scholarly journals Predictors of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in the Gedeo-Zone, Southern-Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Tenkolu Bune ◽  
Alemayehu Worku Yalew ◽  
Abera Kumie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV (PLHIVs) is a global public health issue. However, there is no primary data about predictors of MS in the SSA and Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine predictors of MS, among PLHIVs in the Gedeo-Zone,Southern-Ethiopia.MethodsUnmatched case-control study approach, among PLHIVs who served at randomly chosen two hospitals and health centers in the zone, in between (December 29th-2017 and January 22nd-2019) was done. WHO-steps tools were used to gather the data, finally handled with (Epidata-V-3.1 and SPSS-V-22) software’s. Lastly, using a multivariable conditional-LR-model, 4-models with AOR (95%CI) were computed to arrived at the final model, and then variables accepted as significant at (p-value < 0.05)level. ResultOverall, 633 PLHIVs (139 cases and 494 controls) were included in the analysis. The leading factors associated with MS were Age(>/=45years-old)(AOR=4.0,95%CI: 1.4-11.9), completed secondary school education (AOR=0.1,95% CI:0.01-0.5), un-employed(a home-maker AOR=0.1,95%CI:0.03-0.7 vs able to work AOR=0.1,95%CI:0.06-0.5)),Antiretroviral-therapy-exposed(AOR=0.1,95%CI:1.0-8.5),WHO-stage(>/=III)(AOR=4.4,95% CI:1.4-13.4), total physically activity (AOR=0.1,95% CI:0.04- 0.35), history of blood sugar measured (AOR=10.7,95%CI:3.3-34.6), elevated waist-circumference(AOR=6.9,95%CI:2.5-18.7),raised body mass index(AOR=5.4 95% CI: 1.6,18.4),fasting-glucose(AOR=29.3,95%CI:10.0-85.4),raisedtriglyceride(AOR=4.8,95%CI:2.0-11.3), and low high density lipoprotein(AOR=12.3 95% CI: 5.2,29.3). ConclusionThe finding implicated, the significance of planning intervention actions that targets the above factors in to account.

scholarly journals Determinants of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Adults in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Belay Adugna ◽  
Belachew Etana Tolessa ◽  
Mekdes Tigistu Yilma
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious air born disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Globally, it causes ill-health among millions of people living with HIV/AIDS each year. Objective: To identify determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected adults in public health facilities, in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, 2019. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 127 cases and 255 controls which were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by record review and through face to face interview. Then, analysis was done using SPSS version 25.To identify determinants of tuberculosis multivariable logistic regression was employed. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95 % CI to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: - A total of 127 cases and 255 controls were participated into the study with 97.2% response rate. Aged ≥35 years [ AOR= 2.63, 95% CI(1.29,5.36)], alcohol consumption [AOR=3.34,95%CI(1.68,6.99)], Having CD4 cells <200 [AOR=3.67, 95% CI (1.5, 9.1)], Having Haemoglobin <11g/dl [AOR=3.77, 95%CI(1.84,7.72)], Imprisoned in the past 2 years [AOR=4.22, 95%CI(1.56, 11.37)], Living with TB patients in the same house [AOR=14.97, 95% CI(1.99, 21.63)] were factors associated with TB among HIV infected adults. Importantly, using Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis [AOR=0.193, 95% CI(0.81,0.46)] had a protective effect from acquiring TB. Conclusion and Recommendation: Being in old age, alcohol use, Chewing khat, Having CD4cells <200, Advanced WHO clinical stage, Hgb <11g/dl, Imprisoned in the past 2 years, History of previous TB and living with TB patients in the same house were factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Using Cotrimoxazole had a protective effect from acquiring TB/HIV co-infection. For most of these determinants interventions can be made at individual and institutional levels, whereas, some factors need societal level integrations.

Predictors of Immunization Defaulting among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikru Tesfaye ◽  
Alemu Tamiso ◽  
Yemane Birhan ◽  
Tariku Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Control Study

<p>As part of the overall package of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia, all children are provided with free immunization services and it is available in all government health facilities, both in rural and urban areas. But significant number of children was defaulted from Immunization schedule, even after the health extension program was launched. Therefore, the study was assessed predictors of immunization defaulting among children age range of 12-23 months, in Hawassa Zuria district of southern Ethiopia. Unmatched case control study was conducted in six Kebeles which were selected from 26 kebeles by simple random sampling techniques. Cases were children in the age ranges of 12 - 23 months who did not complete the recommended immunization. All cases (105) and controls (209) in the kebeles were identified by using health posts Vaccine registration book. Bivariable and multiple logistic regression model were used to identify important predictor of immunization defaulting. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significances. The study identified educational status, place of delivery, immunization related knowledge, ANC follow up and household wealth status as significant predictors of defaulting from immunization schedules. Sustained health education on vaccination related knowledge and institutional delivery services utilization will be needed. The household literacy and economic status should also get emphasis so as to decreases defaulting of children from immunization schedule.</p>

Antiretroviral treatment adherence and mental disorders: observational case-control study in people living with HIV in Spain

