scholarly journals Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Xiguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
Siyang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cancer globally and the 10th leading cancer in the United States. However, it is has received limited attention over more common malignancies. Only a few studies have comprehensively assessed disease burden from esophageal cancer in the United States (US). Methods: Using states-categorized data on incidence, mortality, and Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs), this study analyzed the current trends in esophageal cancer disease burden. Data and risk factor indicators were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) online resource and used to determine annual relative change. Results: We report here that between 1990 and 2017, the number of esophageal cancer new cases, deaths and DALYs in the US increased significantly, while the Age-standardized Rate (ASR) of disease incidence remained constant. During the same time, disease burden from esophageal cancer in males was higher than that in females. Economically stronger states trend to had lesser disease burden from esophageal cancer. Smoking and alcohol use contributed most of the burden while influence of high body-mass index and diet low in fruits grew largely. Conclusions: This study provided an analysis of esophageal cancer disease burden in the United States that will inform the design of targeted strategies for disease prevention tailored to different states.

scholarly journals Mapping the Trends in Esophageal Cancer Disease Burden in the United States: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
jianxue Zhai ◽  
Jintao Zhan ◽  
Xiguang Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is the 10th leading cancer in US but given limited research attention. This study aimed to investigate the esophageal cancer disease burden more comprehensively in US. Methods: Having retrieved states-categorized data on esophageal cancer incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years from the Global Burden of Disease study online resource, the current trends on esophageal cancer disease burden attributed to different risk factors and their relationship with economic status were analyzed using age-standardized rate and the estimated annual percentage change.Results: In US, the esophageal cancer age-standardized rate of incidence has been stable but age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years trended to decreased with estimated annual percentage changes of -0.237% and -0.471% from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardized rate of incidence was higher in males than in females, but both didn’t increase, so as age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years. The largest increase in age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years was observed in Oklahoma, whereas the largest decrease was seen in the District of Columbia. Age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years contributed to high BMI or diet low in fruits were growing. per capita disposable personal income trended to negatively correlated with estimated annual percentage changes of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years.Conclusions: The esophageal cancer disease burden in US decreased from 1990 to 2017 but was heavier in males than in females, and increased in economically weaker states and populations with high BMI and low-fruit diet.

scholarly journals Burden of Oral Cancer on the 10 Most Populous Countries from 1990 to 2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Shu-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Long Xie ◽  
Zheng-Jun Shang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Oral cancer (OC) is a common tumour that poses a threat to human health and imposes a heavy burden on countries. This study assessed the burden imposed by OC on the 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019 on the basis of gender, age and socio-demographic index. Methods: Data on incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and corresponding age-standardised rates (ASR) for OC in the 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019 were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to assess the trends of morbidity, mortality and DALY. The indicator that served as a proxy for survival rate was the supplement of mortality-to-incidence ratio (SMIR) (1 − (M/I)). Results: The number of new cases, deaths and DALY have increased in all 10 countries in the past 30 years. Trends in age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardised DALY for OC in the 10 most populous countries varied. The SMIR increased in all countries, with most countries having an SMIR between 30% and 50%. In 2019, the United States had the highest SMIR at 76%, whereas Russia had the lowest at 21.7%. Incidence and mortality were close between male and female subjects in Japan, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The incidence and mortality in male subjects in the United States, Russia, China and Brazil were two or more times those of female subjects. Gender difference was highest among patients aged 40–69 years. Conclusion: Trends and gender differences in ASIR, ASMR and age-standardised DALY for OC vary in the 10 most populous countries. Government cancer programs are often expensive to run, especially in countries with large populations. Policy makers need to take these differences into account when formulating policies.

scholarly journals Diseases due to unhealthy environments: an updated estimate of the global burden of disease attributable to environmental determinants of health

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prüss-Ustün ◽  
J. Wolf ◽  
C. Corvalán ◽  
T. Neville ◽  
R. Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Abstract Background The update of the global burden of disease attributable to the environment is presented. The study focuses on modifiable risks to show the potential health impact from environmental interventions. Methods Systematic literature reviews on 133 diseases and injuries were performed. Comparative risk assessments were complemented by more limited epidemiological estimates, expert opinion and information on disease transmission pathways. Population attributable fractions were used to calculate global deaths and global disease burden from environmental risks. Results Twenty-three percent (95% CI: 13–34%) of global deaths and 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) of global disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to environmental risks in 2012. Sixty-eight percent of deaths and 56% of DALYs could be estimated with comparative risk assessment methods. The global disease burden attributable to the environment is now dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Susceptible ages are children under five and adults between 50 and 75 years. Country level data are presented. Conclusions Nearly a quarter of global disease burden could be prevented by reducing environmental risks. This analysis confirms that eliminating hazards and reducing environmental risks will greatly benefit our health, will contribute to attaining the recently agreed Sustainable Development Goals and will systematically require intersectoral collaboration to be successful.

scholarly journals Burden of disease among the world’s poorest billion people: An expert-informed secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease estimates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0253073
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Coates ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
Gisela Robles Aguilar ◽  
Gene F. Kwan ◽  
Daniel Vigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Life Years

