with specific primers for each region of the smaller subunit of rRNA, ITS-1, and KDNA genes. The four types of biological samples (spleen, blood, lymph nodes, and liver) were analyzed. Among the 50 dogs studied, 19 (38%) were in the asymptomatic group; all the animals showed healthy appearance, 15/50 (30%) of the dogs presented up to two symptoms, being classified as oligosymptomatic. The polysymptomatic dogs [16/50 (32%)] presented with a compromised clinical status. The study showed that all dogs had a positive result in at least one analyzed PCR methodology. Comparing the results of the three types of tests in the four types of studied samples, the nested-PCR was the one which presented a greater frequency of amplifications. Of a total of 200 samples, 124 showed amplification, showing a 62% sensitivity.Discussion: The results revealed that, when 50 dogs were analyzed, the spleen tissue samples had a better performance in all the tests, but the sensitivity of blood samples was also satisfactory in Nested SSU rRNA-PCR and MC-PCR. The blood samples can be easily accessed with minimal invasion. One of the limitations around the use of biopsy of the spleen or its aspirate is the risk of serious bleeding or even death of the animal. Taking into consideration the practicality and because it has a lower grade of invasiveness, the combination of peripheral blood with Nested SSU rRNA-PCR becomes the methodology of first choice.

scholarly journals Dispersal and Land Cover Contribute to Pseudorabies Virus Exposure in Invasive Wild Pigs

EcoHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Hernández ◽  
Amanda N. Carr ◽  
Michael P. Milleson ◽  
Hunter R. Merrill ◽  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Open Canopy

AbstractWe investigated the landscape epidemiology of a globally distributed mammal, the wild pig (Sus scrofa), in Florida (U.S.), where it is considered an invasive species and reservoir to pathogens that impact the health of people, domestic animals, and wildlife. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that two commonly cited factors in disease transmission, connectivity among populations and abundant resources, would increase the likelihood of exposure to both pseudorabies virus (PrV) and Brucella spp. (bacterial agent of brucellosis) in wild pigs across the Kissimmee Valley of Florida. Using DNA from 348 wild pigs and sera from 320 individuals at 24 sites, we employed population genetic techniques to infer individual dispersal, and an Akaike information criterion framework to compare candidate logistic regression models that incorporated both dispersal and land cover composition. Our findings suggested that recent dispersal conferred higher odds of exposure to PrV, but not Brucella spp., among wild pigs throughout the Kissimmee Valley region. Odds of exposure also increased in association with agriculture and open canopy pine, prairie, and scrub habitats, likely because of highly localized resources within those land cover types. Because the effect of open canopy on PrV exposure reversed when agricultural cover was available, we suggest that small-scale resource distribution may be more important than overall resource abundance. Our results underscore the importance of studying and managing disease dynamics through multiple processes and spatial scales, particularly for non-native pathogens that threaten wildlife conservation, economy, and public health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of four different HPLC devices for hemoglobinopathy screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müjgan Ercan Karadağ ◽  
Emiş Deniz Akbulut ◽  
Esin Avcı ◽  
Esra Fırat Oğuz ◽  
Saadet Kader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Thalassemia Screening

AbstractObjectiveHemoglobinopathies are a common public health problem in Turkey. In the screening of these disorders in population, cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is accepted as the gold standard method. In this study, the aim was to assess four different HPLC devices used in hemoglobinopathy screening.Materials and methodsA total of 58 blood samples were analyzed with four different HPLC methods (Bio-Rad variant II, Agilent 1100, Tosoh G8 and Trinity Ultra2 trademarks).ResultsThe comparison study demonstrated a good correlation between the results of each HPLC analyzer and the reference value obtained by averaging all the HbA2 results belonging to the methods tested in the study [ (Tosoh G8 (r=0.988), Bio-Rad variant II (r=0.993), Agilent 1100 (r=0.98) and Trinity Ultra2 (r=0.992) ]. HbA2 determination in the presence of HbE was interfered in both Bio-Rad variant II and Tosoh G8.ConclusionThe analyzers were found to have compatible HbA2 results but with accompanying different degrees of proportional and systematic biases. HPLC analyzers may be affected by different hemoglobin variants at different HbA2 concentrations, which is an important point to take into consideration during the evaluation of HbA2 results in thalassemia screening.

scholarly journals LAMP in Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Focus on Parasites

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Juan García-Bernalt Diego ◽  
Pedro Fernández-Soto ◽  
Antonio Muro
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Early 21St Century

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly those caused by parasites, remain a major Public Health problem in tropical and subtropical regions, with 10% of the world population being infected. Their management and control have been traditionally hampered, among other factors, by the difficulty to deploy rapid, specific, and affordable diagnostic tools in low resource settings. This is especially true for complex PCR-based methods. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, particularly loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), appeared in the early 21st century as an alternative to PCR, allowing for a much more affordable molecular diagnostic. Here, we present the status of LAMP assays development in parasite-caused NTDs. We address the progress made in different research applications of the technique: xenomonitoring, epidemiological studies, work in animal models and clinical application both for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment success. Finally, we try to shed a light on the improvements needed to achieve a true point-of-care test and the future perspectives in this field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document