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Parro-Torres ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Huerta ◽  
Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado ◽  
María Jesús Pérez-Elías ◽  
Enrique Baca-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Therapy Failure Among Adults on First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: A Multicenter Retrospective Matched Case-control Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tekle Mengistu ◽  
Ghirmay Ghebrekidan Ghebremeskel ◽  
Hermon Berhe Ghebrat ◽  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Nahom Asmerom Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Information on treatment failure (TF) in People living with HIV in data-poor jurisdictions is necessary to counter the rapidly escalating epidemic of TF to first-line combined anti-retroviral therapies (cART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we examined the risk factors associated with TF in Asmara, Eritrea.Methods: A multicenter, retrospective 1:2 matched (by age and gender) case-control study was conducted in four major hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea on adults aged >15 years who were on treatment for at least 6 months. Cases were patients with viral load ≥1000 copies/mL anytime between 2019-2021 and/or patients switched to second line cART. Controls were randomly selected from patients on first-line ART with viral load < 1000 copies/mL. Data was extracted using a checklist from the master data set and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for TF. All p-values were 2-sided and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses.Results: Of the 1068 participants, 585 (54.7%) were females. The median age at treatment initiation was 46 years (interquartile range (IQR): 39–51). Median time to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) failure was 37 months (IQR =24–47). In multivariate analysis factors associated with increased likelihood of virologic failure (VF) were the type of initially used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) backbone ( (Zidovudine+Lamivudine (AZT+3TC): adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.70; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.65-4.41, p-value<0.001), (Abacavir+lamivudine (ABC+3TC): aOR: 4.73; 95%CI: 1.18-18.92, p-value=0.028), and (Stavudine+Lamivudine (D4T+3TC): aOR: 5.00; 95% CI: 3.03-8.20, p-value<0.001), prior exposure to ART (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI:1.35–3.86; p=0.002), record of sub-optimal drug adherence (aOR: 3.08; 95%CI: 2.22–4.28; p<0.001), ambulatory/bedridden at presentation (aOR:1.61; 95%CI: 1.12-4.28; p-value=0.010), presence of comorbidities (aOR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.36-4.10, p-value=0.002), duration of cART (<5 years: aOR: 5.90; 95% CI: 3.95-8.73, p-value<0.001), and use of SMX-TMP prophylaxis ( aOR : 2.00, 95%CI, 1.44-2.78, p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing cART adherence, diversification of cART regimens, and interventions directed at enhancing early HIV diagnosis, prompt initiations of treatment and improved patient focused monitoring of treatment response.

scholarly journals Vulnerability factors associated with HIV/AIDS hospitalizations: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Maria Lopes ◽  
Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade ◽  
Tiemi Arakawa ◽  
Gabriela Tavares Magnabosco ◽  
Maria Ines Battistella Nemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Case Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the association between HIV/AIDS hospitalizations and factors that integrate individual, social, and programmatic vulnerabilities. Methods: a case-control study conducted in 2014 in a municipality in the state of São Paulo. “Cases” included people living with HIV (PLHIV) hospitalized and “control” those who were outpatients. Interviews were conducted using a tool with sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics and other vulnerabilities. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results: fifty-six cases and 112 control participated. Risk factors for HIV hospitalization were: unemployed and retired individuals; homeless people; non-antiretroviral users; individuals who did not regularly attend returns. Access to social workers was a protective factor for hospitalization. Conclusions: this research contributed to measure the social, individual and programmatic vulnerabilities that interfere with HIV worsening and, consequently, unfavorable outcome such as hospitalization.

scholarly journals Determinants of neonatal near misses among neonates admitted to Guji and Borena zones selected public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A facility based unmatched case control study design

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e0000168
Author(s):  
Anteneh Fikrie ◽  
Elias Amaje ◽  
Amana Jilo Bonkiye ◽  
Wako Golicha Wako ◽  
Alqeer Aliyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

There is little available evidence that quantifies the determinats of NNM in Ethiopia despite an increasing magnitude of neonatal mortality. Therefore, this study was designed to provide concrte evidence about the determinats of NNMS among neonates admitted to Guji and Borena Zones Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2021. A facility based unmatched case control study design was conducted on 402 (134 cases and 268 controls) selected neonates admitted to Bule Hora, Adola and Yabelo General Hospitals from February 1-March 31, 2021. Cases were consecutively selected. Whereas for each case, two controls were selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data collection included a pretested and structured face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaire with a supplementation of maternal and neonatal medical records with checklists. Then the data were coded and entered in to Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science IBM version 25 for analysis. The descriptive statistics run and the results of the data were presented using frequencies, and tables. Bivariable and multi variable logistic regression was used for the analsysis of the data. Finally, Adjusted Odds Ratio together with 95% Confidence Intervals and p value <0.05 was used to declare the significance of all statistic. A total of 134 cases (neonatal near misses) and 268 controls (normal neonate) were participated in this study to make a response rate of 100% for both cases, and controls. In this study rural residence (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.96), previous history of neonatal death (AOR = 4.85, 95%CI: 2.24,10.49), birth interval ≤ 2 years (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.11) and history of abortion (both induced and miscarriage) (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.17, 3.31) were found to be statistically significant at a p-value of <0.05. History of prior abortion history of prior neonatal death and short birth interval (≤ 2 years) were identified to be the determinats of NNMs. High quality antenatal and intrapartum continuum of care should be provided for women and neonates. Additionally, contraceptive utilization should be encouraged for a women to space the births of their children.

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