Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Background: Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is the most frequent AIDS-related opportunistic infection. T. gondii infects the human population in both developed and developing countries. Toxoplasmosis among PLWHA manifests primarily as a life-threatening condition, TE, brain abscesses and death. Objective was to identify the risk factors of Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods: A case control study was conducted during May to November 2018. The study participants consisted of 90 PLWHA; 30 PLWHA with history of TE (cases) and 60 PLWHA without history of TE (controls). Data such as: socio-demographic, laboratory results, head CT scan findings were collected from the medical record and was analyzed using SPSS version 18.Results: A total of 90 participants PLWHA were enrolled, 30 participants as cases and 60 participants as a control. 49 (54.4%) participants were males and 41 (45.6%) participants were females. Among the risk factors evaluated; the lower lymphocyte level (p=0.016), the lower cluster differentiation (CD) 4 level (p=0.003), no taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (p=0.000) were observed to be an independent associated risk factor of TE.Conclusions: Our findings suggest lower lymphocyte levels, lower CD4 count and no taking HAART may constitute a significant associated risk factor for TE in PLWHA.

Download Full-text

Determinants of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Adults in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-85008/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zelalem Belay Adugna ◽

Belachew Etana Tolessa ◽

Mekdes Tigistu Yilma

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Case Control ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious air born disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Globally, it causes ill-health among millions of people living with HIV/AIDS each year. Objective: To identify determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected adults in public health facilities, in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, 2019. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 127 cases and 255 controls which were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by record review and through face to face interview. Then, analysis was done using SPSS version 25.To identify determinants of tuberculosis multivariable logistic regression was employed. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95 % CI to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: - A total of 127 cases and 255 controls were participated into the study with 97.2% response rate. Aged ≥35 years [ AOR= 2.63, 95% CI(1.29,5.36)], alcohol consumption [AOR=3.34,95%CI(1.68,6.99)], Having CD4 cells <200 [AOR=3.67, 95% CI (1.5, 9.1)], Having Haemoglobin <11g/dl [AOR=3.77, 95%CI(1.84,7.72)], Imprisoned in the past 2 years [AOR=4.22, 95%CI(1.56, 11.37)], Living with TB patients in the same house [AOR=14.97, 95% CI(1.99, 21.63)] were factors associated with TB among HIV infected adults. Importantly, using Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis [AOR=0.193, 95% CI(0.81,0.46)] had a protective effect from acquiring TB. Conclusion and Recommendation: Being in old age, alcohol use, Chewing khat, Having CD4cells <200, Advanced WHO clinical stage, Hgb <11g/dl, Imprisoned in the past 2 years, History of previous TB and living with TB patients in the same house were factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Using Cotrimoxazole had a protective effect from acquiring TB/HIV co-infection. For most of these determinants interventions can be made at individual and institutional levels, whereas, some factors need societal level integrations.

Download Full-text

Vulnerability factors associated with HIV/AIDS hospitalizations: a case-control study

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Livia Maria Lopes ◽

Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade ◽

Tiemi Arakawa ◽

Gabriela Tavares Magnabosco ◽

Maria Ines Battistella Nemes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Homeless People ◽

Case Control ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the association between HIV/AIDS hospitalizations and factors that integrate individual, social, and programmatic vulnerabilities. Methods: a case-control study conducted in 2014 in a municipality in the state of São Paulo. “Cases” included people living with HIV (PLHIV) hospitalized and “control” those who were outpatients. Interviews were conducted using a tool with sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics and other vulnerabilities. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results: fifty-six cases and 112 control participated. Risk factors for HIV hospitalization were: unemployed and retired individuals; homeless people; non-antiretroviral users; individuals who did not regularly attend returns. Access to social workers was a protective factor for hospitalization. Conclusions: this research contributed to measure the social, individual and programmatic vulnerabilities that interfere with HIV worsening and, consequently, unfavorable outcome such as hospitalization.

Download Full-text