Background The health of populations living in extreme poverty has been a long-standing focus of global development efforts, and continues to be a priority during the Sustainable Development Goal era. However, there has not been a systematic attempt to quantify the magnitude and causes of the burden in this specific population for almost two decades. We estimated disease rates by cause for the world’s poorest billion and compared these rates to those in high-income populations. Methods We defined the population in extreme poverty using a multidimensional poverty index. We used national-level disease burden estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study and adjusted these to account for within-country variation in rates. To adjust for within-country variation, we looked to the relationship between rates of extreme poverty and disease rates across countries. In our main modeling approach, we used these relationships when there was consistency with expert opinion from a survey we conducted of disease experts regarding the associations between household poverty and the incidence and fatality of conditions. Otherwise, no within-country variation was assumed. We compared results across multiple approaches for estimating the burden in the poorest billion, including aggregating national-level burden from the countries with the highest poverty rates. We examined the composition of the estimated disease burden among the poorest billion and made comparisons with estimates for high-income countries. Results The composition of disease burden among the poorest billion, as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), was 65% communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, 29% non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 6% injuries. Age-standardized DALY rates from NCDs were 44% higher in the poorest billion (23,583 DALYs per 100,000) compared to high-income regions (16,344 DALYs per 100,000). Age-standardized DALY rates were 2,147% higher for CMNN conditions (32,334 DALYs per 100,000) and 86% higher for injuries (4,182 DALYs per 100,000) in the poorest billion, compared to high-income regions. Conclusion The disease burden among the poorest people globally compared to that in high income countries is highly influenced by demographics as well as large disparities in burden from many conditions. The comparisons show that the largest disparities remain in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases, though NCDs and injuries are an important part of the “unfinished agenda” of poor health among those living in extreme poverty.

scholarly journals Quantifying changes in global health inequality: the Gini and Slope Inequality Indices applied to the Global Burden of Disease data, 1990–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Steinbeis ◽  
Dzintars Gotham ◽  
Peter von Philipsborn ◽  
Jan M Stratil
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
International Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Relative Inequality ◽  
Life Years

BackgroundThe major shifts in the global burden of disease over the past decades are well documented, but how these shifts have affected global inequalities in health remains an underexplored topic. We applied comprehensive inequality measures to data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.MethodsBetween-country relative inequality was measured by the population-weighted Gini Index, between-country absolute inequality was calculated using the population-weighted Slope Inequality Index (SII). Both were applied to country-level GBD data on age-standardised disability-adjusted life years.FindingsAbsolute global health inequality measured by the SII fell notably between 1990 (0.68) and 2017 (0.42), mainly driven by a decrease of disease burden due to communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNN). By contrast, relative inequality remained essentially unchanged from 0.21 to 0.19 (1990–2017), with a peak of 0.23 (2000–2008). The main driver for the increase of relative inequality 1990–2008 was the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Relative inequality increased 1990–2017 within each of the three main cause groups: CMNNs; non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and injuries.ConclusionsDespite considerable reductions in disease burden in 1990–2017 and absolute health inequality between countries, absolute and relative international health inequality remain high. The limited reduction of relative inequality has been largely due to shifts in disease burden from CMNNs and injuries to NCDs. If progress in the reduction of health inequalities is to be sustained beyond the global epidemiological transition, the fight against CMNNs and injuries must be joined by increased efforts for NCDs.

scholarly journals State of the evidence: a survey of global disparities in clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e004145
Author(s):  
Iain James Marshall ◽  
Veline L'Esperance ◽  
Rachel Marshall ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Anna Noel-Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Global Disease Burden

IntroductionIdeally, health conditions causing the greatest global disease burden should attract increased research attention. We conducted a comprehensive global study investigating the number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published on different health conditions, and how this compares with the global disease burden that they impose.MethodsWe use machine learning to monitor PubMed daily, and find and analyse RCT reports. We assessed RCTs investigating the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease study. Using regression models, we compared numbers of actual RCTs in different health conditions to numbers predicted from their global disease burden (disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)). We investigated whether RCT numbers differed for conditions disproportionately affecting countries with lower socioeconomic development.ResultsWe estimate 463 000 articles describing RCTs (95% prediction interval 439 000 to 485 000) were published from 1990 to July 2020. RCTs recruited a median of 72 participants (IQR 32–195). 82% of RCTs were conducted by researchers in the top fifth of countries by socio-economic development. As DALYs increased for a particular health condition by 10%, the number of RCTs in the same year increased by 5% (3.2%–6.9%), but the association was weak (adjusted R2=0.13). Conditions disproportionately affecting countries with lower socioeconomic development, including respiratory infections and tuberculosis (7000 RCTs below predicted) and enteric infections (9700 RCTs below predicted), appear relatively under-researched for their disease burden. Each 10% shift in DALYs towards countries with low and middle socioeconomic development was associated with a 4% reduction in RCTs (3.7%–4.9%). These disparities have not changed substantially over time.ConclusionResearch priorities are not well optimised to reduce the global burden of disease. Most RCTs are produced by highly developed countries, and the health needs of these countries have been, on average, favoured.

scholarly journals Canadian trends in opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder from 1990 to 2014 through the lens of the Global Burden of Disease Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Orpana ◽  
Justin J. Lang ◽  
Maulik Baxi ◽  
Jessica Halverson ◽  
Nicole Kozloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction Several regions in Canada have recently experienced sharp increases in opioid overdoses and related hospitalizations and deaths. This paper describes opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder in Canada from 1990 to 2014 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Methods We used data from the GBD study to describe temporal trends (1990–2014) in opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder using common metrics: disability-adjusted life years (DALY), deaths, years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). We also compared age-standardized YLL and DALY rates per 100 000 population between Canada, the USA and other regions. Results The age-standardized opioid-related DALY rate in Canada was 355.5 per 100 000 population in 2014, which was higher than the global rate of 193.2, but lower than the rate of 767.9 in the United States. Between 1990 and 2014, the age-standardized opioid-related YLL rate in Canada increased by 142.2%, while globally this rate decreased by 10.1%. In comparison with YLL, YLD accounted for a larger proportion of the overall opioid-related burden across all age groups. Health loss was greater for males than females, and highest among those aged 25 to 29 years. Conclusion The health burden associated with opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder in Canada is significant and has increased dramatically from 1990 to 2014. These data point to a need for public health action including enhanced monitoring of a range of opioid-related harms.

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